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“unexplained expenditure”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69CSection 69C3,276 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained expenditure is CIT v. Bholanath Poly Fab. Pvt. Ltd. (355 ITR 290), cited in 712 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained expenditure

CIT v. Bholanath Poly Fab. Pvt. Ltd.
355 ITR 290 · 2013 · High Court
712
citing judgments

If an assessee makes purchases from bogus parties, but the underlying goods are genuinely acquired and sold, only the profit margin embedded in such purchases, and not the entire value of the bogus purchases, should be added to the assessee's income.

Vijay Proteins Ltd. v. Asst. CIT
58 ITD 428 · 1996 · ITAT
430
citing judgments

Where purchases are found to be non-genuine or fictitious, a reasonable disallowance of 25% of such purchases or the peak credit, whichever is higher, can be made. This is applied to address unexplained expenditure under Section 69C when actual goods are likely procured from the grey market.

Nikunj Eximp Enterprises v. CIT
216 Taxmann 171 · 2013 · High Court
325
citing judgments

Purchases may be treated as genuine even if the purchase parties are untraceable or not available for verification, as long as there is no specific evidence from the parties themselves denying the transactions or proving them to be bogus.

CIT v. M.K. Brothers
163 ITR 249 · 1987 · High Court
262
citing judgments

Mere non-production of a party or their denial of a transaction is insufficient to treat a payment as non-genuine if it is duly recorded in books and made through banking channels. Once the assessee furnishes relevant documentation, the burden shifts to the Assessing Officer to prove the transaction is not genuine.

N.K. Proteins Ltd. v. DCIT
84 Taxmann.com 195 · 2017 · Supreme Court
204
citing judgments

When purchases are found to be entirely bogus and based on fictitious invoices from non-existent or unconfirmed suppliers, the entire amount of such purchases is liable to be added back as unexplained expenditure, not merely a percentage thereof.

CIT v. La Medica
250 ITR 575 · 2001 · High Court
150
citing judgments

When purchases are shown to be non-genuine, the entire amount is to be disallowed as unexplained expenditure under section 69C, irrespective of whether the goods were procured from alternative sources.

Vijay Proteins Ltd. v. CIT
58 Taxmann.com 44 · 2015 · High Court
140
citing judgments

When an assessee makes alleged bogus or hawala purchases but subsequently makes genuine sales from those purchases, the addition to income should be restricted only to the estimated profit embedded in such transactions, not the entire purchase value.

N.K. Industries Ltd. v. DCIT
72 Taxmann.com 289 · 2016 · High Court
127
citing judgments

When there is a categorical finding that purchases are bogus and from fictitious suppliers, the Assessing Officer is justified in making a 100% addition of the bogus purchase amount under Section 69C, rather than restricting the disallowance to merely the profit margin. This position has been upheld by the Supreme Court through the dismissal of the assessee's SLP.

Judgments citing unexplained expenditure

T R Chemicals Limited, Odisha vs. PCIT Sambalpur, Odisha

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 219/CTK/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Cuttack01 Dec 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri George Mathan & Shri Rajesh Kumarआयकर अपील सं/Ita No.219/Ctk/2025 (िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2018-2019) T R Chemicals Limited, Vs Pr.Cit, Sambalpur Main Road, Subash Chowk, Rajgangpur, Odisha-770017 Pan No. :Aabct 1919 M (अपीलाथ" /Appellant) .. (""थ" / Respondent) िनधा"रती की ओर से /Assessee By : Shri K.K.Bajoria & Shri Yogesh Banka, Ars राज" की ओर से /Revenue By : Shri Vijay Singh, Sr. Dr सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing : 01/12/2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 01/12/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench : This Is An Appeal Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Passed By The Ld. Pr.Cit, Sambalpur, Dated 15.01.2025 For The Assessment Year 2018-2019. 2. It Was Submitted By The Ld. Ar That The Return Filed By The Assessee Came To Be Processed & The Assessment Came To Be Completed U/S.147 Of The Act Wherein The Purchases From M/S Mideast Integrated Steel Ltd. Were Disallowed By Invoking The Provisions Of Section 37(1) Of The Act. It Was The Submission That The Ld. Pr.Cit Invoked His Power U/S.263 Of The Act On The Ground That The Disallowances Made By The Ao U/S.37(1) Of The Act Instead Of Section 69C Of The Act, Is Erroneous & Prejudicial To The Interest Of Revenue. It Was Submitted That The Issue Is Now Squarely Covered By The Decision Of The Coordinate Bench Of The Tribunal In The Case Of Bajrang Steel & Alloys (P) Ltd., Passed In Ita No.553/Ctk/2024, Order Dated

For Appellant: Shri K.K.Bajoria & Shri Yogesh Banka, ARsFor Respondent: Shri Vijay Singh, Sr. DR
Section 147Section 263Section 37(1)Section 69C

with M/s Mideast Integrated Steel Ltd. A perusal of the provisions of Section 69C of the Act shows that it is in respect of unexplained expenditure. It is a case where the assessee offered no explanation about the source(source) of such expenditure or part thereof. The case before

