“Section 56(2)(ii)”
The decision most relied on for Section 56(2)(ii) is Income Tax-III, Pune v. Rajasthan & Gujarati Charitable Foundation Poona (89 Taxmann.com 127), cited in 130 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on Section 56(2)(ii)
The claim of depreciation under Section 32 of the Income Tax Act for assets used by charitable trusts is permissible, affirming the Bombay High Court's view that such a claim does not amount to a 'double benefit'.
Where an assessee has mixed funds (borrowed and interest-free) and makes interest-free advances, it is presumed that such advances are made from interest-free funds if sufficient interest-free funds are available. This principle guides the disallowance of interest on borrowed capital under Section 36(1)(iii) if funds are diverted for non-business purposes without business expediency.
Income earned during the construction phase of a project, which has a direct and inextricable nexus with the project's setting up, constitutes a capital receipt and reduces the project's cost, rather than being taxable as revenue income. This applies to incidental income like interest on funds (e.g., share capital, grants) temporarily parked before being utilized for the specific project.
The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) can make enhancements to an assessment during appellate proceedings, provided such enhancements do not amount to introducing an entirely new head of income.
An Assessing Officer must accept the fair market value of shares determined by the assessee using a prescribed method like DCF or NAV, and cannot substitute their own valuation, as Section 56(2)(viib) is a deeming provision not open to broad interpretation.
The decision in Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Company Ltd. [2017] 7 SCC 421 is referred to in the context of the rule of consistency, particularly concerning the application of provisions related to income calculation and disallowances.
Depreciation is allowable on capital assets for charitable trusts even if expenditure was allowed as deduction, as long as it doesn't amount to double deduction. The principles of commercial accountancy apply when computing business income.
Section 206AA, which mandates a higher TDS rate for non-residents without a PAN, cannot be applied retrospectively if tax was already deducted at lower rates as per DTAA provisions.