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“tangible material”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1472,812 judgments

The decision most relied on for tangible material is CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd. (320 ITR 561), cited in 1,673 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on tangible material

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
320 ITR 561 · 2010 · Supreme Court
1,673
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot initiate reassessment proceedings under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act based on a mere change of opinion. Reassessment is permissible only when there is fresh tangible material leading to the belief of income escapement, not merely a review of existing facts.

ACIT v. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd.
291 ITR 500 · 2007 · Supreme Court
1,030
citing judgments

For initiating reassessment proceedings under Section 147, the Assessing Officer needs only prima facie material providing a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or the sufficiency/correctness of the material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice under Section 148.

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
256 ITR 1 · 2002 · High Court
439
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot reopen an assessment under Section 147 based on a mere change of opinion regarding the same material available during the original assessment. Reopening requires fresh, tangible material or information that leads to a reason to believe income has escaped assessment.

CIT v. Orient Craft Ltd.
354 ITR 536 · 2013 · High Court
366
citing judgments

Reassessment of income, especially after a summary assessment under Section 143(1), requires the Assessing Officer to possess fresh, tangible material to form a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment; a mere reappraisal of existing records or a change of opinion without new material is not permissible.

222 Taxman 15 (Gujarat)(MAG.), Principal Commissioner of Income-tax-4 v. G & G Pharma India Ltd.
384 ITR 147 · 2016 · High Court
274
citing judgments

An assessment can be reopened if there is tangible material indicating escapement of income, demonstrating a live link between the material and the reasons recorded for reopening. The Assessing Officer must apply their mind to the material facts, and the sanction under section 151 should not be based on borrowed satisfaction.

PCIT v. RMG Polyvinyl (I) Ltd.
396 ITR 5 · 2017 · High Court
272
citing judgments

Reassessment based solely on information from the Investigation Wing, without the Assessing Officer conducting further inquiry or demonstrating an independent application of mind, is unjustified and invalid.

CIT v. Foramer France
264 ITR 566 · 2003 · Supreme Court
253
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings initiated under Section 147 beyond four years from the end of the relevant assessment year are invalid unless the assessee failed to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment. Without such failure, the notice issued under Section 148 is time-barred and without jurisdiction.

Haryana Acrylic Manufacturing Company v. CIT
308 ITR 38 · 2009 · High Court
248
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings are invalid if the reasons recorded for initiating action under section 148 are not served on the assessee within the limitation period prescribed by section 149. Furthermore, reassessment cannot be based on a mere change of opinion without tangible material, particularly when the assessee has made a full and true disclosure of material facts.

Judgments citing tangible material

Sama Narasimha Reddy and Sama Saraswathi Reddy Gardens, Hyderabad vs. DCIT., Central Circle-1(2), Hyderabad

In the result, appeals filed by the assessee for AY 2011-12 to AY

ITA 1335/HYD/2025[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad20 Feb 2026AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao & Shri Manjunatha G.आ.अपी.सं /Ita No.1332, 1333, 1334 &1335/Hyd/2025 ("नधा"रण वष"/A.Ys. 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Sama Narasimha Reddy & Vs. Dcit, Sama Saraswathi Reddy Central Circle-1(2), Gardens, Hyderabad. Hyderabad. Pan: Aajfs7086H (Appellant) (Respondent) "नधा"रती "वारा/Assessee By: Shri P. Murali Mohan Rao, Ca राज" व "वारा/Revenue By: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Sr. Ar सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of 16/02/2026 Hearing: घोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of 20/02/2026 Pronouncement: आदेश / Order Per. Manjunatha G., A.M: The Captioned Appeals Filed By The Assessee Are Directed Against The Separate Orders Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) [Learned Cit(A)]-12, Hyderabad, Dated 15/07/2025, Pertaining To Assessment Year (“A.Y”) 2011-12 & A.Y 2012-13 Respectively & Learned Cit(A)’S Orders Dated 04/07/2025, Pertaining To A.Y. 2013-14 & A.Y. 2014-15 Respectively. Since The Facts Are Identical & Issues Are Common, For The Sake Of Convenience, These Appeals Are Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Consolidated Order.

For Appellant: Shri P. Murali Mohan Rao, CAFor Respondent: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Sr. AR
Section 133ASection 145Section 147Section 148Section 148(2)Section 250

evidence. 3. The Learned CIT(A) ought to have fairly and judiciously appreciated the fact that the reopening was based on mere suspicion without tangible material, violating the conditions u/s 147 of the Act. 4. The Learned CIT(A) failed to appreciate the fact that the AO had failed

Sama Narasimha Reddy and Sama Saraswathi Reddy Gardens, Hyderabad vs. DCIT., Central Circle-1(2), Hyderabad

