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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Shree Murlidhar Jewellers, Jamnagar vs. The Pr.CIT-IV, Jamnagar

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 27/RJT/2020[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot02 Aug 2023AY 2016-17

Bench: Smt.Annapurna Gupta & Shri T.R. Senthil Kumarassessment Year :2016-17 Shree Murlidharjewellers Vs. The Pr.Cit-4 Chandi Bazar Jamnagar. Jamnagar 361 001. Pan : Aaifs 4781 N अपीलाथ"/ (Appellant) "" यथ"/(Respondent) Assesseeby : Shri D.M. Rindani, Ar Revenue By : Shri Shramdeep Sinha, Ld.Cit-Dr सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of Hearing : 17/05/2023 घोषणा क" तार"ख /Date Of Pronouncement: 02/08/2023 आदेश/O R D E R Per Annapurna Guptapresent Appeal Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against Order Passed By The Ld.Pr.Commissioner Of Income-Tax)-4, Jamnagar [Hereinafter Referred To As “Ld.Pr.Cit)”] Dated 11.12.2019In Exercise Of His Revisionary Power Under Section 263 Of The Income Tax Act , 1961 ("The Act" For Short) Over The Assessment Order Passed U/S 143(3) Of The Act Pertaining To Asst.Year 2016-17. 2. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Before Us: I) The Learned Principal Commissioner Of Income-Tax - 4, Jamnagar Erred In Assuming Jurisdiction U/S 263 Of The Act, Particularly In The Light Of Reasons Stated By Him In The Show Cause Notice & In The Order Passed U/S 263 Of The Act & Hence The Impugned Order Is Bad In Law. 2 Ii) The Learned Principal Commissioner Of Income-Tax - 4, Jamnagar Erred In Directing The Assessing Officer To Make Addition Of Rs. 70,89,098/- U/S 69 Of The Act By Failing To Appreciate That Provisions Of Section 69 Were Not Attracted In.”

For Appellant: Shri D.M. Rindani, ARFor Respondent: Shri Shramdeep Sinha, ld.CIT-DR
Section 115BSection 143(3)Section 263Section 69

business income and allowing set off expenses against the same, while, as per the ld.Pr.CIT, the same ought to have been treated as unexplained investment and subjected to tax ,without setting off any expenses, at the rate prescribed u/s 115BBE of the Act. 4. Para-2 of the ld.Pr.CIT ... source of such investment in stock, the surrendered stock could not be treated as part of business but was to be treated as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act and further was to be taxed at the rates prescribed u/s 115BBE of the Act. He directed

Ravi Mahexa, Daman and Diu vs. Income Tax Officer, Daman Ward, Daman

ITA 195/SRT/2022[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Surat31 Jul 2023AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh, Jm & Dr. A. L. Saini, Am आयकर अपील सं./Ita Nos.193 To 195/Srt/2022 Assessment Years: (2015-16 To 2017-18) (Physical Hearing) Ravi Mahexa, Vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-5, 7Th 14/55, Dilipnagar Near Dilip Nagar Vapi, Fortune Square, Floor, 8Th Floor & 9Th Floor, Ii, Ground, Daman, Daman – 396210, Daman & Diu (Ut) Chala Road, Vapi-396191 Ravi Mahexa Income Tax Officer, Daman 14/55, Dilipnagar Near Dilip Nagar Ward, Daman Jevanji Ground, Daman, Daman & Diu (Ut) - Apartment, Kavi Khabardar 396210 Road, Daman-396210 Vapi "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Apkpm1888H (Assessee) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri P. M. Jagasheth, Ca Respondent By Shri Minal Kamble, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing 19/07/2023 Date Of Pronouncement 31/07/2023

Section 115BSection 143(3)Section 145(3)Section 40ASection 68

195/SRT/2022 Ravi Mahexa confirming the action of assessing officer in making the addition of Rs.4,31,479/- on account of alleged unexplained investment to the fixed assets.” (v) Ground No.5 raised by the assessee, in ITA No. 194/SRT/2022, is as follows: “On the facts on the facts and circumstances ... Income Tax (Appeals) has erred in confirming the action of assessing officer in making the addition of Rs.4,31,479/- on account of alleged unexplained investment to the fixed assets.” 55. Succinct facts qua the issue (facts as per ITA No.194/SRT/22) are that during the year under consideration, assessee

Ravi Mahexa, Daman and Diu vs. Income Tax Officer, Daman Ward, Daman

ITA 194/SRT/2022[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Surat31 Jul 2023AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh, Jm & Dr. A. L. Saini, Am आयकर अपील सं./Ita Nos.193 To 195/Srt/2022 Assessment Years: (2015-16 To 2017-18) (Physical Hearing) Ravi Mahexa, Vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-5, 7Th 14/55, Dilipnagar Near Dilip Nagar Vapi, Fortune Square, Floor, 8Th Floor & 9Th Floor, Ii, Ground, Daman, Daman – 396210, Daman & Diu (Ut) Chala Road, Vapi-396191 Ravi Mahexa Income Tax Officer, Daman 14/55, Dilipnagar Near Dilip Nagar Ward, Daman Jevanji Ground, Daman, Daman & Diu (Ut) - Apartment, Kavi Khabardar 396210 Road, Daman-396210 Vapi "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Apkpm1888H (Assessee) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri P. M. Jagasheth, Ca Respondent By Shri Minal Kamble, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing 19/07/2023 Date Of Pronouncement 31/07/2023

Section 115BSection 143(3)Section 145(3)Section 40ASection 68

195/SRT/2022 Ravi Mahexa confirming the action of assessing officer in making the addition of Rs.4,31,479/- on account of alleged unexplained investment to the fixed assets.” (v) Ground No.5 raised by the assessee, in ITA No. 194/SRT/2022, is as follows: “On the facts on the facts and circumstances ... Income Tax (Appeals) has erred in confirming the action of assessing officer in making the addition of Rs.4,31,479/- on account of alleged unexplained investment to the fixed assets.” 55. Succinct facts qua the issue (facts as per ITA No.194/SRT/22) are that during the year under consideration, assessee