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“borrowed satisfaction”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1471,326 judgments

The decision most relied on for borrowed satisfaction is PCIT v. Meenakshi Overseas Pvt. Ltd. (395 ITR 677), cited in 471 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on borrowed satisfaction

PCIT v. Meenakshi Overseas Pvt. Ltd.
395 ITR 677 · 2017 · High Court
471
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings initiated solely based on an investigation wing/appraisal report, without the Assessing Officer's independent application of mind to form a 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment, are beyond jurisdiction, bad in law, and void ab initio.

394 ITR 146 (Guj.) 2. Varshaben S. Patel v. ITO
338 ITR 51 · 2011 · High Court
295
citing judgments

Reasons for reopening an assessment must be specific and not vague, scanty, or based on borrowed satisfaction. The Assessing Officer must quantify the escaped income.

222 Taxman 15 (Gujarat)(MAG.), Principal Commissioner of Income-tax-4 v. G & G Pharma India Ltd.
384 ITR 147 · 2016 · High Court
274
citing judgments

An assessment can be reopened if there is tangible material indicating escapement of income, demonstrating a live link between the material and the reasons recorded for reopening. The Assessing Officer must apply their mind to the material facts, and the sanction under section 151 should not be based on borrowed satisfaction.

CIT v. SFIL Stock Broking Ltd.
325 ITR 285 · 2010 · High Court
243
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings under Section 147 are invalid and void ab initio if initiated based on 'borrowed satisfaction' without the Assessing Officer's independent application of mind, or merely on documents already available on record without fresh tangible material.

Sarthak Securities Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. ITO
329 ITR 110 · 2010 · High Court
217
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings under Section 147 are invalid if the Assessing Officer records satisfaction based on borrowed satisfaction or information without independently applying their mind and forming their own 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment. The AO must arrive at an independent conclusion, not merely act on a report from an investigation wing without due diligence.

ITO v. Selected Dalurband Coal Co. (P.) Ltd.
217 ITR 597 · 1996 · Supreme Court
180
citing judgments

The Assessing Officer's belief that income has escaped assessment, leading to the reopening of an assessment, is a matter of subjective satisfaction. The materials available at the time of forming this belief do not need to conclusively prove the escapement of income.

CIT v. SPL’s Siddhartha Ltd.
345 ITR 223 · 2012 · High Court
164
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings under Section 147 are invalid if the sanction required under Section 151 is obtained mechanically, without independent application of mind by the sanctioning authority, or is based on borrowed satisfaction.

CIT v. Atul Jain
299 ITR 383 · 2008 · High Court
147
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings under section 147 are not valid if the information relied upon by the Assessing Officer is vague, scanty, and lacks specific details linking it to the assessee's transactions.

Judgments citing borrowed satisfaction

Morpheus Developers Private Limited, Delhi vs. Pr, CIT Delhi-4, Delhi

Appeal is allowed

ITA 1753/DEL/2023[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi20 Aug 2025AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri S. Rifaur Rahman & Shri Anubhav Sharmaassessment Year: 2016-17 Morpheus Developers Private Vs Pr. Cit, Ltd., Delhi-4, 1, Main Road, Delhi. Maujpur, Delhi – 110 053. Pan: Aaicm1972A (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Yudhister Mehtani, Ca Revenue By : Ms Amisha S. Gupt, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing : 05.08.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 20.08.2025 Order Per Anubhav Sharma, Jm: This Appeal Is Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 18.03.2021 Of The Principal Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Hereinafter Referred To As The Ld. Pciit) U/S 263 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred As ‘The Act’) In Revision No.Pcit, Delhi-4/Revision-263/100000183556/2021 Arising Out Of The Order Dated 29.12.2018 Passed U/S 143(3) Of The Act By The Ito, Ward-17(1), Delhi (Hereinafter Referred To As The Ld. Ao). 2. At The Outset, The Ld. Ar Has Pointed Out That There Was A Delay In Filing The Appeal. On Hearing On The Application For Condonation Of Delay, We Find That Primarily For The Reason That There Were Some Issues Pending Before The National Company Law Tribunal Followed By Appeal, There Could Not Be Adequate Representation Of The Assessee. In Fact, In January, 2023, The Greater Noida Authority Had Cancelled The Plot On Which The Company Was Running The Project. Thus, We Are Of The Considered View That The Delay Although Of Substantial Period Of Around 746 Days, Deserves To Be Condoned.

For Appellant: Shri Yudhister Mehtani, CAFor Respondent: Ms Amisha S. Gupt, CIT-DR
Section 143(3)Section 263

manner merely accepting the proposal of the AO. The ld. DR has opposed the same and submitted that it is not a case of borrowed satisfaction and merely on the basis of reproduction of some part of the letter of the AO, it cannot be called a mechanical exercise ... Additional CIT, which fact is also mentioned in para 2 of the order of learned Pr. CIT. Hence, it is a clear case of borrowed satisfaction by the learned Pr. CIT, which is in complete violation of provisions of Section 263 of the Act. In the case before

Viramgam Mahesana Projects Ltd., New Delhi vs. ACIT, New Delhi

In the result, appeal filed by the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 119/DEL/2015[2006-07]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi14 Aug 2025AY 2006-07

Bench: Shris.Rifaur Rahman & Shri Vimal Kumarviramgam Mahesana Project Limited, Vs. Acit, Circle 17(1), E – 9, 3Rd Floor, New Delhi. Ndse Part 2, New Delhi – 110 049. (Pan :Aabcv7027L) (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri K. Sampath, Advocate Shri V. Raja Kumar, Advocate Revenue By : Shri Dayainder Singh Sidhu, Citdr Date Of Hearing : 03.06.2025 Date Of Order : 14.08.2025 Order Per S.Rifaur Rahman: 1. Thisappeal Is Filed By The Assesseeagainst The Order Of Ld. Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Appeals)-19, New Delhi [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Ld. Cit (A)]Dated 22.10.2014For Assessment Year 2006-07 Raising Following Grounds Of Appeal :- “1 That On The Facts & Circumstances Of The Case & In Law, The Ld. Cit(A) Has Erred In Confirming The Initiation Of The Reassessment Proceedings, U/S 148 Of The Income Tax Act & Also Failed To Appreciate That Neither The Mandatory Requirements Of Section 148 Of The Income Tax Act Nor The Pre-Conditions For Invoking The Provisions

For Appellant: Shri K. Sampath, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Dayainder Singh Sidhu, CITDR
Section 143(3)Section 147Section 148Section 234

Indian Railways itself. The assessment has thus been re-opened without any examination or application of mind and is based wholly on a borrowed satisfaction and being so is unsustainable in law, particularly in view of the judgement of Delhi High Court Tansworld International Inc. vs. JCIT ... para 24). 5 Any satisfaction recorded u/s 147 of the Act on the basis of a borrowed satisfaction is untenable in law. Authorities on this point are the jurisdictional High Court decisions in – a. Pro CIT vs. Meenakshi Overseas P. Ltd. (2017) 395 ITR 677 (Del) b. Sarthak Securities