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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

DCIT Central Circle-25, Delhi vs. Strategic Credit Capital Pvt. Ltd., Delhi

ITA 438/DEL/2022[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi30 Jul 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Anubhav Sharma & Shri Manish Agarwalassessment Year: 2017-18 Strategic Credit Capital Pvt. Ltd., Vs Acit, A-49, Engine House, Central Circle-25, Mathura Road, Delhi. Mohan Cooperative Indus. Estate, Delhi – 110 055. Pan: Aaack4532C Assessment Year: 2017-18 Acit, Vs. Strategic Credit Capital Pvt. Ltd., Central Circle-25, A-49, Engine House, Delhi Mathura Road, Mohan Cooperative Indus. Estate, Delhi – 110 055. Pan: Aaack4532C (Assessees) (Respondents) Assessee By : None Revenue By : Shri Mahesh Kumar, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing : 02.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 30.07.2025 Order Per Anubhav Sharma, Jm:

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri Mahesh Kumar, CIT-DR
Section 132Section 132(4)Section 150Section 68Section 69Section 69A

circumstances of the case and in law in directing AO to take into account the findings in the appellate order for considering amounts as unexplained investments for earlier assessment years overlooking that addition as unexplained investments under section 69 cannot be made of amount recorded in books of accounts ... legally justified in deleting the addition of Rs. 123,48,53,648/- 2 ITAs No.289 &438/Del/2022 made on account of unexplained investments without considering the fact emerged in the search proceeding and found in incriminating material. iii) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case

Strategic Credit Capital Pvt. Ltd., Delhi vs. ACIT, Central Circle25, Delhi

ITA 289/DEL/2022[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi30 Jul 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Anubhav Sharma & Shri Manish Agarwalassessment Year: 2017-18 Strategic Credit Capital Pvt. Ltd., Vs Acit, A-49, Engine House, Central Circle-25, Mathura Road, Delhi. Mohan Cooperative Indus. Estate, Delhi – 110 055. Pan: Aaack4532C Assessment Year: 2017-18 Acit, Vs. Strategic Credit Capital Pvt. Ltd., Central Circle-25, A-49, Engine House, Delhi Mathura Road, Mohan Cooperative Indus. Estate, Delhi – 110 055. Pan: Aaack4532C (Assessees) (Respondents) Assessee By : None Revenue By : Shri Mahesh Kumar, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing : 02.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 30.07.2025 Order Per Anubhav Sharma, Jm:

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri Mahesh Kumar, CIT-DR
Section 132Section 132(4)Section 150Section 68Section 69Section 69A

circumstances of the case and in law in directing AO to take into account the findings in the appellate order for considering amounts as unexplained investments for earlier assessment years overlooking that addition as unexplained investments under section 69 cannot be made of amount recorded in books of accounts ... legally justified in deleting the addition of Rs. 123,48,53,648/- 2 ITAs No.289 &438/Del/2022 made on account of unexplained investments without considering the fact emerged in the search proceeding and found in incriminating material. iii) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case

Shivratan Motilal Rathi HUF, Pune vs. ITO, Jalna

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee in ITA

ITA 606/PUN/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Pune29 Jul 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri R. K. Panda & Shri Vinay Bhamoreआयकर अपील सं. / Ita Nos.605 & 606/Pun/2025 िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Years : 2008-09 & 2011-12 Shivratan Motilalji Rathi Vs. Ito, Ward-1, Jalna. Huf, Rathi Rathi & Co., 501-504, Akshay Landmarks, Opp. Pu La Garden, Sinhagad Road, Jalna- 411030. Pan : Aaehr5318G Appellant Respondent Assessee By : Miss Smruti Sabnis Revenue By Shri Akhilesh Srivastva : Date Of Hearing 24.07.2025 : Date Of Pronouncement : 29.07.2025 आदेश / Order Per Vinay Bhamore, Jm: Both The Above Captioned Appeals Filed By The Assessee Are Directed Against The Separate Orders Dated 21.10.2024 Passed By Ld. Cit(A)/Nfac For The Assessment Years 2008-09 & 2011-12 Respectively. 2. There Is Delay Of 64 Days In Filing Of The Present Appeals. We Are Satisfied With The Reasons Mentioned In The Affidavit For Condonation That The Applicant Was Prevented By Sufficient Cause For Not Filing The Appeals Within The Prescribed Time Limit. Ld. Dr Has Not Raised Any Serious Objection To Condone The Delay, Therefore We Condone The Delay Of 64 Days & Proceed To Adjudicate The Appeals. 3. Since Identical Facts & Common Issues Are Involved In Both The Above Captioned Appeals Of The Assessee, Therefore, We Proceed To Dispose Of The Same By This Common Order. 4. First, We Shall Take Up The Appeal Of The Assessee In Ita No.605/Pun/2025 For Assessment Year 2008-09 As The Lead Case For Adjudication.

