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“unexplained money”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69ASection 69A5,888 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained money is (Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd. (103 Taxmann.com 48), cited in 696 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained money

(Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd.
103 Taxmann.com 48 · 2019 · Supreme Court
696
citing judgments

When assessing cash credits, share capital, or loans, the assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions. This burden is not discharged merely by documentary evidence if field inquiries reveal accommodation entries or dealings with paper/shell companies.

Commissioner of Income Tax v. Nova Promoters and Finlease (P) Ltd.
342 ITR 169 · 2012 · High Court
658
citing judgments

To make an addition under Section 68 for unexplained cash credits, the Assessing Officer must conduct proper inquiry into the identity, genuineness, and creditworthiness of the creditor, especially concerning share application money. The assessee's initial discharge of burden by providing necessary details shifts the onus back to the AO for further investigation, including the source of source.

Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif v. CIT
50 ITR 1 · 1963 · Supreme Court
581
citing judgments

The assessee bears the onus of proving the source and nature of any sum of money or receipt found to have been received by them. If the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the receipt, the Income-tax Officer is entitled to treat it as taxable income.

Lalchand Bhagat Ambica Ram v. CIT
37 ITR 288 · 1959 · Supreme Court
570
citing judgments

Where an assessee maintains regular books of account, and these books are not rejected or found defective by the Assessing Officer, any cash deposits or available cash shown in the cash book, if sufficient to cover the transaction, cannot be treated as unexplained income or an addition under sections 68 or 69A.

CIT v. Daulat Ram Rawatmull
87 ITR 349 · 1973 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The onus to prove that an apparent transaction or explanation is not real lies with the person who claims it to be so. If an assessee provides a plausible explanation for a transaction, the revenue must establish that the apparent transaction is not genuine.

Roshan Di Hatti v. CIT
107 ITR 938 · 1977 · Supreme Court
477
citing judgments

An assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of any cash credit or transaction. If the assessee fails to discharge this burden with cogent evidence and explanation, the Assessing Officer is justified in making additions to their income, and no further burden lies on the revenue.

CIT v. Precision Finance Pvt. Ltd.
208 ITR 465 · 1994 · High Court
427
citing judgments

When an assessee seeks to explain a cash credit under Section 68, they must prove the identity of the creditors, their creditworthiness or capacity to advance money, and the genuineness of the transactions. The burden of proof is not discharged merely by filing confirmatory letters or demonstrating banking channel transactions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

Judgments citing unexplained money

Abdulrahiman Abdulkadar, Palakkad vs. ITO, Ward-5, Palakkad

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee stands partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 878/COCH/2025[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Cochin28 Nov 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Inturi Rama Rao, Am Assessment Year: 2017-18 Abdulrahiman Abdulkadar .......... Appellant 1/519, Chimbukkad P.O., Erimahur, Palakkad [Pan: Ahhpa4212A] Vs. The Income Tax Officer, Wd-5, Palakkad .......... Respondent Assessee By: Shri Aditya Unnikrishnan, Advocate Revenue By: Ms. Neethu S. Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing: 27.11.2025 Date Of Pronouncement: 28.11.2025 O R D E R This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Of The National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi [Cit(A)] Dated 24.08.2025 For Assessment Year (Ay) 2017-18. 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Appellant Is An Individual Engaged In The Business Of Running Travel Agency In The Name & Style Of M/S. Almas Travel & Tours. The Return Of Income For Ay 2017-18 Was Filed On 04.08.2017 Declaring Income Of Rs. 4,03,170/-. Against The Said Return Of Income, The Assessment Was Completed By The Income Tax Officer, Ward-5, Palakkad Vide Order Dated 01.10.2018 Passed U/S. 143(3) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (The 2 Abdulrahiman Abdulkadar Act) At Total Income Of Rs. 7,11,170/-. While Doing So, The Ao Made Addition Of Rs. 3,08,000/- On Account Of Cash Deposits Made In Specified Bank Notes (Sbn) During Demonetisation Period As Unexplained Money Of The Appellant For The Failure Of The Appellant To Discharge The Onus Of Proving The Source Of Said Deposits.

