← All Phrases

“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Balwinder Kaur, Fatehabad, Haryana vs. ITO, Ward-1, Fatehabad, Haryana

In the result, the appeal of the Assessee stands allowed

ITA 446/CHANDI/2025[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh14 Oct 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita No. 446/Chd/2025 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2017-18 Balwinder Kaur, The Ito, बनाम W/O Sh. Sukhwant Singh Ward 1, Village Aherwan, Fatehabad Vs. P.O. Aherwan Ratia, Fatehabad, Haryana 125051 "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No. Gyzpk9424B अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent ( Hybrid Mode ) "नधा"रती क" ओर से/Assessee By : Sh. Parikshit Aggarwal, C.A. राज"व क" ओर से/ Revenue By : Shri Vivek Vardhan, Addl. Cit, Sr. Dr सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of Hearing : 31-07-2025 उदघोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of Pronouncement : 14-10-2025 आदेश/Order Per Krinwant Sahay, Am: Appeal In This Case Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 07.02.2025 Of Ld. Cit(A), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi.

For Appellant: Sh. Parikshit Aggarwal, C.AFor Respondent: Shri Vivek Vardhan, Addl. CIT, Sr. DR
Section 115BSection 142(1)Section 148Section 250Section 69Section 69A

Worthy CIT(A) has erred in confirming the addition made by the Ld. AO of Rs. 8,95,499/-u/s 69 on account of unexplained investment in acquisition of immovable asset even when the same was explained. 6. That on facts, circumstances and legal position of the case, Worthy

Ramalingam Ellalan, Erode vs. ACIT, Central Circle-2, Coimbatore

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 1129/CHNY/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai14 Oct 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri M. Balaganesh & Shri S.S. Viswanethra Raviआयकरअपीलसं./Ita No.:1129/Chny/2025 धििाारणवर्ा / Assessment Year:2018-19 Ramalingam Ellalan, The Assistant Commissioner 279/1, Sathy Road, Vs. Of Income Tax, Erode – 638 003. Central Circle-2 Tamil Nadu. Coimbatore. [Pan:Aafpe-9379-M] (अपीलार्थी/Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी/Respondent) अपीलार्थीकीओरसे/Appellant By : Mr. N. Arjun Raj, Advocate. प्रत्यर्थीकीओरसे/Respondent By : Ms. R. Anitha, Cit.

For Appellant: Mr. N. Arjun Raj, AdvocateFor Respondent: Ms. R. Anitha, CIT
Section 115BSection 133ASection 139(4)Section 143(1)Section 147Section 148

pertains to assessment year 17- 18. With regard to remaining sum of Rs 18,70,000/-, the Learned CITA observed that the same represent unexplained investment made during the year under consideration to be taxed at the enhanced rate of tax prescribed under section 115BBE of the Act. Aggrieved, only ... includes Rs 12,28,000/- which was paid subsequently to the data of availing the housing loan. Hence, the actual amount of unexplained investment made in the year under consideration is only Rs. 18,70,000 (Rs. 30,98,000 minus Rs. 12,28,000. However, the appellant had offered

Basera Realtors Private Limited, Ludhiana vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-1, Ludhiana

In the result, the appeal of the Assessee is dismissed

ITA 34/CHANDI/2022[2007-2008]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh13 Oct 2025AY 2007-2008

Bench: Shri Laliet Kumar & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita No. 34/Chd/2022 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2007-08 M/S Basera Realtors Pvt. Ltd., The Dcit, बनाम 10, Canal View, Near South Central Circle -1, City, Aggar Nagar, Ludhiana Vs. Ludhiana "थायी लेखा सं./ Pan No: Aaccb7360D अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent ( Physical Hearing ) "नधा"रती क" ओर से/Assessee By : None ( Adjournment Application ) राज"व क" ओर से/ Revenue By : Smt. Tarundeep Kaur, Cit Dr सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of Hearing : 09.10.2025 उदघोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of Pronouncement : 13.10.2025 आदेश/Order Per Krinwant Sahay, Am : Appeal In This Case Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 22.05.2017 Passed By The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-5, For A.Y. 2007- 08. 2. Grounds Of Appeal Are As Under:

For Appellant: None ( Adjournment Application )For Respondent: Smt. Tarundeep Kaur, CIT DR
Section 69

assessing 34-Chd-2022 Basera Realtors Pvt.Ltd., Ludhiana 2 officer out of total addition of Rs.4,18,87,582/- on account of unexplained investment u/s 69. 2. That without prejudice to Ground of Appeal No. 1, Ld CIT(A) erred in ignoring the fact that assessee owned only 50% share