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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Bhupendrakumar Balvantlal Gandhi, Surat vs. Income Tax Officer - Ward 1(3)(1), Surat

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 687/SRT/2023[2008-09]Status: DisposedITAT Surat13 Dec 2023AY 2008-09

Bench: Dr. A. L. Saini, Am आयकर अपील सं./Ita No.687/Srt/2023 ("नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year: (2008-09) (Hybrid Hearing) Bhupendrakumar Balvantlal Income Tax Officer, Ward- Gandhi 1(3)(1), Surat, Aaykar Bhavan, Vs. 36 Jai Ambe Society, B/H Arjun Majura Gatre, Surat-395001 Complex, Bhatar Road, Surat- 395001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Agapg 3261 D (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ" /Respondent) िनधा"रती की ओर से /Assessee By Shri Mehul Shah, Ca िनधा"रती की ओर से /Respondent By Shri Vinod Kumar, Sr. Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing 11/12/2023 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement 13/12/2023 आदेश / Order Per Dr. A. L. Saini, Am: Captioned Appeal Filed By The Assessee, Pertaining To Assessment Year (Ay) 2008-09, Is Directed Against The Order Passed By The National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi [In Short, “Nfac/Ld. Cit(A)”] Dated 11.08.2023, Which In Turn Arises Out Of An Assessment Order Passed By The Income Tax Officer Ward-1(3)(1), Surat, Under Section 144 R.W.S 147 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short ‘The Act’), Dated 18.03.2016. 2. Grounds Of Appeal Raised By The Assessee Are As Follows: “1. On The Facts & Circumstances Of The Case As Well As Law On The Subject, The Learned Cit(A) Has Erred In Confirming The Action Of Assessing Officer In Reopening Assessment U/S 147 Of Ethe Act By Issuing Notice U/S 148 Of The It Act 1961. 2. On The Facts & Circumstances Of The Case As Well As Law On The Subject, The Learned Cit(A) Has Erred In Confirming The Action Of Assessing Officer By Sustaining The Addition Of Rs.13,79,000/- U/S 68 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 On Account Of Unexplained Cash Credit.

Section 133(6)Section 144Section 147Section 148Section 68Section 69

books of account, bill /vouchers, statement of share transaction etc., therefore assessing officer made addition to the tune of Rs.11,35,468/-, as unexplained investment and brought to tax u/s 69 of the Act. 6. Aggrieved by these two additions made by the Assessing Officer, the assessee carried the matter