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“unexplained money”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69ASection 69A5,888 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained money is (Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd. (103 Taxmann.com 48), cited in 696 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained money

(Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd.
103 Taxmann.com 48 · 2019 · Supreme Court
696
citing judgments

When assessing cash credits, share capital, or loans, the assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions. This burden is not discharged merely by documentary evidence if field inquiries reveal accommodation entries or dealings with paper/shell companies.

Commissioner of Income Tax v. Nova Promoters and Finlease (P) Ltd.
342 ITR 169 · 2012 · High Court
658
citing judgments

To make an addition under Section 68 for unexplained cash credits, the Assessing Officer must conduct proper inquiry into the identity, genuineness, and creditworthiness of the creditor, especially concerning share application money. The assessee's initial discharge of burden by providing necessary details shifts the onus back to the AO for further investigation, including the source of source.

Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif v. CIT
50 ITR 1 · 1963 · Supreme Court
581
citing judgments

The assessee bears the onus of proving the source and nature of any sum of money or receipt found to have been received by them. If the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the receipt, the Income-tax Officer is entitled to treat it as taxable income.

Lalchand Bhagat Ambica Ram v. CIT
37 ITR 288 · 1959 · Supreme Court
570
citing judgments

Where an assessee maintains regular books of account, and these books are not rejected or found defective by the Assessing Officer, any cash deposits or available cash shown in the cash book, if sufficient to cover the transaction, cannot be treated as unexplained income or an addition under sections 68 or 69A.

CIT v. Daulat Ram Rawatmull
87 ITR 349 · 1973 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The onus to prove that an apparent transaction or explanation is not real lies with the person who claims it to be so. If an assessee provides a plausible explanation for a transaction, the revenue must establish that the apparent transaction is not genuine.

Roshan Di Hatti v. CIT
107 ITR 938 · 1977 · Supreme Court
477
citing judgments

An assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of any cash credit or transaction. If the assessee fails to discharge this burden with cogent evidence and explanation, the Assessing Officer is justified in making additions to their income, and no further burden lies on the revenue.

CIT v. Precision Finance Pvt. Ltd.
208 ITR 465 · 1994 · High Court
427
citing judgments

When an assessee seeks to explain a cash credit under Section 68, they must prove the identity of the creditors, their creditworthiness or capacity to advance money, and the genuineness of the transactions. The burden of proof is not discharged merely by filing confirmatory letters or demonstrating banking channel transactions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

Judgments citing unexplained money

Dhananjay Proprietor of M/S Innovative Business Solutions, New Delhi vs. ITO Ward 51(2), New Delhi

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 3893/DEL/2023[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi28 Aug 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Satbeer Singh Godara & Shri Manish Agarwaldhananjay Prop. Of M/S Income Tax Officer, Innovative Business Ward-51(2), Solution, 2097/A-1, Vs. Delhi. Gali No.15, Near Govt. School, Prem Nagar, Patel Nagar, New Delhi-110008. Pan:Ambpd2549L (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri Mayank Sharma, Adv. Department By Ms. Suman Malik, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing 02/06/2025 Date Of Pronouncement 02/06/2025 O R D E R [ Per Manish Agarwal, Am: This Appeal Is Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi [Cit(A) In Short], Dated 07.11.2023 In Appeal No. Cit(A), Delhi-17/11006/2019-20 Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (The Act, In Short) For Assessment Year 2017-18. 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Assessee Is An Individual & Prop. Of M/S Innovative Business Solutions Engaged In The Business Of Providing Business Solutions. The Return Of Income In The Year

Section 250Section 68

sales, therefore, the deposit in 3. ITA No.3893/Del/2023 Dhananjay Prop. Of M/s Innovative Business Solutions vs. ACIT SBN should not be treated as unexplained money u/s 68 of the Act. He prayed for deletion of the addition made on this account. 6. On the other hand, Ld. CIT-DR supports

Amraram Gomaji Chowdhary, Navelim vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward - 1, Margao

ITA 117/PAN/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Panaji27 Aug 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Pavan Kumar Gadale & Shri G. D. Padmahshaliita Nos. 117/Pan/2025 Assessment Year : 2018-19 Amraram Gomaji Chowdhary 457/C, Aquem Baixo, Firgulem, Navelim, Goa-403707. Pan : Aqjpc0124C . . . . . . . Appellant V/S Income Tax Officer, Ward-(1), Margao, Goa. . . . . . . . Respondent Appearances Assessee By : Mr Pradeep Kulkarni [‘Ld. Ar’] Revenue By : Ms Manju Thakur [‘Ld. Dr’] Date Of Conclusive Hearing : 26/08/2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 26/08/2025 Order Per G. D. Padmahshali; The Captioned Appeal Of The Appellant Assessee Impugns Din & Order Itba/Nfac/S/250/2024-25/1074431239(1) Dt. 12/03/2025 Passed By The National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi [‘Ld. Nfac’ Hereinafter] U/S 250 Of The Income-Tax Act, 1961 [‘The Act’ Hereinafter] Which In Turn Arisen Out Of Order Of Assessment Dt. 29/02/2024 Passed U/S 147 R.W.S. 144B Of The Act By The National Faceless E-Asstt Centre [‘Ld. Ao’ Hereinafter] Anent To Assessment Year 2018-19 [‘Ay’ Hereinafter].

