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“non-application of mind”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1472,166 judgments

The decision most relied on for non-application of mind is CIT v. Max India Ltd. (295 ITR 282), cited in 1,162 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on non-application of mind

CIT v. Max India Ltd.
295 ITR 282 · 2007 · Supreme Court
1,162
citing judgments

Under Section 263, an assessment order is not erroneous and prejudicial to the interest of the revenue merely because the Principal Commissioner disagrees with the Assessing Officer's (AO) view, particularly if the AO has adopted one of two permissible views in law, unless that view is completely unsustainable. If due inquiries were made, the AO's order does not become erroneous solely because the fact of inquiries was not recorded.

CIT v. Gabriel India Ltd.
203 ITR 108 · 1993 · High Court
990
citing judgments

The Commissioner cannot revise an assessment order under Section 263 merely because they hold a different opinion or believe a deeper inquiry was warranted if the Assessing Officer has applied their mind and conducted some inquiry. Revision under Section 263 is permissible only in cases of a complete lack of inquiry or non-application of mind by the Assessing Officer, not for merely inadequate inquiry.

Dilip N. Shroff v. JCIT
291 ITR 519 · 2007 · Supreme Court
565
citing judgments

A penalty notice issued under Section 271(1)(c) is invalid if the Assessing Officer fails to strike out the inapplicable limb (concealment or furnishing inaccurate particulars) from the standard proforma, indicating non-application of mind. The initial burden of proving concealment or inaccurate particulars rests on the Revenue.

CIT v. Manu Engg
122 ITR 306 · 1980 · High Court
505
citing judgments

When levying a penalty under Section 271(1)(c), the Assessing Officer must clearly specify whether it is for concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars. An ambiguous notice or order using "and/or" for these limbs, or a standard proforma without striking irrelevant clauses, indicates non-application of mind and renders the penalty unsustainable.

CIT v. Shri Samson Perinchery
392 ITR 4 · 2017 · High Court
417
citing judgments

A penalty levied under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act is unsustainable if it is initiated on one limb (e.g., concealment of income) but ultimately levied on the other limb (e.g., furnishing inaccurate particulars). This also applies if the initial penalty notice is vague or ambiguous regarding the specific charge.

CIT v. S. Goyanka Lime & Chemical Ltd.
64 Taxmann.com 313 · 2015 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

A mechanical approval by the prescribed authority under Section 151, made without independent application of mind, vitiates and renders the entire reassessment proceedings invalid. Such approvals, often indicated by brief, unreasoned endorsements, lead to the quashing of the reopening of assessment.

222 Taxman 15 (Gujarat)(MAG.), Principal Commissioner of Income-tax-4 v. G & G Pharma India Ltd.
384 ITR 147 · 2016 · High Court
274
citing judgments

An assessment can be reopened if there is tangible material indicating escapement of income, demonstrating a live link between the material and the reasons recorded for reopening. The Assessing Officer must apply their mind to the material facts, and the sanction under section 151 should not be based on borrowed satisfaction.

CIT v. Mithila Motor's (P.) Ltd.
149 ITR 751 · 1984 · High Court
248
citing judgments

Minor defects or mistakes in a penalty notice issued under Section 274 do not invalidate penalty proceedings under Section 271(1)(c) if the assessee suffers no prejudice and is aware of the charge. However, significant vagueness or ambiguity that demonstrates non-application of mind or causes prejudice can still render the notice invalid.

