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“reason to believe”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1474,202 judgments

The decision most relied on for reason to believe is CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd. (320 ITR 561), cited in 1,673 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on reason to believe

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
320 ITR 561 · 2010 · Supreme Court
1,673
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot initiate reassessment proceedings under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act based on a mere change of opinion. Reassessment is permissible only when there is fresh tangible material leading to the belief of income escapement, not merely a review of existing facts.

CIT v. Durga Prasad More
82 ITR 540 · 1971 · Supreme Court
1,579
citing judgments

Tax authorities must judge evidence using the test of human probabilities and consider the apparent as real until there are reasons to believe it is not. They can rely on circumstantial evidence and the preponderance of probabilities to determine the genuineness of transactions.

ACIT v. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd.
291 ITR 500 · 2007 · Supreme Court
1,030
citing judgments

For initiating reassessment proceedings under Section 147, the Assessing Officer needs only prima facie material providing a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or the sufficiency/correctness of the material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice under Section 148.

Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd. v. ITO
236 ITR 34 · 1999 · Supreme Court
862
citing judgments

For reassessment proceedings under Section 148, the Assessing Officer only needs prima facie material to have a reason to believe income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or evaluation of the sufficiency and correctness of such material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice.

ITO v. Lakhmani Mewal Das
103 ITR 437 · 1976 · Supreme Court
721
citing judgments

For reassessment proceedings, the 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment must be based on some material and not mere suspicion, establishing a live link between the information and the belief. Furthermore, for reassessment beyond four years, there must be a specific finding of the assessee's failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts.

CIT v. Jet Airways (I) Ltd.
331 ITR 236 · 2011 · High Court
694
citing judgments

The Assessing Officer loses jurisdiction and the entire reassessment becomes invalid if no addition is made in respect of the income that formed the basis of the reopening. Explanation 3 to Section 147 does not permit assessing other escaped income unless an addition is made for the original income forming the reason to believe.

PCIT v. Meenakshi Overseas Pvt. Ltd.
395 ITR 677 · 2017 · High Court
471
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings initiated solely based on an investigation wing/appraisal report, without the Assessing Officer's independent application of mind to form a 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment, are beyond jurisdiction, bad in law, and void ab initio.

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
256 ITR 1 · 2002 · High Court
439
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot reopen an assessment under Section 147 based on a mere change of opinion regarding the same material available during the original assessment. Reopening requires fresh, tangible material or information that leads to a reason to believe income has escaped assessment.

Judgments citing reason to believe

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-3, Surat vs. Massimo Enterprise, Surat

In the result, appeal of Revenue is dismissed and additional ground raised by the assessee is also dismissed

ITA 1111/SRT/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Surat22 Aug 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Ms. Suchitra Raghunath Kamble & Shri Bijayananda Prusethआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1107 & 1108/Srt/2024 Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 (Hybrid Hearing) Assistant Commissioner Of Jignesh Mahesh Amin बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- 418, Royal Trading Tower, Nr. Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar Ratan Cinema, Salabatpura, Surat- Bhawan, Majura Gate, 395 003 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aajpa 2349 H (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1109/Srt/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 Assistant Commissioner Of Anupa Jignesh Amin बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- B-19, Ashirwad Residency Near Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar China Gate, City Light, Surat-395 Bhawan, Majura Gate, 017 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Acspa 6502 F (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1111/Srt/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 (Hybrid Hearing) Assistant Commissioner Of Massimo Enterprise बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- Fp No.139, Orleaans, Near Sosyo Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar Circle, Udhna Magdalla Road, Bhawan, Majura Gate, Surat-395 007 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aavfm 0143 M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent)

Section 250Section 68

Supreme Court in case of ACIT vs. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd., 291 ITR 500 (SC) held that the expression “reason to believe” would mean cause or justification and cannot be read to mean that the AO should have finally ascertained the fact by legal evidence or conclusion. Whether

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-3, Surat vs. Anupa Jignesh Amin, Surat

In the result, appeal of Revenue is dismissed and additional ground raised by the assessee is also dismissed