In the result, appeals filed by the assessee for AY 2011-12 to AY

ITA 1334/HYD/2025[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad20 Feb 2026AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao & Shri Manjunatha G.आ.अपी.सं /Ita No.1332, 1333, 1334 &1335/Hyd/2025 ("नधा"रण वष"/A.Ys. 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Sama Narasimha Reddy & Vs. Dcit, Sama Saraswathi Reddy Central Circle-1(2), Gardens, Hyderabad. Hyderabad. Pan: Aajfs7086H (Appellant) (Respondent) "नधा"रती "वारा/Assessee By: Shri P. Murali Mohan Rao, Ca राज" व "वारा/Revenue By: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Sr. Ar सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of 16/02/2026 Hearing: घोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of 20/02/2026 Pronouncement: आदेश / Order Per. Manjunatha G., A.M: The Captioned Appeals Filed By The Assessee Are Directed Against The Separate Orders Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) [Learned Cit(A)]-12, Hyderabad, Dated 15/07/2025, Pertaining To Assessment Year (“A.Y”) 2011-12 & A.Y 2012-13 Respectively & Learned Cit(A)’S Orders Dated 04/07/2025, Pertaining To A.Y. 2013-14 & A.Y. 2014-15 Respectively. Since The Facts Are Identical & Issues Are Common, For The Sake Of Convenience, These Appeals Are Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Consolidated Order.

For Appellant: Shri P. Murali Mohan Rao, CAFor Respondent: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Sr. AR
Section 133ASection 145Section 147Section 148Section 148(2)Section 250

evidence. 3. The Learned CIT(A) ought to have fairly and judiciously appreciated the fact that the reopening was based on mere suspicion without tangible material, violating the conditions u/s 147 of the Act. 4. The Learned CIT(A) failed to appreciate the fact that the AO had failed

Sama Narasimha Reddy and Sama Saraswathi Reddy Gardens, Hyderabad vs. DCIT., Central Circle-1(2), Hyderabad

In the result, appeals filed by the assessee for AY 2011-12 to AY

ITA 1333/HYD/2025[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad20 Feb 2026AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao & Shri Manjunatha G.आ.अपी.सं /Ita No.1332, 1333, 1334 &1335/Hyd/2025 ("नधा"रण वष"/A.Ys. 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Sama Narasimha Reddy & Vs. Dcit, Sama Saraswathi Reddy Central Circle-1(2), Gardens, Hyderabad. Hyderabad. Pan: Aajfs7086H (Appellant) (Respondent) "नधा"रती "वारा/Assessee By: Shri P. Murali Mohan Rao, Ca राज" व "वारा/Revenue By: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Sr. Ar सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of 16/02/2026 Hearing: घोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of 20/02/2026 Pronouncement: आदेश / Order Per. Manjunatha G., A.M: The Captioned Appeals Filed By The Assessee Are Directed Against The Separate Orders Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) [Learned Cit(A)]-12, Hyderabad, Dated 15/07/2025, Pertaining To Assessment Year (“A.Y”) 2011-12 & A.Y 2012-13 Respectively & Learned Cit(A)’S Orders Dated 04/07/2025, Pertaining To A.Y. 2013-14 & A.Y. 2014-15 Respectively. Since The Facts Are Identical & Issues Are Common, For The Sake Of Convenience, These Appeals Are Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Consolidated Order.

For Appellant: Shri P. Murali Mohan Rao, CAFor Respondent: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Sr. AR
Section 133ASection 145Section 147Section 148Section 148(2)Section 250

evidence. 3. The Learned CIT(A) ought to have fairly and judiciously appreciated the fact that the reopening was based on mere suspicion without tangible material, violating the conditions u/s 147 of the Act. 4. The Learned CIT(A) failed to appreciate the fact that the AO had failed

Sama Narasimha Reddy and Sama Saraswathi Reddy Gardens, Hyderabad vs. DCIT., Central Circle-1(2), Hyderabad

In the result, appeals filed by the assessee for AY 2011-12 to AY

ITA 1332/HYD/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad20 Feb 2026AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao & Shri Manjunatha G.आ.अपी.सं /Ita No.1332, 1333, 1334 &1335/Hyd/2025 ("नधा"रण वष"/A.Ys. 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Sama Narasimha Reddy & Vs. Dcit, Sama Saraswathi Reddy Central Circle-1(2), Gardens, Hyderabad. Hyderabad. Pan: Aajfs7086H (Appellant) (Respondent) "नधा"रती "वारा/Assessee By: Shri P. Murali Mohan Rao, Ca राज" व "वारा/Revenue By: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Sr. Ar सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of 16/02/2026 Hearing: घोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of 20/02/2026 Pronouncement: आदेश / Order Per. Manjunatha G., A.M: The Captioned Appeals Filed By The Assessee Are Directed Against The Separate Orders Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) [Learned Cit(A)]-12, Hyderabad, Dated 15/07/2025, Pertaining To Assessment Year (“A.Y”) 2011-12 & A.Y 2012-13 Respectively & Learned Cit(A)’S Orders Dated 04/07/2025, Pertaining To A.Y. 2013-14 & A.Y. 2014-15 Respectively. Since The Facts Are Identical & Issues Are Common, For The Sake Of Convenience, These Appeals Are Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Consolidated Order.

For Appellant: Shri P. Murali Mohan Rao, CAFor Respondent: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Sr. AR
Section 133ASection 145Section 147Section 148Section 148(2)Section 250

evidence. 3. The Learned CIT(A) ought to have fairly and judiciously appreciated the fact that the reopening was based on mere suspicion without tangible material, violating the conditions u/s 147 of the Act. 4. The Learned CIT(A) failed to appreciate the fact that the AO had failed