Judgments citing non-application of mind

Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax, Kota vs. Motion Education Pvt. Ltd., Kota

In the result, the appeals of the revenue stands dismissed, and the

ITA 472/JPR/2025[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Jaipur31 Oct 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: DR. S. SEETHALAKSHMI (Judicial Member), SHRI RATHOD KAMLESH JAYANTBHAI, आयकर अपील सं. / ITA Nos.472 & 455/JP/2025 निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Years : 2017-18 & 2018-19 DCIT, Central Circle, Kota बनाम Vs. Motion Education Limited, 394, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota Private स्थायी लेखा सं. / जीआईआर सं./PAN/GIR No.: AAICM4637L अपीलार्थी / Appellant प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent Motion Limited, CO. Nos.20 & 21/JP/2025 (Arising out of ITA. Nos.472 & 455/JP/2025) निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Years : 2017-18 &

For Appellant: Mrs. Raksha Birla CA (V.C)For Respondent: Mrs. Anita Rinesh, JCIT-DR
Section 153A

that case Hon'ble High Court held as under: "In the case at hand, there is nothing to indicate that there was non-application of mind. Merely because information was received at 5.47 p.m. and the notice was issued by 10:49 p.m. would not mean that there has been ... non-application of mind. If we hold that it would be merely speculative and based on conjecture." This judgment was rendered with reference to approval granted by the CIT for issuing notice u/s 148. However, the ratio of this judgment is applicable on the facts of this case. The appellant

ACIT(E), Lucknow vs. M/S. Bhagwant Institute of Technology, Bijnor

ITA 219/LKW/2020[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Lucknow31 Oct 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Kul Bharat & Shri Nikhil Choudharyआयकर अपील सं/ Ita No.219/Lkw/2020 निर्धारण वर्ष/ Assessment Year: 2013-14 Acit (Exemptions) V. M/S. Bhagwant Institute Of Technology T. C. 46V, 5Th Floor, U.P.S.I.D.C Ltd., Vibhutikhhand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow-226001. Avas Vikas Coloney, Bijnor-243001. Pan:Aaatb4195M अपीलार्थी/(Appellant) प्रत्यर्थी/(Respondent) अपीलार्थी कि और से/Appellant By: Shri R. K. Agarwal Cit(Dr) प्रत्यर्थी कि और से /Respondent By: Shri Vinod Kumar, Ca सुनवाई कि तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 05 08 2025 घोषणा कि तारीख / Date Of Pronouncement: 31 10 2025 आदेश / O R Der Per Kul Bharat.: This Appeal, By The Revenue, Is Directed Against The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Appeals)-Moradabad Dated 17.03.2020, Pertaining To The Assessment Year 2013-14. The Revenue Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal: “1. Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (A) Has Erred In Law & Facts By Allowing The Benefit Of Section 11 Thereby Deleting The Addition Of Rs.2,66,94,072/- In The Form Of Admission & Smart Card Fees, Exam Fee, Fee Receipts, Projects Fees, Uniform Fees, Internet Fees & Book Bank Receipts From The Students Beyond The Prescribed Amount Of Fees As Decided By The Govt. Authorities, Which Clearly Indicates That The Objects Of The Assessee Are Not Charitable; 2. Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (A) Has Erred In Law & Facts In Deleting The Addition/Disallowance Of Rs.37,55,277/- Ignoring The Fact That The Assessee Could Not Substantiate It'S Claim With Documentary Evidences

For Appellant: Shri R. K. Agarwal CIT(DR)For Respondent: Shri Vinod Kumar, CA
Section 11Section 143(2)

आयकर अपीलीय अधिकरण 'ए' न्यायपीठ, लखनऊ। IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL LUCKNOW BENCH “A”, LUCKNOW श्री कुल भारत, उपाध्यक्ष

R. Mangaldas Charitable Trust, Mumbai vs. CIT(Exemption), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of assessee is allowed

ITA 17/MUM/2025[N.A ]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai31 Oct 2025

Bench: Shri Vikram Singh Yadav & Shri Rahul Chaudharyr. Mangaldas Charitable Trust, Cit (Exemptions), A-82, Vishnu Baug, Room No. 601, 137, S.V. Road, Vs. 6Th Floor, Andheri (W), Cumballa Hills, Mumbai-400058. Mtnl Te Building, Pedder Road, Pan : Aaatr0606H Dr.Gopalrao Deshmukh Marg, Cumballa Hill, Mumbai-400026. (Appellant) (Respondent) For Assessee : Mr. Niraj Seth For Revenue : Shri Umashankar Prasad, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing : 01-10-2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 31-10-2025 O R D E R Per Vikram Singh Yadav, A.M : This Is An Appeal Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Exemptions)-Mumbai [„Ld.Cit(E)‟], Dated 19-11-2024, Rejecting The Assessee‟S Application Moved U/S. 80G(5)(Iii) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 („The Act‟).