ITA 1109/SRT/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Surat22 Aug 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Ms. Suchitra Raghunath Kamble & Shri Bijayananda Prusethआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1107 & 1108/Srt/2024 Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 (Hybrid Hearing) Assistant Commissioner Of Jignesh Mahesh Amin बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- 418, Royal Trading Tower, Nr. Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar Ratan Cinema, Salabatpura, Surat- Bhawan, Majura Gate, 395 003 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aajpa 2349 H (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1109/Srt/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 Assistant Commissioner Of Anupa Jignesh Amin बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- B-19, Ashirwad Residency Near Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar China Gate, City Light, Surat-395 Bhawan, Majura Gate, 017 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Acspa 6502 F (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1111/Srt/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 (Hybrid Hearing) Assistant Commissioner Of Massimo Enterprise बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- Fp No.139, Orleaans, Near Sosyo Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar Circle, Udhna Magdalla Road, Bhawan, Majura Gate, Surat-395 007 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aavfm 0143 M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent)

Section 250Section 68

Supreme Court in case of ACIT vs. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd., 291 ITR 500 (SC) held that the expression “reason to believe” would mean cause or justification and cannot be read to mean that the AO should have finally ascertained the fact by legal evidence or conclusion. Whether

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-3, Surat vs. Jignesh Mahesh Amin, Surat

In the result, appeal of Revenue is dismissed and additional ground raised by the assessee is also dismissed

ITA 1108/SRT/2024[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Surat22 Aug 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Ms. Suchitra Raghunath Kamble & Shri Bijayananda Prusethआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1107 & 1108/Srt/2024 Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 (Hybrid Hearing) Assistant Commissioner Of Jignesh Mahesh Amin बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- 418, Royal Trading Tower, Nr. Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar Ratan Cinema, Salabatpura, Surat- Bhawan, Majura Gate, 395 003 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aajpa 2349 H (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1109/Srt/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 Assistant Commissioner Of Anupa Jignesh Amin बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- B-19, Ashirwad Residency Near Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar China Gate, City Light, Surat-395 Bhawan, Majura Gate, 017 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Acspa 6502 F (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1111/Srt/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 (Hybrid Hearing) Assistant Commissioner Of Massimo Enterprise बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- Fp No.139, Orleaans, Near Sosyo Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar Circle, Udhna Magdalla Road, Bhawan, Majura Gate, Surat-395 007 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aavfm 0143 M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent)

Section 250Section 68

Supreme Court in case of ACIT vs. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd., 291 ITR 500 (SC) held that the expression “reason to believe” would mean cause or justification and cannot be read to mean that the AO should have finally ascertained the fact by legal evidence or conclusion. Whether

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-3, Surat vs. Jignesh Mahesh Amin, Surat

In the result, appeal of Revenue is dismissed and additional ground raised by the assessee is also dismissed

ITA 1107/SRT/2024[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Surat22 Aug 2025AY 2014-15

Bench: Ms. Suchitra Raghunath Kamble & Shri Bijayananda Prusethआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1107 & 1108/Srt/2024 Assessment Years: 2014-15 & 2015-16 (Hybrid Hearing) Assistant Commissioner Of Jignesh Mahesh Amin बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- 418, Royal Trading Tower, Nr. Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar Ratan Cinema, Salabatpura, Surat- Bhawan, Majura Gate, 395 003 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aajpa 2349 H (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1109/Srt/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 Assistant Commissioner Of Anupa Jignesh Amin बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- B-19, Ashirwad Residency Near Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar China Gate, City Light, Surat-395 Bhawan, Majura Gate, 017 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Acspa 6502 F (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1111/Srt/2024 Assessment Year: 2013-14 (Hybrid Hearing) Assistant Commissioner Of Massimo Enterprise बनाम/ Income-Tax, Central Circle- Fp No.139, Orleaans, Near Sosyo Vs. 3, Surat, 5Th Floor, Aayakar Circle, Udhna Magdalla Road, Bhawan, Majura Gate, Surat-395 007 Surat-395 001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aavfm 0143 M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent)

