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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Ishtiyaque Ahmed, Kolkata vs. DCIT/ACIT, CC-4(3), Kolkata

In the result, all the captioned appeals of the assessee are allowed

ITA 2071/KOL/2025[2022-2023]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata08 Dec 2025AY 2022-2023

Bench: Shri Rajesh Kumar & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubeyita Nos.2066 To 2071/Kol/2025 Assessment Years: 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23, 2019-20, 2020-21 & 2022-23 Ishtiyaque Ahmed……...……………..………………….……….……….……Appellant 55, Narkeldanga North Road, Narkeldanga, Kol-11.. [Pan: Ajxpa4337L] Vs. Dcit/Acit, Cc-4(3), Kolkata.……….…………………….....……...…..…..Respondent Appearances By: Shri Manish Tiwari, Ar Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Shri Subrata Aich, Addl. Cit, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : November 10, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : December 08, 2025 Order Per Pradip Kumar Choubey: The Captioned Appeals Have Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Separate Orders Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-27, Kolkata [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Cit(A)”] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”]. Ita Nos.2066 To 2068/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To The Quantum Additions & Ita Nos.2069 To 2071/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To Levying Of Penalty U/S 272A(1)(D) Of The Income Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The ‘Act’) Respectively. Since The Issues Involved In All The Appeals Are Interconnected & Relate To The Same Assessee, Therefore, These Appeals Have Been Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Common Order.

Section 132ASection 139(4)Section 143(2)Section 147Section 148Section 250Section 272A(1)(d)Section 44ASection 69

order u/s 147/143(3) of Act dated 28/02/2024 assessing total income at Rs 17,84,257/- by making addition of Rs.13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act. 3. Aggrieved by the said order, the assessee preferred an appeal before the ld. CIT(A) wherein ... perusing the orders of the lower authorities, we find that in respect of the addition of fixed assets of Rs,13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act, the assessee disclosed the property in the balance sheet

Ishtiyaque Ahmed, Kolkata vs. DCIT/ACIT, CC-4(3), Kolkata

In the result, all the captioned appeals of the assessee are allowed

ITA 2070/KOL/2025[2020-2021]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata08 Dec 2025AY 2020-2021

Bench: Shri Rajesh Kumar & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubeyita Nos.2066 To 2071/Kol/2025 Assessment Years: 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23, 2019-20, 2020-21 & 2022-23 Ishtiyaque Ahmed……...……………..………………….……….……….……Appellant 55, Narkeldanga North Road, Narkeldanga, Kol-11.. [Pan: Ajxpa4337L] Vs. Dcit/Acit, Cc-4(3), Kolkata.……….…………………….....……...…..…..Respondent Appearances By: Shri Manish Tiwari, Ar Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Shri Subrata Aich, Addl. Cit, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : November 10, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : December 08, 2025 Order Per Pradip Kumar Choubey: The Captioned Appeals Have Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Separate Orders Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-27, Kolkata [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Cit(A)”] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”]. Ita Nos.2066 To 2068/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To The Quantum Additions & Ita Nos.2069 To 2071/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To Levying Of Penalty U/S 272A(1)(D) Of The Income Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The ‘Act’) Respectively. Since The Issues Involved In All The Appeals Are Interconnected & Relate To The Same Assessee, Therefore, These Appeals Have Been Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Common Order.

Section 132ASection 139(4)Section 143(2)Section 147Section 148Section 250Section 272A(1)(d)Section 44ASection 69

order u/s 147/143(3) of Act dated 28/02/2024 assessing total income at Rs 17,84,257/- by making addition of Rs.13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act. 3. Aggrieved by the said order, the assessee preferred an appeal before the ld. CIT(A) wherein ... perusing the orders of the lower authorities, we find that in respect of the addition of fixed assets of Rs,13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act, the assessee disclosed the property in the balance sheet

Ishtiyaque Ahmed, Kolkata vs. DCIT/ACIT, CC-4(3), Kolkata

In the result, all the captioned appeals of the assessee are allowed

ITA 2069/KOL/2025[2019-2020]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata08 Dec 2025AY 2019-2020

Bench: Shri Rajesh Kumar & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubeyita Nos.2066 To 2071/Kol/2025 Assessment Years: 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23, 2019-20, 2020-21 & 2022-23 Ishtiyaque Ahmed……...……………..………………….……….……….……Appellant 55, Narkeldanga North Road, Narkeldanga, Kol-11.. [Pan: Ajxpa4337L] Vs. Dcit/Acit, Cc-4(3), Kolkata.……….…………………….....……...…..…..Respondent Appearances By: Shri Manish Tiwari, Ar Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Shri Subrata Aich, Addl. Cit, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : November 10, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : December 08, 2025 Order Per Pradip Kumar Choubey: The Captioned Appeals Have Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Separate Orders Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-27, Kolkata [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Cit(A)”] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”]. Ita Nos.2066 To 2068/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To The Quantum Additions & Ita Nos.2069 To 2071/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To Levying Of Penalty U/S 272A(1)(D) Of The Income Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The ‘Act’) Respectively. Since The Issues Involved In All The Appeals Are Interconnected & Relate To The Same Assessee, Therefore, These Appeals Have Been Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Common Order.