Kallidumbil Nechithadathi Shajahan, Malappuram vs. ITO, Ward-2, Tirur

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee stands partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 862/COCH/2025[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Cochin28 Nov 2025AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Inturi Rama Rao, Am Assessment Year: 2019-20 Kallidumbil Nechithadathi Shajahan .......... Appellant Nechithadathil, Puthyr, Pallikkal Devathiyal, Malappuram 673636 [Pan: Jcbps9648E] Vs. The Income Tax Officer, Ward-2, Tirur .......... Respondent Assessee By: Shri Raghunathan, Advocate Revenue By: Ms. Neethu S. Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing: 27.11.2025 Date Of Pronouncement: 28.11.2025 O R D E R This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Of The National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi [Cit(A)] Dated 29.09.2025 For Assessment Year (Ay) 2019-20. 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Appellant Is An Individual Engaged In The Business Of Wholesale Trade Of Dry Fruits, Chocolates, Etc. No Regular Return Of Income For Ay 2019-20 Was Filed By The Appellant. However, Based On The Information That The Appellant Had Made Imports Aggregating To Rs. 30,23,148/- The Ao Formed An Opinion That Income Escaped Assessment To Tax. Accordingly, Issued A Notice U/S. 148 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (The Act) On 2 Kallidumbil Nechithadathi Shajahan 05.04.2023 After Complying With The Procedures Laid Down Ups 148A Of The Act. The Appellant Neither Complied With The Notice U/S. 148 Nor Filed The Information Sought For By The Ao. In The Circumstances The Ao Made Addition Of Rs. 38,75,086/- Treating The Entire Imports As Unexplained Expenditure Of The Appellant.

For Appellant: Shri Raghunathan, AdvocateFor Respondent: Ms. Neethu S. Sr. DR
Section 148

information sought for by the AO. In the circumstances the AO made addition of Rs. 38,75,086/- treating the entire imports as unexplained expenditure of the appellant. 3. Being aggrieved, an appeal was filed before the CIT(A) with a delay of 118 days. The CIT(A) had dismissed

Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax, Noida vs. M/S Ace Mega Structure Private Limited, Noida

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 4115/DEL/2025[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi27 Nov 2025AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Anubhav Sharma & Shri Manish Agarwalsl. Ita No(S) Asst. Appeal(S) By No Year(S) Appellant Vs. Respondent Appellant Respondent 1. 4067/Del/2025 2019-20 M/S. Ace Mega Dcit/Acit Structures Pvt. Ltd., Central Circle I-B, 7Th Floor, Ace Studio, Noida Sector-126, Noida, Sector- 37, S.O. Gautam Budh Nagar-201303 Pan-Aakca8694D M/S. Ace Mega 2. 4115/Del/2025 2019-20 Dcit, Structures Pvt. Ltd. Central Circle-1, A.R.T.O Complex, Sector-33, I-B, 7Th Floor, Ace Studio, Noida-201301. Sector-126, Noida, Sector- 37, S.O. Gautam Budh Nagar-201303 Pan-Aakca8694D Appellant By Shri Rohit Kapoor, Adv. & Shri Virsain Aggarwal, Itp Respondent By Shri Mahesh Kumar, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing 17.09.2025 Date Of Pronouncement 27.11.2025

Section 147Section 68

applicable to the facts of the case. The basis of the addition pertains to alleged unexplained investment, whereas Section 69C specifically applies to unexplained expenditure. Therefore, the invocation of Section 69C is erroneous and unsustainable in law.” 10. Ground of appeal No.3 raised by the assessee is with respect ... observed that these properties were purchased by the assessee below the circle rate and therefore, has made the payment of the said cash as unexplained expenditure u/s 69C r.w.s. 115BBE of the Act. 14. Ld. AR further submits that in first appeal, before Ld. CIT(A), it was claimed

Ace Mega Structures Private Limited, Uttar Pradesh vs. DCIT/ACIT Cen Cir, Noida

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 4067/DEL/2025[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi27 Nov 2025AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Anubhav Sharma & Shri Manish Agarwalsl. Ita No(S) Asst. Appeal(S) By No Year(S) Appellant Vs. Respondent Appellant Respondent 1. 4067/Del/2025 2019-20 M/S. Ace Mega Dcit/Acit Structures Pvt. Ltd., Central Circle I-B, 7Th Floor, Ace Studio, Noida Sector-126, Noida, Sector- 37, S.O. Gautam Budh Nagar-201303 Pan-Aakca8694D M/S. Ace Mega 2. 4115/Del/2025 2019-20 Dcit, Structures Pvt. Ltd. Central Circle-1, A.R.T.O Complex, Sector-33, I-B, 7Th Floor, Ace Studio, Noida-201301. Sector-126, Noida, Sector- 37, S.O. Gautam Budh Nagar-201303 Pan-Aakca8694D Appellant By Shri Rohit Kapoor, Adv. & Shri Virsain Aggarwal, Itp Respondent By Shri Mahesh Kumar, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing 17.09.2025 Date Of Pronouncement 27.11.2025

Section 147Section 68

applicable to the facts of the case. The basis of the addition pertains to alleged unexplained investment, whereas Section 69C specifically applies to unexplained expenditure. Therefore, the invocation of Section 69C is erroneous and unsustainable in law.” 10. Ground of appeal No.3 raised by the assessee is with respect ... observed that these properties were purchased by the assessee below the circle rate and therefore, has made the payment of the said cash as unexplained expenditure u/s 69C r.w.s. 115BBE of the Act. 14. Ld. AR further submits that in first appeal, before Ld. CIT(A), it was claimed