Section 250Section 68

Supreme Court in case of ACIT vs. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd., 291 ITR 500 (SC) held that the expression “reason to believe” would mean cause or justification and cannot be read to mean that the AO should have finally ascertained the fact by legal evidence or conclusion. Whether

Erothi Purnima Rani, Visakhapatnam vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-4(1), Visakhapatnam

In the result, appeal filed by the assessee is allowed

ITA 185/VIZ/2023[2009-10]Status: DisposedITAT Visakhapatnam22 Aug 2025AY 2009-10

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood, Hon’Ble & Shri S Balakrishnan, Hon’Bleआईटीए. नं. / Ita No. 184/Viz/2023 निर्धारण वर्ा/ Assessment Year:2009-10) Erothi Latha Rani V. Income Tax Officer – Ward – 4(1) D.No. 34-10-1/B Income Tax Office Daya’S Street, Gnanapuram Pratyakshakar Bhavan Visakhapatnam – 530004 M.V.P. Double Road Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam – 530017 Andhra Pradesh [Pan:Aavpe7676H] (अपीलार्थी/ Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी/ Respondent) आईटीए. नं. / Ita No. 185/Viz/2023 निर्धारण वर्ा/ Assessment Year:2009-10) Erothi Purnima Rani V. Income Tax Officer – Ward – 4(1) D.No. 34-10-1/B Income Tax Office Daya’S Street, Gnanapuram Pratyakshakar Bhavan Visakhapatnam – 530004 M.V.P. Double Road Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam – 530017 Andhra Pradesh [Pan:Aavpe7311H] (अपीलार्थी/ Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी/ Respondent) करदाता का प्रतततितित्व/ Assessee Represented By : Smt A. Aruna, Advocate राजस्व का प्रतततितित्व/ Department Represented By : Dr. Aparna Villuri, Sr.Ar

Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 147Section 148

cash deposits made in her Axis Bank Account during the F.Y. 2008-09. Therefore, Ld. Assessing Officer [hereinafter in short “Ld.AO"] had reason to believe that the income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment within the meaning of section 147 of Income Tax Act, 1961 (in short ‘Act’). Thereafter proceeded

Erothi Latha Rani, Visakhapatnam vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-4(1), Visakhapatnam

In the result, appeal filed by the assessee is allowed

ITA 184/VIZ/2023[2009-10]Status: DisposedITAT Visakhapatnam22 Aug 2025AY 2009-10

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood, Hon’Ble & Shri S Balakrishnan, Hon’Bleआईटीए. नं. / Ita No. 184/Viz/2023 निर्धारण वर्ा/ Assessment Year:2009-10) Erothi Latha Rani V. Income Tax Officer – Ward – 4(1) D.No. 34-10-1/B Income Tax Office Daya’S Street, Gnanapuram Pratyakshakar Bhavan Visakhapatnam – 530004 M.V.P. Double Road Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam – 530017 Andhra Pradesh [Pan:Aavpe7676H] (अपीलार्थी/ Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी/ Respondent) आईटीए. नं. / Ita No. 185/Viz/2023 निर्धारण वर्ा/ Assessment Year:2009-10) Erothi Purnima Rani V. Income Tax Officer – Ward – 4(1) D.No. 34-10-1/B Income Tax Office Daya’S Street, Gnanapuram Pratyakshakar Bhavan Visakhapatnam – 530004 M.V.P. Double Road Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam – 530017 Andhra Pradesh [Pan:Aavpe7311H] (अपीलार्थी/ Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी/ Respondent) करदाता का प्रतततितित्व/ Assessee Represented By : Smt A. Aruna, Advocate राजस्व का प्रतततितित्व/ Department Represented By : Dr. Aparna Villuri, Sr.Ar

Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 147Section 148

cash deposits made in her Axis Bank Account during the F.Y. 2008-09. Therefore, Ld. Assessing Officer [hereinafter in short “Ld.AO"] had reason to believe that the income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment within the meaning of section 147 of Income Tax Act, 1961 (in short ‘Act’). Thereafter proceeded