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“unexplained expenditure”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69CSection 69C3,276 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained expenditure is CIT v. Bholanath Poly Fab. Pvt. Ltd. (355 ITR 290), cited in 712 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained expenditure

CIT v. Bholanath Poly Fab. Pvt. Ltd.
355 ITR 290 · 2013 · High Court
712
citing judgments

If an assessee makes purchases from bogus parties, but the underlying goods are genuinely acquired and sold, only the profit margin embedded in such purchases, and not the entire value of the bogus purchases, should be added to the assessee's income.

Vijay Proteins Ltd. v. Asst. CIT
58 ITD 428 · 1996 · ITAT
430
citing judgments

Where purchases are found to be non-genuine or fictitious, a reasonable disallowance of 25% of such purchases or the peak credit, whichever is higher, can be made. This is applied to address unexplained expenditure under Section 69C when actual goods are likely procured from the grey market.

Nikunj Eximp Enterprises v. CIT
216 Taxmann 171 · 2013 · High Court
325
citing judgments

Purchases may be treated as genuine even if the purchase parties are untraceable or not available for verification, as long as there is no specific evidence from the parties themselves denying the transactions or proving them to be bogus.

CIT v. M.K. Brothers
163 ITR 249 · 1987 · High Court
262
citing judgments

Mere non-production of a party or their denial of a transaction is insufficient to treat a payment as non-genuine if it is duly recorded in books and made through banking channels. Once the assessee furnishes relevant documentation, the burden shifts to the Assessing Officer to prove the transaction is not genuine.

N.K. Proteins Ltd. v. DCIT
84 Taxmann.com 195 · 2017 · Supreme Court
204
citing judgments

When purchases are found to be entirely bogus and based on fictitious invoices from non-existent or unconfirmed suppliers, the entire amount of such purchases is liable to be added back as unexplained expenditure, not merely a percentage thereof.

CIT v. La Medica
250 ITR 575 · 2001 · High Court
150
citing judgments

When purchases are shown to be non-genuine, the entire amount is to be disallowed as unexplained expenditure under section 69C, irrespective of whether the goods were procured from alternative sources.

Vijay Proteins Ltd. v. CIT
58 Taxmann.com 44 · 2015 · High Court
140
citing judgments

When an assessee makes alleged bogus or hawala purchases but subsequently makes genuine sales from those purchases, the addition to income should be restricted only to the estimated profit embedded in such transactions, not the entire purchase value.

N.K. Industries Ltd. v. DCIT
72 Taxmann.com 289 · 2016 · High Court
127
citing judgments

When there is a categorical finding that purchases are bogus and from fictitious suppliers, the Assessing Officer is justified in making a 100% addition of the bogus purchase amount under Section 69C, rather than restricting the disallowance to merely the profit margin. This position has been upheld by the Supreme Court through the dismissal of the assessee's SLP.

Judgments citing unexplained expenditure

Merchandisers (P) Ltd, Mattancherry vs. DCIT.Corporate Circle-2(1), Kochi

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee stands partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 601/COCH/2025[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Cochin29 Oct 2025AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Inturi Rama Rao, Am & Shri Anikesh Banerjee, Jm Assessment Year: 2016-17 Merchandisers (P) Ltd. .......... Appellant 7/594, Jew Town, Mattancheery, Kochi [Pan: Aabcm6455D] Vs. Dcit, Corporate Circle-2(1), Kochi ......... Respondent Assessee By: Shri Thomson Thomas, Ca Revenue By: Smt. Leena Lal, Sr. D.R. Date Of Hearing: 27.10.2025 Date Of Pronouncement: 29.10.2025 O R D E R Per: Inturi Rama Rao, Am This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Of The National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi (Nfac) Dated 06.08.2025 For Assessment Year (Ay) 2016-17. 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Appellant Is A Private Limited Company Engaged In The Business Of Trading In Raw-Rubber. The Return Of Income For Ay 2016-17 Was Filed On 17.10.2016 Disclosing Loss Of Rs. 3,79,128/-. The Said Return Of Income Was Processed U/S. 143(1) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (The Act) Accepting The Returned