Section 132ASection 139(4)Section 143(2)Section 147Section 148Section 250Section 272A(1)(d)Section 44ASection 69

order u/s 147/143(3) of Act dated 28/02/2024 assessing total income at Rs 17,84,257/- by making addition of Rs.13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act. 3. Aggrieved by the said order, the assessee preferred an appeal before the ld. CIT(A) wherein ... perusing the orders of the lower authorities, we find that in respect of the addition of fixed assets of Rs,13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act, the assessee disclosed the property in the balance sheet

Ishtiyaque Ahmed, Kolkata vs. DCIT/ACIT, CC-4(3), Kolkata

In the result, all the captioned appeals of the assessee are allowed

ITA 2067/KOL/2025[2021-2022]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata08 Dec 2025AY 2021-2022

Bench: Shri Rajesh Kumar & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubeyita Nos.2066 To 2071/Kol/2025 Assessment Years: 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23, 2019-20, 2020-21 & 2022-23 Ishtiyaque Ahmed……...……………..………………….……….……….……Appellant 55, Narkeldanga North Road, Narkeldanga, Kol-11.. [Pan: Ajxpa4337L] Vs. Dcit/Acit, Cc-4(3), Kolkata.……….…………………….....……...…..…..Respondent Appearances By: Shri Manish Tiwari, Ar Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Shri Subrata Aich, Addl. Cit, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : November 10, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : December 08, 2025 Order Per Pradip Kumar Choubey: The Captioned Appeals Have Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Separate Orders Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-27, Kolkata [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Cit(A)”] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”]. Ita Nos.2066 To 2068/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To The Quantum Additions & Ita Nos.2069 To 2071/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To Levying Of Penalty U/S 272A(1)(D) Of The Income Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The ‘Act’) Respectively. Since The Issues Involved In All The Appeals Are Interconnected & Relate To The Same Assessee, Therefore, These Appeals Have Been Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Common Order.

Section 132ASection 139(4)Section 143(2)Section 147Section 148Section 250Section 272A(1)(d)Section 44ASection 69

order u/s 147/143(3) of Act dated 28/02/2024 assessing total income at Rs 17,84,257/- by making addition of Rs.13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act. 3. Aggrieved by the said order, the assessee preferred an appeal before the ld. CIT(A) wherein ... perusing the orders of the lower authorities, we find that in respect of the addition of fixed assets of Rs,13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act, the assessee disclosed the property in the balance sheet

Ishtiyaque Ahmed, Kolkata vs. DCIT/ACIT, CC - 4(3), Kolkata

In the result, all the captioned appeals of the assessee are allowed

ITA 2066/KOL/2025[2020-2021]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata08 Dec 2025AY 2020-2021

Bench: Shri Rajesh Kumar & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubeyita Nos.2066 To 2071/Kol/2025 Assessment Years: 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23, 2019-20, 2020-21 & 2022-23 Ishtiyaque Ahmed……...……………..………………….……….……….……Appellant 55, Narkeldanga North Road, Narkeldanga, Kol-11.. [Pan: Ajxpa4337L] Vs. Dcit/Acit, Cc-4(3), Kolkata.……….…………………….....……...…..…..Respondent Appearances By: Shri Manish Tiwari, Ar Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Shri Subrata Aich, Addl. Cit, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : November 10, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : December 08, 2025 Order Per Pradip Kumar Choubey: The Captioned Appeals Have Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Separate Orders Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-27, Kolkata [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Cit(A)”] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”]. Ita Nos.2066 To 2068/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To The Quantum Additions & Ita Nos.2069 To 2071/Kol/2025 Are Pertaining To Levying Of Penalty U/S 272A(1)(D) Of The Income Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The ‘Act’) Respectively. Since The Issues Involved In All The Appeals Are Interconnected & Relate To The Same Assessee, Therefore, These Appeals Have Been Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Of By This Common Order.

Section 132ASection 139(4)Section 143(2)Section 147Section 148Section 250Section 272A(1)(d)Section 44ASection 69

order u/s 147/143(3) of Act dated 28/02/2024 assessing total income at Rs 17,84,257/- by making addition of Rs.13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act. 3. Aggrieved by the said order, the assessee preferred an appeal before the ld. CIT(A) wherein ... perusing the orders of the lower authorities, we find that in respect of the addition of fixed assets of Rs,13,65,317/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act, the assessee disclosed the property in the balance sheet