For Appellant: Mr. Niraj SethFor Respondent: Shri Umashankar Prasad, CIT-DR
Section 11Section 80GSection 80G(5)Section 80G(5)(iii)

application of income as aforesaid outside India. Reading the order dated 24-2-2004, it is very clear that there is 7 non-application of mind. It was necessary for the Commissioner to examine the purpose for satisfying himself that the activities are genuine. It was open ... Board for application of income as aforesaid outside India. Reading the order dated February 24, 2004, it is very clear that there is non-application of mind, it was necessary for the Commissioner to examine the purpose for satisfying himself that the activities are genuine. It was open

Mitra Parivar, Mumbai vs. CIT(Exemption), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of assessee is allowed

ITA 16/MUM/2025[N.A]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai31 Oct 2025

Bench: Shri Vikram Singh Yadav & Shri Rahul Chaudharymitra Parivar, Cit (Exemptions), 301, Maganlal Kala, Room No. 601, Gulmohar Road No.1, Vs. 6Th Floor, Jvpd Extn. Cumballa Hills, Andheri (West), Mtnl Te Building, Pedder Road, Mumbai-400049. Dr.Gopalrao Deshmukh Marg, Pan : Aaatm5059M Cumballa Hill, Mumbai-400026. (Appellant) (Respondent) For Assessee : Mr. Niraj Seth For Revenue : Shri Umashankar Prasad, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing : 01-10-2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 31-10-2025 O R D E R Per Vikram Singh Yadav, A.M : This Is An Appeal Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Exemptions)-Mumbai [„Ld.Cit(E)‟], Dated 19-11-2024, Rejecting The Assessee‟S Application Moved U/S. 80G(5)(Iii) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 („The Act‟).

For Appellant: Mr. Niraj SethFor Respondent: Shri Umashankar Prasad, CIT-DR
Section 11Section 80GSection 80G(5)Section 80G(5)(iii)

Board for application of income as aforesaid outside India. Reading the order dated 24-2-2004, it is very clear that there is non-application of mind. It was necessary for the Commissioner to examine the purpose for satisfying himself that the activities are genuine. It was open ... Board for application of income as aforesaid outside India. Reading the order dated February 24, 2004, it is very clear that there is non-application of mind, it was necessary for the Commissioner to examine the purpose for satisfying himself that the activities are genuine. It was open

The Milestone Aviation Asset Holding Group No.25 Ltd., Ireland vs. ACIT Int. Tax. Circle 3(1)(1) New Delhi, New Delhi

In the result, this issue is decided in favour of the appellant assessees and against the Revenue

ITA 1351/DEL/2025[2022-2023]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi31 Oct 2025AY 2022-2023