For Appellant: Shri Thomson Thomas, CAFor Respondent: Smt. Leena Lal, Sr. D.R
Section 143(1)Section 147Section 148Section 153B

vide order dated 03.05.2023 passed u/s. 147 r.w.s. 144B of the Act after making addition of Rs. 1,45,91,304/- as unexplained expenditure of the appellant and applied the tax rate as prescribed u/s. 153BBE of the Act. 3. Being aggrieved, an appeal was filed before

ACIT, Anand Circle, Anand vs. Narendrakumar Hansrajbhai Patel, Kheda

In the result, the appeal of the Revenue is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 834/AHD/2024[2021-22]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad29 Oct 2025AY 2021-22

Bench: Shri Siddhartha Nautiyal & Shri Narendra Prasad Sinhaआयकर अपील सं /Ita No.834/Ahd/2024 िनधा"रण वष" /Assessment Year : 2021-22 The Acit Narendrakumar Hansrajbhai बनाम/ Dy./Asst.Commissioner Of Patel V/S. Income Tax (Anand Circle) I C/O. Mahakali Saw Mill Anand – 388 001 Mansarovar Marker Kamla Kamia, Kheda – 387 320 "थायी लेखा सं./Pan: Cmmpp 6784 N (अपीलाथ"/ Appellant) ("" यथ"/ Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Mishal Mehta, Ca Revenue By : Shri Alpesh Parmar, Cit-Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 28/08/2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 29/10/2025 आदेश/O R D E R Per Siddhartha Nautiyal, Jm: The Present Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Revenue Against The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’] Dated 27/02/2024 Passed U/S.250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’) For The Assessment Year (Ay) 2021-2022. 2. The Revenue Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal: “1. Whether, On Facts & In Circumstances Of The Case & In Law, The Ld.Cit(A) Is Justified In Deleting The Addition Of Rs. 10,64,04,151/-Made U/S 69C Of The Act Without Appreciating The Fact The Assessee Failed To Substantiate The Expenditure Claimed With Supporting Evidences? Asst.Cit Vs. Narendrakumar Hansrajbhai Patel Asst. Year : 2021-22

For Appellant: Shri Mishal Mehta, CAFor Respondent: Shri Alpesh Parmar, CIT-DR
Section 133(6)Section 143(3)Section 250Section 69C

that certain suppliers’ GST numbers were cancelled and some were non- filers. On this basis, the AO treated the said purchases as unexplained expenditure under section 69C of the Act and added ₹10,64,04,151/- to the total income of the assessee, completing the assessment under section

ACIT 4(3)(1), Mumbai vs. Narayan Dalpatram Thakkar, Mumbai

In the result, appeal of the Revenue is dismissed

ITA 3619/MUM/2017[2008-09]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai29 Oct 2025AY 2008-09

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla & Shri Girish Agrawalassessment Year: 2008-09 Assistant Commissioner Of Vs Narayan Dalpatram Income-Tax - 4(3)(1), Thakkar Mumbai Abhay Bldg, 5Th Floor, Ns 9Th Rdm Jvpd Scheme, Juhu Vile Parle (W), Mumbai - 400032 [Pan: Aaipt0713F] Appellant Respondent Present For: Assessee : Shri Parag Shah, Ca Revenue : Shri Leyaqat Ali Aafaqui, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing : 05.08.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 29.10.2025 O R D E R Per Girish Agrawal: This Appeal Filed By The Revenue Is Against The Order Of Cit(A) – 9, Mumbai, Vide Order No. Cit(A)-9/Cir.4/529/2015-16, Dated 17.03.2016 Passed Against The Assessment Order By Deputy Commissioner Of Income-Tax-4(3)(1), U/S.143(3) R.W.S. 147 Of The Income-Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”), Dated 29.01.2016 For Ay 2008-09. 2. Grounds Taken By The Revenue Are Reproduced As Under: “1. On The Facts & In The Circumstances Of The Case & In Law, The Ld. Cit(A) Has Erred In Directing The Ao To Delete The Addition Made Towards Unexplained Unsecured Loan Of Rs.65,00,000/- U/S.68 Of The I.T. Act.