For Appellant: Shri Aditya Unnikrishnan, AdvocateFor Respondent: Ms. Neethu S. Sr. DR
Section 143(3)

made addition of Rs. 3,08,000/- on account of cash deposits made in specified bank notes (SBN) during demonetisation period as unexplained money of the appellant for the failure of the appellant to discharge the onus of proving the source of said deposits. 3. Being aggrieved, an appeal

Mukalel Philip Jose, Kannur vs. ITO, Ward-4, Kannur

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee stands partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 876/COCH/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Cochin28 Nov 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri Inturi Rama Rao, Am Assessment Year: 2011-12 Mukalel Philip Jose .......... Appellant Mukalel House, Pushpagiri, Taliparamba Kannur 670141 [Pan: Acnpj4619F] Vs. The Income Tax Officer, Ward-4, Kannur .......... Respondent Assessee By: ------- None ------- Revenue By: Ms. Neethu S. Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing: 27.11.2025 Date Of Pronouncement: 28.11.2025 O R D E R This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), Thane [Cit(A)] Dated 20.08.2025 For Assessment Year (Ay) 2011-12. 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Appellant Is An Individual Deriving Income Under The Head ‘Salary’. The Return Of Income For Ay 2011-12 Was Filed On 10.08.2011 Declaring Total Income Of Rs. 2,07,790/-. Against The Said Return Of Income, The Assessment Was Completed By The Income Tax Officer, Ward-4, Kannur (Hereinafter Called "The Ao") Vide Order Dated 23.01.2014 Passed U/S. 143(3) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (The Act) At Total Income Of Rs.

For Appellant: ------- None -------For Respondent: Ms. Neethu S. Sr. DR
Section 143(3)Section 69A

After granting benefit of earlier cash withdrawals from the bank account the balance amount of Rs. 16,00,000/- was treated as unexplained money of the appellant for the failure of the 3 Mukalel Philip Jose appellant to offer any satisfactory explanation as to the source of the cash deposits

Spa Constructions, Hyderabad vs. ITO, Ward-8(1), Hyderabad

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 1132/HYD/2025[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad28 Nov 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao, Vice-A N D Shri Madhusudan Sawdiaआ.अपी.सं /Ita No.1132/Hyd/2025 (िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2017-18) Spa Constructions Vs. Income Tax Officer Hyderabad Ward 8(1) Pan:Adffs5436E Hyderabad (Appellant) (Respondent) िनधा""रती "ारा/Assessee By: Advocate S. Rama Rao राज" व "ारा/Revenue By:: Shri Ranjan Agrawala, Sr. Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing: 20/11/2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Pronouncement: 28/11/2025 आदेश/Order Per Madhusudan Sawdia, A.M.: This Appeal Is Filed By Spa Constructions (“The Assessee”), Feeling Aggrieved By The Order Passed By The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi (“Ld. Cit(A)”) Dated 14.06.2025 For The A.Y 2017-18. 2. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal:

For Appellant: Advocate S. Rama RaoFor Respondent: : Shri Ranjan Agrawala, Sr. DR
Section 115BSection 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 69A

submissions, the Ld. AO held that the assessee failed to satisfactorily explain the capital introduced by the partners and treated the same as unexplained money under section 69A of the Act, read with section 115BBE of the Act. Assessment was completed by Ld. AO under section

Income Tax Officer, Mumbai vs. Wasundhara Vinay Joshi, Powai

In the result, the appeal of the Revenue is dismissed

ITA 5907/MUM/2025[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai28 Nov 2025AY 2016-17

Bench: Justice (Retd.) Shri C.V. Bhadang & Shri Vikram Singh Yadavassessment Year : 2016-17 Income Tax Officer, Wasundhara Vinay Joshi, Room No. 830D, C-111, Sunrise Apts., 8Th Floor, Vs. Raheja Vihar, Kautilya Bhavan, Chandivali Farm Road, Bandra Kurla Complex, Chandivali, Bandra East, Mumbai-400007. Mumbai-400051. Pan : Afjpk0008C (Appellant) (Respondent) For Assessee : Shri Chetan Shinde For Revenue : Shri G.J. Ninawe, Sr.Dr Date Of Hearing : 26-11-2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 28-11-2025 O R D E R Per Vikram Singh Yadav, A.M : This Is An Appeal Filed By The Revenue Against The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi [„Ld.Cit(A)‟], Dated 18-08-2025, Pertaining To Assessment Year (Ay) 2016-17, Wherein The Revenue Has Taken The Following Grounds Of Appeal: "1) Whether On The Facts & In The Circumstances Of The Case & In Law, The Ld. Cit(A) Has Erred In Deleting The Addition Of Rs. 1,76,860/- U/S 69A Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 Without Considering The Fact That The Assessee Fail To Furnish Demat Account & Copy Of Bank Statement.

For Appellant: Shri Chetan ShindeFor Respondent: Shri G.J. Ninawe, Sr.DR
Section 139Section 147Section 148Section 69A

proceeded to add a sum of Rs. 1,76,860/- under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, treating the same as unexplained money. The reasons recorded by the assessing officer, however, are cryptic and internally inconsistent. Vide page 3 of the assessment order, it is noted that