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“reason to believe”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1474,202 judgments

The decision most relied on for reason to believe is CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd. (320 ITR 561), cited in 1,673 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on reason to believe

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
320 ITR 561 · 2010 · Supreme Court
1,673
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot initiate reassessment proceedings under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act based on a mere change of opinion. Reassessment is permissible only when there is fresh tangible material leading to the belief of income escapement, not merely a review of existing facts.

CIT v. Durga Prasad More
82 ITR 540 · 1971 · Supreme Court
1,579
citing judgments

Tax authorities must judge evidence using the test of human probabilities and consider the apparent as real until there are reasons to believe it is not. They can rely on circumstantial evidence and the preponderance of probabilities to determine the genuineness of transactions.

ACIT v. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd.
291 ITR 500 · 2007 · Supreme Court
1,030
citing judgments

For initiating reassessment proceedings under Section 147, the Assessing Officer needs only prima facie material providing a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or the sufficiency/correctness of the material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice under Section 148.

Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd. v. ITO
236 ITR 34 · 1999 · Supreme Court
862
citing judgments

For reassessment proceedings under Section 148, the Assessing Officer only needs prima facie material to have a reason to believe income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or evaluation of the sufficiency and correctness of such material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice.

ITO v. Lakhmani Mewal Das
103 ITR 437 · 1976 · Supreme Court
721
citing judgments

For reassessment proceedings, the 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment must be based on some material and not mere suspicion, establishing a live link between the information and the belief. Furthermore, for reassessment beyond four years, there must be a specific finding of the assessee's failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts.

CIT v. Jet Airways (I) Ltd.
331 ITR 236 · 2011 · High Court
694
citing judgments

The Assessing Officer loses jurisdiction and the entire reassessment becomes invalid if no addition is made in respect of the income that formed the basis of the reopening. Explanation 3 to Section 147 does not permit assessing other escaped income unless an addition is made for the original income forming the reason to believe.

PCIT v. Meenakshi Overseas Pvt. Ltd.
395 ITR 677 · 2017 · High Court
471
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings initiated solely based on an investigation wing/appraisal report, without the Assessing Officer's independent application of mind to form a 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment, are beyond jurisdiction, bad in law, and void ab initio.

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
256 ITR 1 · 2002 · High Court
439
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot reopen an assessment under Section 147 based on a mere change of opinion regarding the same material available during the original assessment. Reopening requires fresh, tangible material or information that leads to a reason to believe income has escaped assessment.

Judgments citing reason to believe

Shri Vinod Sharma, New Delhi vs. ACIT, Circle, Shimla

In the result, Assessee’s appeal is partly allowed

ITA 1340/CHANDI/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh06 Aug 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita No. 1340/Chd/2019 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2015-16 Vinod Sharma, Acit, बनाम B-1/3, Safdarjang Enclave, Circle, New Delhi-110029. Shimla. Vs. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Abkps1560N अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent ( Hybrid Hearing) "नधा"रती क" ओर से/Assessee By : Shri. Vishal Mohan, Sr. Advocate With Shri Abhinav, Advocate (Virtual Mode) राज"व क" ओर से/ Revenue By : Dr. Ranjit Kaur, Addl. Cit, Sr.Dr सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of Hearing : 14-05-2025 उदघोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of Pronouncement : 06- 08-2025 आदेश/Order Per Krinwant Sahay, Am: Appeal In This Case Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 16-08-2019 Of Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), Shimla H.P. [ Herein Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’]

For Appellant: Shri. Vishal Mohan, Sr. Advocate with Shri Abhinav, Advocate (Virtual mode)For Respondent: Dr. Ranjit Kaur, Addl. CIT, Sr.DR
Section 10Section 10(13)Section 54F

before the Assessing Officer nor before the Ld. CIT(A) and not even during the proceedings before the Tribunal. Therefore, there is no reason to believe the claim of the Assessee. Accordingly, under such circumstances, we find that the findings given by the Ld. CIT(A) on this issue

Shri Dinesh Sethi, Ludhiana vs. ITO, Ludhiana

The appeals are dismissed

ITA 338/CHANDI/2017[2006-07]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh04 Aug 2025AY 2006-07

