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“reason to believe”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1474,202 judgments

The decision most relied on for reason to believe is CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd. (320 ITR 561), cited in 1,673 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on reason to believe

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
320 ITR 561 · 2010 · Supreme Court
1,673
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot initiate reassessment proceedings under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act based on a mere change of opinion. Reassessment is permissible only when there is fresh tangible material leading to the belief of income escapement, not merely a review of existing facts.

CIT v. Durga Prasad More
82 ITR 540 · 1971 · Supreme Court
1,579
citing judgments

Tax authorities must judge evidence using the test of human probabilities and consider the apparent as real until there are reasons to believe it is not. They can rely on circumstantial evidence and the preponderance of probabilities to determine the genuineness of transactions.

ACIT v. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd.
291 ITR 500 · 2007 · Supreme Court
1,030
citing judgments

For initiating reassessment proceedings under Section 147, the Assessing Officer needs only prima facie material providing a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or the sufficiency/correctness of the material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice under Section 148.

Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd. v. ITO
236 ITR 34 · 1999 · Supreme Court
862
citing judgments

For reassessment proceedings under Section 148, the Assessing Officer only needs prima facie material to have a reason to believe income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or evaluation of the sufficiency and correctness of such material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice.

ITO v. Lakhmani Mewal Das
103 ITR 437 · 1976 · Supreme Court
721
citing judgments

For reassessment proceedings, the 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment must be based on some material and not mere suspicion, establishing a live link between the information and the belief. Furthermore, for reassessment beyond four years, there must be a specific finding of the assessee's failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts.

CIT v. Jet Airways (I) Ltd.
331 ITR 236 · 2011 · High Court
694
citing judgments

The Assessing Officer loses jurisdiction and the entire reassessment becomes invalid if no addition is made in respect of the income that formed the basis of the reopening. Explanation 3 to Section 147 does not permit assessing other escaped income unless an addition is made for the original income forming the reason to believe.

PCIT v. Meenakshi Overseas Pvt. Ltd.
395 ITR 677 · 2017 · High Court
471
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings initiated solely based on an investigation wing/appraisal report, without the Assessing Officer's independent application of mind to form a 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment, are beyond jurisdiction, bad in law, and void ab initio.

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
256 ITR 1 · 2002 · High Court
439
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot reopen an assessment under Section 147 based on a mere change of opinion regarding the same material available during the original assessment. Reopening requires fresh, tangible material or information that leads to a reason to believe income has escaped assessment.

Judgments citing reason to believe

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax (Central), Bilaspur vs. M/S Jagannathdas Harichandmal Jewellers Pvt. Ltd, Raigarh

In the result appeal of revenue is partly allowed in terms of our observations herein above

ITA 106/RPR/2022[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur22 Sept 2023AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood, Jm & Shri Arun Khodpia, Am आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.106/Rpr/2022 िनधा"रण वष" /Assessment Year: 2012-13 The Assistant Commissioner Of Vs M/S. Jagannathdas Harichandmal Income Tax (Central), Bilaspur Jewellers Pvt. Ltd. Sadar Bazar, Raigarh (C.G.) Pan: Aaccj2840G (अपीलाथ" /Appellant) (""यथ" / Respondent) .. िनधा"रती क" ओर से /Assessee By : Shri Sunil Kumar Agrawal, Ca राज"व क" ओर से /Revenue By : Shri Choudhary N.C. Roy, Sr. Dr सुनवाई क" तार"ख / Date Of Hearing : 14/07/2023 घोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of Pronouncement : 22/09/2023 आदेश / O R D E R Per Arun Khodpia, Am : The Captioned Appeal Is Filed By The Revenue Against The Order Passed By The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-3, Bhopal, Dated 16.03.2022 Which In Turn Arises From The Order By Ld. Assessing Officer U/S 143(3) R.W.S. 147 Dated 30.12.2018 For A.Y.2012-13. The Grounds Of The Appeal Raised By The Revenue Are As Under: “ 1. Whether On The Fact & In The Circumstances Of The Case In Law, While Holding Assessment Passed U/S 147 R.W.S. 143(3) Of Act As Invalid & Void-Ab-Initio, The Ld. Cit(A) Completely Ignored The Fact That During The Course Of Survey, The Assessee Failed To Discharge Its Burden In Establishing 'The Identity, Creditworthiness & Genuineness Of The Transactions As Required U/S 68 Of The Income Tac Act. Ld. Cit(A) Erred In Ignoring That Reassessment Proceeding Are Based On Fresh Facts/Information Rather Than Change Of Opinion. 2. Whether On The Fact & In The Circumstances Of The Case In Law, The Ld.Cit(A) Erred In Ignoring That Confirmation Of Concealment Of Income/Disclosure Made In Statement Recorded During Survey U/S 133A Of Act Is An Information, Though Not Conclusive, Which May Be Used In Regular Assessment Or Reassessment Proceedings.