For Appellant: Shri Parag Shah, CAFor Respondent: Shri Leyaqat Ali Aafaqui, Sr. DR
Section 143(3)Section 148Section 68Section 69C

after making an addition of Rs.65 lakhs as unexplained cash credit u/s. 68 and of Rs. 87,547/- as unexplained expenditure on account of interest on unsecured loans by applying provisions of section 69C. These additions were based on information from the Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation, Mumbai indicating

Dar E Imaan Welfare and Educational Trust, Vellore vs. ITO, Exemption Ward, Chennai

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is allowed

ITA 2259/CHNY/2025[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai28 Oct 2025AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri M. Balaganesh & Shri S.S. Viswanethra Raviआयकर अपील सं./I.T.A. No.2259/Chny/2025 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2019-20 Dar E Imaan Welfare & Educational Vs. The Income Tax Officer, Trust, No. 434/1, G. Kayide Millath Exemption Ward, Nagar, Kathiyavadi, Melvisharam, Chennai. Vellore 632 509. [Pan: Aactd2327B] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" की ओर से / Appellant By : None ""थ" की ओर से/Respondent By : Shri C.P. Solomon, Jcit सुनवाई की तारीख/ Date Of Hearing : 22.10.2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 28.10.2025 आदेश /O R D E R Per S.S. Viswanethra Ravi: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Dated 11.07.2025 Passed By The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre [Nfac], Delhi For The Assessment Year 2019-20. 2. When The Appeal Was Taken Up For Hearing, None Appeared On Behalf Of The Assessee Nor Filed Any Adjournment Petition. Hence We

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri C.P. Solomon, JCIT
Section 69C

consideration as to whether the ld. CIT(A) is justified in confirming the disallowance of claim of deduction and treating the same as unexplained expenditure under section 69C of the Income Tax Act, 1961 [“Act” in short] in the facts and circumstances of the case. 4. It is noted that ... Assessing Officer added an amount of Rs.2,23,149/- under section 69C of the Act on account of unexplained expenditure in the absence of any evidence to that effect which is clear from paras 1 and 2 of the assessment order. In the first appellate proceedings

DCIT, CC-6(1), Mumbai, Bkc vs. Rajarampuri Motipuri Gosavi, Thane

In the result, all the grounds of appeal and consequently, the appeal filed by the Revenue are dismissed

ITA 3858/MUM/2025[2021-22]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai27 Oct 2025AY 2021-22

Bench: Shri Sandeep Gosain & Shri Prabhash Shankardeputy Commissioner Of V/S. Rajarampuri Motipuri Income Tax, Central Circle – बनाम Gosavi 6(1) 1002 Steppes Vasant Lawns, Room No. 445, 4Th Floor, Pokharan Road No. 2, Kautilya Bhavan, Bandra Eastern Express Highway, Kurla Complex, Bandra Subhash Nagar, Thane – 400 (East), Mumbai – 400 051, 601, Maharashtra Maharashtra स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No: Abjpg2425M Appellant/अपीलार्थी .. Respondent/प्रतिवादी

For Appellant: Mr. Subodh Ratnaparkhi,ARFor Respondent: Shri Annavaran Kosuri, (Sr. AR)
Section 132Section 143(3)Section 148Section 69C

source of cash payment of Rs. 1,50,00,000/- for transfer and posting and made addition u/s. 69C of the Act as Unexplained expenditure. 4. Aggrieved, the assessee preferred appeal before the ld.CIT(A). Before him he pleaded the same contentions as made before the AO and denying ... addition is on a factually incorrect premise. The present addition was made expressly u/s 69C of the Act, holding the sum to be unexplained expenditure. The provisions of section 69C were incorrectly applied, as before invoking the provisions, it was incumbent to first establish that the respondent had in fact