For Appellant: Miss Smruti Sabnis
Section 142(1)Section 142ASection 144Section 147Section 148Section 151Section 249(4)Section 271(1)(c)Section 69

above ground, the Learned CIT(A) has erred in maintaining the addition made by the Ld.AO of Rs. 41,19,440/- on account of unexplained Investment provisions of Section 147 of the Act. Ground 5. The appellant craves leave to add, alter, vary, omit, amend, or delete the above grounds ... aforesaid construction activities of the assessee was found undisclosed in the return of income, therefore in order to determine unexplained investment into the cost of construction a reference under section 142A of the IT Act was made to the Departmental Valuation Officer, Nagpur. The DVO evaluated cost of construction

Shivratan Motilalji Rathi HUF, Pune vs. ITO, Jalna

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee in ITA

ITA 605/PUN/2025[2008-2009]Status: DisposedITAT Pune29 Jul 2025AY 2008-2009

Bench: Shri R. K. Panda & Shri Vinay Bhamoreआयकर अपील सं. / Ita Nos.605 & 606/Pun/2025 िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Years : 2008-09 & 2011-12 Shivratan Motilalji Rathi Vs. Ito, Ward-1, Jalna. Huf, Rathi Rathi & Co., 501-504, Akshay Landmarks, Opp. Pu La Garden, Sinhagad Road, Jalna- 411030. Pan : Aaehr5318G Appellant Respondent Assessee By : Miss Smruti Sabnis Revenue By Shri Akhilesh Srivastva : Date Of Hearing 24.07.2025 : Date Of Pronouncement : 29.07.2025 आदेश / Order Per Vinay Bhamore, Jm: Both The Above Captioned Appeals Filed By The Assessee Are Directed Against The Separate Orders Dated 21.10.2024 Passed By Ld. Cit(A)/Nfac For The Assessment Years 2008-09 & 2011-12 Respectively. 2. There Is Delay Of 64 Days In Filing Of The Present Appeals. We Are Satisfied With The Reasons Mentioned In The Affidavit For Condonation That The Applicant Was Prevented By Sufficient Cause For Not Filing The Appeals Within The Prescribed Time Limit. Ld. Dr Has Not Raised Any Serious Objection To Condone The Delay, Therefore We Condone The Delay Of 64 Days & Proceed To Adjudicate The Appeals. 3. Since Identical Facts & Common Issues Are Involved In Both The Above Captioned Appeals Of The Assessee, Therefore, We Proceed To Dispose Of The Same By This Common Order. 4. First, We Shall Take Up The Appeal Of The Assessee In Ita No.605/Pun/2025 For Assessment Year 2008-09 As The Lead Case For Adjudication.

For Appellant: Miss Smruti Sabnis
Section 142(1)Section 142ASection 144Section 147Section 148Section 151Section 249(4)Section 271(1)(c)Section 69

above ground, the Learned CIT(A) has erred in maintaining the addition made by the Ld.AO of Rs. 41,19,440/- on account of unexplained Investment provisions of Section 147 of the Act. Ground 5. The appellant craves leave to add, alter, vary, omit, amend, or delete the above grounds ... aforesaid construction activities of the assessee was found undisclosed in the return of income, therefore in order to determine unexplained investment into the cost of construction a reference under section 142A of the IT Act was made to the Departmental Valuation Officer, Nagpur. The DVO evaluated cost of construction

Shivratan Motilalji Rathi HUF, Pune vs. ITO, Jalna

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 604/PUN/2025[2007-08]Status: DisposedITAT Pune29 Jul 2025AY 2007-08

Bench: Shri R. K. Panda & Shri Vinay Bhamoreआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.604/Pun/2025 िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2007-08 Shivratan Motilalji Rathi Vs. Ito, Ward-1, Jalna. Huf, Rathi Rathi & Co., 501-504, Akshay Landmarks, Opp. Pu La Garden, Sinhagad Road, Jalna- 411030. Pan : Aaehr5318G Appellant Respondent Assessee By : Miss Smruti Sabnis Revenue By : Shri Akhilesh Srivastva Date Of Hearing : 24.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement 29.07.2025 : आदेश / Order Per Vinay Bhamore, Jm: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Dated 21.10.2024 Passed By Ld. Cit(A)/Nfac For The Assessment Year 2007-08. 2. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal :- “Ground 1. The Appellant Requests Your Honor To Condone The Delay Of 64 Days In Filing The Appeal As The Delay Was Due To Unforeseen Circumstances Beyond The Control Of The Appellant.

For Appellant: Miss Smruti SabnisFor Respondent: Shri Akhilesh Srivastva
Section 142(1)Section 142ASection 144Section 147Section 148Section 151Section 249(4)Section 249(4)(b)Section 271(1)(c)Section 69

appellant. 2 Ground 2. Learned CIT(A) has erred in maintaining the addition made by Ld. AO of Rs.5,83,870/- on account of unexplained Investment under section 69 of the Income tax Act, 1961. Ground 3. Without prejudice to above ground, the Learned CIT(A) has erred in maintaining ... addition made by the Ld.AO of Rs. 5,83,870/- on account of unexplained Investment under section 69 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 without appreciating the fact that the reopening of the assessment of the assessee is solely based on the valuation report of DVO without satisfying provisions