“Section 24(4)”
The decision most relied on for Section 24(4) is CIT v. Ponni Sugars & Chemicals Ltd. (306 ITR 392), cited in 577 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 24(4)
The "Purpose Test" determines whether an incentive or subsidy is a capital or revenue receipt for income tax purposes. If the incentive's purpose is to enable an assessee to set up a new industry or make investments in capital assets, it is a capital receipt and not taxable.
Tax can only be levied or collected by authority of law, as mandated by Article 265 of the Constitution; consequently, any tax collected contrary to law must be refunded.
The Supreme Court establishes a principle of statutory interpretation that terms like 'assistance' can be construed expansively to include a 'reward', a principle leveraged in income tax cases to determine if receipts such as excise duty exemptions are taxable income or non-taxable capital receipts.
Additions to income based solely on a third party's statement are invalid, particularly when the assessee is not given an opportunity to cross-examine that third party.
A lawful assessment must be based on material evidence and cannot rely solely on an admission or statement, especially if obtained by inducement, threat, coercion, or improper means. The voluntary nature of a statement is a prerequisite for it to be acted upon, and authorities must apply their mind to subsequent retractions.
Income derived from leasing a business asset is considered business income under Section 28 of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
For comparability analysis in transfer pricing, giant companies with significantly higher turnover and brand value cannot be compared with small-sized companies, and such companies should be excluded from the comparable set.
A statement made under sections 107 and 108 of the Customs Act is not a statement made by a person accused of an offence, but Section 24 of the Indian Evidence Act applies because a customs officer is considered an officer in authority. This principle is extended to statements recorded under Section 132(4) of the Income Tax Act, where their voluntariness can be scrutinized, though they are admissible.