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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Muthiah Lakshmanan, Chennai vs. ITO Ncw 10(3), Chennai

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1958/CHNY/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai23 Sept 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri S.S. Viswanethra Ravi & Shri Ratnesh Nandan Sahayआयकर अपील सं./I.T.A. No.1958/Chny/2025 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2011-12 Muthiah Lakshmanan, Vs. The Income Tax Officer, 16/3, Seethaamma Colony, 1 Main Non Corporate Ward 10(3), Road, 2Nd Street, Alwarpet, Teynampet, Chennai. Chennai 600 018. [Pan:Adopl7512R] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" की ओर से / Appellant By : Ms. T.V. Muthu Abirami, Advocate ""थ" की ओर से/Respondent By : Ms. Sandhya Rani Kure, Jcit सुनवाई की तारीख/ Date Of Hearing : 18.09.2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 23.09.2025 आदेश /O R D E R Per S.S. Viswanethra Ravi: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Dated 19.11.2024 Passed By The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi For The Assessment Year 2011-12. 2. On Perusal Of The Assessment Order, We Note That The Assessing Officer Made Additions On Account Of Income From Speculation & Income From Unexplained Investment. Admittedly, No Return Of Income

For Appellant: Ms. T.V. Muthu Abirami, AdvocateFor Respondent: Ms. Sandhya Rani Kure, JCIT
Section 144Section 148Section 69A

perusal of the assessment order, we note that the Assessing Officer made additions on account of income from speculation and income from unexplained investment. Admittedly, no return of income 2 I.T.A. No.1958/Chny/25 was filed by the assessee even in response to the notice under section 148 of the Income ... placed on record. Further, cash deposits to an extent of ₹.38,88,500/- added to the total income of the assessee on account of unexplained investment under section 69A of the Act for being no compliance from the assessee and completed the assessment under section 144 of the Act dated

Vedic Foundation Private Limited, Delhi vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward 26(2), Delhi

Appeal is allowed

ITA 4975/DEL/2025[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi23 Sept 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Sh. Satbeer Singh Godaraita No. 4975/Del/2025 : Asstt. Year : 2017-18 Vedic Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Vs Income Tax Officer, 43-B, First Floor, Mig Flat, Ward-26(2), Pocket-B Dilshad Garden, New Delhi-110002 New Delhi-110095 (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan No. Aaaci8590C Assessee By: None Revenue By : Sh. Manoj Kumar, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing: 23.09.2025 Date Of Pronouncement: 23.09.2025 Order This Assessee’S Appeal For Assessment Year 2017-18, Arises Against The Addl./Jcit(A), Panchkula’S Din & Order No. Itba/Apl/S/250/2025-26/1077029340(1) Dated 13.06.2025, In Proceedings U/S 143(3) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short “The Act”).

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Sh. Manoj Kumar, Sr. DR
Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 69

proceeded ex-parte. 3. Coming to the assessee’s sole substantive grievance challenging correctness of both the lower authority’s action making section 69 unexplained investment addition amounting to Rs.14,32,346/- in shares, in the course of assessment framed on 30.12.2019 and upheld in the lower appellate proceedings ... instant sole substantive grievance as well as the Revenue’s vehement contentions. I am of the considered view that once the impugned issue of unexplained investment nowhere formed subject matter of “limited” scrutiny exercise herein, both the learned lower authorities could not have added it in light of PCIT

Sh. Mohinder Singh Arora, Delhi vs. ITO Ward-49(5), Delhi

Appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 2615/DEL/2025[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi19 Sept 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Vikas Awasthyआअसं.2615/िद"ी/2025 (िन.व. 2012-13) Mohinder Singh Arora, Wz-59, 2Nd Floor, Jail Road, Virender Nagar, New Delhi 110058 ...... अपीलाथ"/Appellant Pan: Aaspa-4694-G बनाम Vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward -49(5) ..... "ितवादी/Respondent Delhi अपीलाथ" "ारा/Appellant By : S/Shri Lalit Mohan & Ankit Kumar, Advocates "ितवादी"ारा/Respondent By : Ms. Sudha Gupta, Sr.Dr सुनवाई क" ितिथ/ Date Of Hearing : 29/07/2025 घोषणा क" ितिथ/ Date Of Pronouncement : : 29/07/2025 आदेश/Order Per Vikas Awasthy, Jm: This Appeal By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Of Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi [In Short ‘The Cit(A)’] Dated 27.03.2025, For Assessment Year 2012-13. 2. The Assessee In Appeal Has Inter Alia Assailed Validity Of Assessment U/S. 147 Of The Income Tax Act,1961(Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’) As Well As, Addition On Merits.

For Appellant: S/Shri Lalit Mohan & Ankit Kumar, AdvocatesFor Respondent: Ms. Sudha Gupta, SR.DR
Section 144Section 147Section 148Section 69

Rs.43,00,000/- and had paid advance of Rs.5,00,000/- on 06.10.2011. The Assessing Officer (AO) made addition of Rs.43,00,000/- as unexplained investment u/s. 69 of the Act. The aforesaid addition was based on receipt dated 06.10.2011 which was allegedly issued by one Shri Rajesh Kumar