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“best judgment assessment”

Assessment ProceduresSection 144Section 1441,400 judgments

The decision most relied on for best judgment assessment is Kachwala Gems v. JCIT (288 ITR 10), cited in 332 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on best judgment assessment

Kachwala Gems v. JCIT
288 ITR 10 · 2007 · Supreme Court
332
citing judgments

In a best judgment assessment, some guesswork is inherent, but the estimate must be fair and not arbitrary. Books of account can be rejected under Section 145(3) if the assessee fails to substantiate entries or prove the genuineness of transactions, leading to estimation of income.

Commissioner of Sales Tax v. H.M. Esufali H.M. Abdulali
90 ITR 271 · 1973 · Supreme Court
232
citing judgments

The Supreme Court established principles for best judgment assessments, stating that some guesswork is inevitable but the assessment must be bona fide, rational, and free from bias or capriciousness. An appellate authority cannot substitute its judgment for that of the Assessing Officer unless the AO's assessment is shown to be biased, irrational, vindictive, or capricious, especially when the assessee fails to provide proper accounts or counter-evidence.

CIT v. Gurubachhan Singh J. Juneja
302 ITR 63 · 2008 · High Court
147
citing judgments

When unaccounted receipts or suppressed sales are detected and books of account are rejected under Section 145(3), additions to income must be restricted to the profit element embedded in such transactions, not the entire transaction value. This profit element is to be estimated by considering the assessee's regular profit ratio as per books of account.

Man Mohan Sadani v. CIT
304 ITR 52 · 2008 · High Court
132
citing judgments

When assessing income from undisclosed or unrecorded sales, the entire sale proceeds cannot be added to the assessee's income; instead, only the net profit embedded in such unaccounted sales, determined by applying the assessee's net profit rate, should be taxed.

Brij Bhushan Lal Paraduman Kumar v. CIT
115 ITR 524 · 1978 · Supreme Court
113
citing judgments

The Supreme Court holds that an Assessing Officer, when making a best judgment assessment or estimating income, must act fairly, honestly, and rationally, basing the estimation on available material and avoiding arbitrary or capricious decisions. Adherence to natural justice principles is crucial during assessment proceedings.

CIT v. Laxminarain Badridas
5 ITR 170 · 1937 · Supreme Court
79
citing judgments

An income tax officer making a best judgment assessment must act honestly, not dishonestly, vindictively, or capriciously. They must make a fair estimate of the assessment, considering local knowledge, repute, and previous assessments.

State of Kerala v. C. Velukutty
60 ITR 239 · 1966 · Supreme Court
78
citing judgments

A best judgment assessment must be based on wisdom, truth, and legal principles, not arbitrary caprice. While it involves estimation and guesswork, this must have a reasonable nexus to available material and the case's circumstances.

Shankar Khandasari Sugar Mills v. CIT
193 ITR 669 · 1992 · High Court
64
citing judgments

Best judgment assessments under Section 144 must be a fair and rational estimation of income by the Assessing Officer, not capricious or arbitrary. Appellate authorities should accept clarificatory evidence to test the fairness of such assessments, even if produced for the first time.

Judgments citing best judgment assessment

Bhalagam Naidu Raja, Vellore vs. Iti Ward 3, Vellore

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 872/CHNY/2024[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai24 Jun 2024AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Mahavir Singhand Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwalआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.: 872/Chny/2024 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2017-18 Shri Bhalagam Naidu Raja, The Income Tax Officer, 2/26, Melachakattu, Vs. Ward 3, Kalampathu Latheri, Vellore. Katpadi, Vellore – 632 202. Pan: Anppr 0224B (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" क" ओर से/Appellant By : None ""यथ" क" ओर से/Respondent By : Shri Ar.V. Sreenivasan, Addl.Cit सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 24.06.2024 घोषणा क" तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 24.06.2024 आदेश /O R D E R Per Mahavir Singh: This Appeal By The Assessee Is Arising Out Of The Order Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi In Order No.Itba/Nfac/S/250/2023- 24/1060261821 (1) Dated 30.01.2024. The Assessment Was Framed By The Income Tax Officer, Ward 3, Vellore For The Assessment Year 2017-18 U/S.144 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter The ‘Act’) Vide Order Dated 14.11.2019. 2. At The Outset, It Is Noticed That The Assessee Has Raised The Ground That The Cit(A)-Nfac Has Violated The Principles Of Natural Justice In Not Allowing Opportunity Of Being Heard To The Assessee & Passing Ex-Parte Order Without Going Into The Merits Of The Case. The Relevant Grounds Raised By The Assessee I.E., Ground Nos. 2 To 4 As Under:- “2. The Nfac Erred In Not Considering The Grounds Set Forth Before The Office Of Commissioner Of Income Tax & Passed An Order U/S.250 Which Violates The Principles Of Natural Justice.

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri AR.V. Sreenivasan, Addl.CIT
Section 115BSection 142(1)Section 143(1)Section 144Section 249(4)Section 249(4)(b)Section 250Section 68

natural justice. 3. The NFAC failed to apply its mind while looking into the Assessment Order that is passed based on the Best Judgment Assessment. 4. The order passed u/s.250 is based on no logic and technicalities and is invalid in the eyes of the law.” 3. The brief facts

Accurate Shoppers Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata vs. ITO, Ward-4(3), Kolkata

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 537/KOL/2024[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata12 Jun 2024AY 2012-13

Bench: Dr. Manish Borad, Hon’Ble & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubey, Hon’Blei.T.A. No. 537/Kol/2024 Assessment Year: 2012-13 Accurate Shoppers Pvt. Ltd. Income Tax Officer, Ward – 4(3), 5/1, 4Th Floor Vs Kolkata Room No. 125, Clive Row Kolkata - 700001 [Pan : Aaica9908Q] अपीलाथ"/ (Appellant) "" यथ"/ (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Siddarth Agarwal, Advocate Revenue By : Shri P.P. Barman, Addl. Cit D/R सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 05/06/2024 घोषणा क" तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 12/06/2024 आदेश/O R D E R Per Dr. Manish Borad: The Present Appeal Is Directed At The Instance Of The Assessee Against The Order Of The National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi, (Hereinafter The “Ld. Cit(A)”) Dt. 30/01/2024, Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (“The Act”) For Assessment Year 2012-13. 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Assessee Is A Private Limited Company. It Declared Loss Of Rs.65,724/- In The Return Filed On 26/03/2013 For Assessment Year 2012-13. Case Of The Assessee Selected For Scrutiny & After Making Addition Of Rs.8.67 Crores, Assessment U/S 143(3) Of The Act Completed On 23/03/2015. Thereafter Based On Information Received From Ito, Investigation, Unit-1, Kolkata, Re- Assessment Proceedings Were Carried Out Alleging That The Income Subject To Tax Has Escaped Assessment & Notice Was Issued On 2

For Appellant: Shri Siddarth Agarwal, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri P.P. Barman, Addl. CIT D/R
Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 144Section 250Section 69A

made to the notices issued u/s 143(2) and 142(1) of the Act and accordingly, the ld. Assessing Officer passed the best judgment assessment order u/s 144 r.w.s. 147 of the Act making further addition of Rs.1.05 Crores for the unexplained money received from M/s. Dharmik Vintrade