“relinquishment of right”
The decision most relied on for relinquishment of right is CIT v. Tata Services Ltd. (122 ITR 594), cited in 76 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on relinquishment of right
A right to purchase property under an agreement to sell is a capital asset as defined under Section 2(14) of the Income-tax Act. The relinquishment or extinguishment of such a right constitutes a transfer of a capital asset, the consideration for which is taxable as capital gains.
The case is cited for the principle that when a payment is made for a non-compete agreement which is part of a larger business transfer, the characterisation of the payment depends on whether it is for the enduring benefit of the business or for the loss of potential profits.
The term 'transfer' under Section 2(47) includes the relinquishment of a right to property that creates an interest in the property. However, the extinguishment of rights in shares, when occurring without a formal conveyance, does not attract capital gains.
Expenditure incurred for the elimination of business competition, such as non-compete fees, is classified as either revenue or capital expenditure based on whether it creates an enduring benefit for the assessee's business.
Compensation received for the loss of a capital asset or the loss of a source of income is classified as a capital receipt and is not liable to income tax.
Income received from relinquishment of a right in property, such as compensation received due to breach of an agreement to purchase immovable property, is taxable as capital gains. The right acquired under a sale agreement is considered a right to property, not merely a right to sue.
Payments made to ward off business rivalry or acquire an existing business are capital in nature. This is especially true if the benefit obtained is for a specified period and involves the acquisition of business in a specified area.
Redemption of preference shares by a company constitutes a 'transfer' under Section 2(47) of the Income Tax Act, making it subject to capital gains tax under Section 45 for the shareholder.