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwalआयकर अपील सं./ Ita No. 376/Chd/2014 & "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2006-07 Shri Janesh Sethi, Legal Heir Of बनाम The Ito, Late Shri Dinesh Sethi, Ward – 1(1), Vs Prop. M/S R.S. Trading Corp., Ludhiana. C-434, Urban Estate Focal Point, Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan /Tan No: Aaqpk1200Q अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent "नधा"रती क" ओर से/Assessee By : Shri Sudhir Sehgal, Advocate राज"व क" ओर से/ Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr तार"ख/Date Of Hearing : 23.06.2025 उदघोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of Pronouncement : 04.8.2025

For Appellant: Shri Sudhir Sehgal, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Manav Bansal, CIT DR
Section 131Section 142(1)Section 144Section 147Section 148Section 271(1)(c)Section 69A

required to have in his possession certain material or information on the basis of which he could prima-facie have reason to believe that income escaped assessment. The Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the case of Rattan Gupta Vs. CIT 234 ITR 2 20, observed as under:- "At this ... valid basis on the basis of information available at the time of initiating action u/s 147/148 of the Act to have prima-facie reason to believe that such income escaped assessment. The information received by the A.O., as mentioned above, could very well make him prima-facie have such reason

Sh. Dinesh Sethi, Ludhiana vs. ITO, Ludhiana

The appeals are dismissed

ITA 376/CHANDI/2014[2006-07]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh04 Aug 2025AY 2006-07

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwalआयकर अपील सं./ Ita No. 376/Chd/2014 & "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2006-07 Shri Janesh Sethi, Legal Heir Of बनाम The Ito, Late Shri Dinesh Sethi, Ward – 1(1), Vs Prop. M/S R.S. Trading Corp., Ludhiana. C-434, Urban Estate Focal Point, Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan /Tan No: Aaqpk1200Q अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent "नधा"रती क" ओर से/Assessee By : Shri Sudhir Sehgal, Advocate राज"व क" ओर से/ Revenue By : Shri Manav Bansal, Cit Dr तार"ख/Date Of Hearing : 23.06.2025 उदघोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of Pronouncement : 04.8.2025

For Appellant: Shri Sudhir Sehgal, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Manav Bansal, CIT DR
Section 131Section 142(1)Section 144Section 147Section 148Section 271(1)(c)Section 69A

required to have in his possession certain material or information on the basis of which he could prima-facie have reason to believe that income escaped assessment. The Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the case of Rattan Gupta Vs. CIT 234 ITR 2 20, observed as under:- "At this ... valid basis on the basis of information available at the time of initiating action u/s 147/148 of the Act to have prima-facie reason to believe that such income escaped assessment. The information received by the A.O., as mentioned above, could very well make him prima-facie have such reason

Omkar Ramchandra Velhal, Kolhapur vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward 1(1), Kolhapur

In the result, appeal of the assessee is Partly Allowed

ITA 672/PUN/2025[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Pune31 Jul 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri Vinay Bhamore & Dr.Dipak P. Ripoteआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.672/Pun/2025 निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Year: 2015-16 Omkar Ramchandra Velhal, V The Income Tax Officer, Plot No.183/3, Omkar Near S Ward-1(1), Kolhapur. Ganga Hospital, A Ward Dudhali, Kolhapur – 416012. Maharashtra. Pan: Asipv6553D Appellant/ Assessee Respondent / Revenue Assessee By Revenue By Date Of Hearing None Shri Aknath Abhang – Addl.Cit(Dr) 23/07/2025 Date Of Pronouncement 31/07/2025 आदेश/ Order Per Dr. Dipak P. Ripote, Am: This Is An Appeal Filed By Assessee Against The Order Of Ld.Commissioner Of Income Tax(Appeal)[Nfac], Passed Under Section 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 For The A.Y.2015-16 Dated 21.01.2025, Emanating From Order U/S.147 Read With Section 144B Of The Income Tax Act, 1961, Dated 31.01.2023. The Assessee Has Raised Following Grounds Of Appeal :

Section 144BSection 147Section 148Section 148ASection 149Section 149(1)(b)Section 250Section 68

assessment for A.Y.2015-16. The relevant paragraph 6 and 7 of the order us/.148A(d) are reproduced here as under : “6. I have therefore reason to believe that income to the extent of Rs.1,30,00,000/- has escaped assessment for A.Y.2015-16, within the meaning of sec. 147 read with provision ... Based on the above referred chart which was available on Insight Portal, the ITO-Ward-1(1), Kolhapur concluded that he has reason to believe that income to the extent of Rs.1,30,00,000/- has escaped assessment. 11.1 The said order u/s.148A(d) has been approved by Pr.Chief Commissioner