Bench: Shri Vikas Awasthy & Shri Avdhesh Kumar Mishraita No.1350/Del./2025, A.Y. 2022-23 Vertical Aviation No. 1 Ltd., Assistant Commissioner Of Dolmen House, 3Rd Floor, Income Tax, 4 Earlsfort Terrace, Vs. Circle Int. Tax. - 3(1)(1), Dublin 2, Ireland Do2E024 Civic Centre, Minto Road, Pan: Aafcv8726N New Delhi-110002 (Appellant) (Respondent) Ita No.1351/Del./2025, A.Y. 2022-23 The Milestone Aviation Assistant Commissioner Of Asset Holding Group No. 25 Income Tax, Ltd., Vs. Circle Int. Tax. - 3(1)(1), Dolmen House, 3Rd Floor, Civic Centre, Minto Road, 4 Earlsfort Terrace, New Delhi-10002 Dublin 2, Ireland D02E024 Pan: Aahct8009N (Appellant) (Respondent) Both Appellant By Sh. Sachit Jolly, Sr. Advocate Ms. Rashi Khanna, Advocate Ms. Viyushti Rawat, Advocate (Vc) Sh. Devansh Jain, Advocate Ms. Disha Jham, Advocate Sh. Soham Dua, Advocate, Sh. Hardeep Singh, Advocate & Sh. A. S. Bajpai, Advocate Both Respondent By Shri Indruj S. Rai, Spl. Counsel, Sh. Sanjeev Menon, Jr. Sc, Sh. Rahul Singh, Jr. Sc, Sh. Gaurav Kumar, Adv. Ms. Rini Handa, Jcit (Intl. Tax) Date Of Hearing 12/09/2025 Date Of Pronouncement 31/10/2025 Common & Identical.

Section 143(3)Section 153Section 194LSection 9(1)(vii)

those cases had been reiterated here though the facts of these cases were different. The Ld. Senior Counsel submitted that this clearly showed non-application of mind at the part of the Ld. AO and the Ld. Dispute Resolution Panel (‘DRP’) as both Authorities had mentioned incorrect facts in their

Vertical Aviation No. 1 Limited, Ireland vs. ACIT Int. Tax. Circle 3(1)(1) New Delhi, New Delhi

In the result, this issue is decided in favour of the appellant assessees and against the Revenue

ITA 1350/DEL/2025[2022-2023]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi31 Oct 2025AY 2022-2023

Bench: Shri Vikas Awasthy & Shri Avdhesh Kumar Mishraita No.1350/Del./2025, A.Y. 2022-23 Vertical Aviation No. 1 Ltd., Assistant Commissioner Of Dolmen House, 3Rd Floor, Income Tax, 4 Earlsfort Terrace, Vs. Circle Int. Tax. - 3(1)(1), Dublin 2, Ireland Do2E024 Civic Centre, Minto Road, Pan: Aafcv8726N New Delhi-110002 (Appellant) (Respondent) Ita No.1351/Del./2025, A.Y. 2022-23 The Milestone Aviation Assistant Commissioner Of Asset Holding Group No. 25 Income Tax, Ltd., Vs. Circle Int. Tax. - 3(1)(1), Dolmen House, 3Rd Floor, Civic Centre, Minto Road, 4 Earlsfort Terrace, New Delhi-10002 Dublin 2, Ireland D02E024 Pan: Aahct8009N (Appellant) (Respondent) Both Appellant By Sh. Sachit Jolly, Sr. Advocate Ms. Rashi Khanna, Advocate Ms. Viyushti Rawat, Advocate (Vc) Sh. Devansh Jain, Advocate Ms. Disha Jham, Advocate Sh. Soham Dua, Advocate, Sh. Hardeep Singh, Advocate & Sh. A. S. Bajpai, Advocate Both Respondent By Shri Indruj S. Rai, Spl. Counsel, Sh. Sanjeev Menon, Jr. Sc, Sh. Rahul Singh, Jr. Sc, Sh. Gaurav Kumar, Adv. Ms. Rini Handa, Jcit (Intl. Tax) Date Of Hearing 12/09/2025 Date Of Pronouncement 31/10/2025 Common & Identical.

Section 143(3)Section 153Section 194LSection 9(1)(vii)

those cases had been reiterated here though the facts of these cases were different. The Ld. Senior Counsel submitted that this clearly showed non-application of mind at the part of the Ld. AO and the Ld. Dispute Resolution Panel (‘DRP’) as both Authorities had mentioned incorrect facts in their