For Appellant: Mr Pradeep Kulkarni [‘Ld. AR’]For Respondent: Ms Manju Thakur [‘Ld. DR’]
Section 133(6)Section 147Section 148Section 246ASection 250Section 253(1)Section 69A

explain nature & source of cash deposits made into C/A maintained with ‘Andhra bank’ was made to the total income of the assessee as unexplained money u/s 69A of the Act. Aggrieved by the addition the assessee filed appeal u/s 246A of the Act before the Ld. NFAC who after partly ... presumptive taxation. In the event the Ld. AO brought to tax the entire amount of confirmed cash deposits of ₹60,58,430/- as the unexplained money u/s 69A of the Act and made the addition on such account. 6. We also note that, in the first appellate proceedings, the appellant

Mr. Agnelo Socorro Joaquim Viegas, Panaji vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward - 1(5), Panaji

ITA 69/PAN/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Panaji26 Aug 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Pavan Kumar Gadale & Shri G. D. Padmahshaliita Nos. 069/Pan/2025 & Sa 06/Pan/2025 Assessment Year : 2011-12 Agnelo Socorro Joaquim Viegas H. No. 373, Galliwaddo, Taleigao, Caranzalem, Goa-403002. Pan : Akapv9049C . . . . . . . Appellant V/S Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(5), Panaji, Goa. . . . . . . . Respondent Appearances Assessee By : Mr Vinesh Pikale [‘Ld. Ar’] Revenue By : Mr Sanket Deshmukh[‘Ld. Dr’] Date Of Conclusive Hearing : 21/08/2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 26/08/2025 Order Per G. D. Padmahshali; The Captioned Appeal Of The Assessee Impugns Din & Order No. Itba/Apl/S/250/2024-25/1073026397(1) Dt. 07/02/2025 Passed By Addl./Jt. Commissioner Of Income Tax, Appeals(2), Ahmedabad [‘Ld. Cit(A)’] U/S 250 Of The Income-Tax Act, 1961 [‘The Act’] Which In Turn Sprung Out Of Order Of Assessment Dt. 27/12/2018 Passed U/S 143(3) R.W.S. 147 Of The Act By The Income

For Appellant: Mr Vinesh Pikale [‘Ld. AR’]For Respondent: Mr Sanket Deshmukh[‘Ld. DR’]
Section 143(3)Section 147Section 148Section 246ASection 250Section 253(1)Section 44ASection 5ASection 69A

deposits (₹13,00,000/- minus returned income ₹1,53,590/-) a solitary addition of ₹11,46,410/- was made to the total income as unexplained money u/s 69A of the Act. Aggrieved by the former addition the assessee filed an appeal u/s 246A of the Act before ... disbelieved the assessee’s explanation & declaration with respective presumptive taxation. In the event the Ld. AO treated the entire cash deposit as unexplained money u/s 69A of the Act and brought same to tax after allowing credit for income already declared in the return of income filed in response

Pushpakant Punjalal Chokshi, Anand vs. The ITO, Ward-1(3)(1), Petlad

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is allowed

ITA 739/AHD/2025[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad26 Aug 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Smt. Annapurna Guptaआयकर अपील सं./I.T.A. No. 739/Ahd/2025 (िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2012-13) बनाम/ Pushpakant Punjalal The Income Tax Officer Chokshi Ward 1(3)(1), Petlad Vs. Prop: Chokshi Punjalal Somchand & Sons, Jawahar Road, Cambay, Anand – 388620, Gujarat "थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Agtps8836P (Appellant) .. (Respondent) अपीलाथ" ओर से /Appellant By : Shri M K Patel, Advocate ""यथ" क" ओर से/Respondent By : Shri Nitin Kulkarni, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing 18/08/2025 Date Of Pronouncement 26/08/2025 O R D E R The Present Appeal Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), (Hereinafter Referred To As “Cit(A)”), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Hereinafter Referred To As “Nfac”), Delhi Dated 21.02.2025 Passed Under Section 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”) & Relates To Assessment Year (A.Y.) 2012-13. 2. The Grounds Raised In The Appeal By The Assessee Are As Under:

For Appellant: Shri M K Patel, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Nitin Kulkarni, Sr. DR
Section 250Section 69A

assessee amounting to Rs.9,23,000/-, the source of which, remained unexplained. The addition was made to the income of the assessee as unexplained money / cash deposited in Bank u/s.69A of the Act, in the absence of any evidence filed by the assessee before the AO substantiating the source