For Appellant: Shri Sunil Kumar Agrawal, CAFor Respondent: Shri Choudhary N.C. Roy, Sr. DR
Section 133ASection 143(3)Section 147Section 148Section 68

basis of reopening of the assessments vitiated and as such, all these impugned assessments are ab-initio-void; the substratum to give a reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment, is vitiated in this case; the impugned reassessment is not sustainable in law; once the statements ... hands of the assessee. 15. Therefore, in the facts and circumstances of the case, we hold that the substratum to give a reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment, is vitiated in these cases. Therefore, the impugned reassessments are not sustainable in law. They are accordingly

Shruti Vinimay Limited, Nagpur vs. DCIT, Central Circle 4(3), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 223/MUM/2023[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai20 Sept 2023AY 2010-11

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri Amarjit Singh, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No.223/Mum/2023 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year: 2010-11) Shruti Vinimay Private बिधम/ Dcit, Central Circle-4(3) Limited Room No.1921, 19Th Vs. 502, Mahalaxmi Apartment Floor, Air India Building, Shivaji Nagar, Nagpur Nariman Point, Mumbai- (Urban) Nagpur-440010, 400021. Maharashtra, India. स्थधयी लेखध सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aajcs4629R (अपीलार्थी /Appellant) .. (प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent) Assessee By: Shri Bhupendra Shah Revenue By: Shri Ganesh Shah (Sr. Ar) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 22/08/2023 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 20/09/2023 आदेश / O R D E R Per Aby T. Varkey, Jm: This Is An Appeal Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax-52 [Hereinafter Referred To As “The Cit(A)], Mumbai Dated 15.12.2022 For Assessment Year 2010-11. 2. At The Outset, The Ld. Ar Of The Assessee, After A Preliminary Hearing Has Not Pressed Ground No. 1 & 2 Raised In The Revised/Additional Ground Of Appeal Filed Before Us Viz Action Of The Transfer Of The Case From Kolkata To Mumbai U/S 127 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter “The Act) As Well As The Action Of Ao First Of All, Dropping The Proceedings Initiated U/S 153C Of The Act & Instead Resorting To The Impugned Re-Opening Of Assessment, Which According To Assessee Is Bad In Law. Since The Aforesaid Two (2) Grounds Have Not Been Pressed By The Ld. Ar Both Grounds Stands Dismissed. 3. Coming To The Next Ground Of Appeal Of The Assessee, Which Is Against The Action Of The Ao To Have Reopened The Assessment U/S 147 Of The Act By Issuance Of Notice U/S 148 Of The Act Which According To The Assessee Is Bad In Law. Since It Is A Legal Issue The Same Is Dealt With.

For Appellant: Shri Bhupendra ShahFor Respondent: Shri Ganesh Shah (Sr. AR)
Section 127Section 147Section 148Section 153C

open the assessment, then AO has to record the reason to reopen the assessment, wherein he should record the “reason to believe, escapement of income”. It is settled position of law that ‘reason to believe’ postulates a foundation based on an information and belief based on reason. After a foundation ... escaped assessment. In other words, before the AO issues notice u/s 148 of the Act, he must have recorded the “reason to believe, escapement of income”. It is no doubt true that this Tribunal cannot go into the sufficiency or adequacy of the material and substitute its own opinion