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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Heena Textile Limited, Mumbai vs. Income Tax Officer-Ward 4(2)(3), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 3326/MUM/2023[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai31 Jan 2024AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Br Baskaran, Am Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3326/Mum/2023 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Heena Textile Ltd बिधम/ Ito-4(2)(3) Office No. 301, B-65, Aaykar Bhawan, Vs. Standford Plaza, New Link Mumbai-400020. Road, Opp Citi Mall, Nr. Morya House, Mumbai- 400053. स्थधयी लेखध सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aacch0454N (अपीलार्थी /Assessee) .. (प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent) Assessee By: None Revenue By: Shri P. D. Chogule (Dr) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 29/01/2024 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 31/01/2024 आदेश / O R D E R Per Aby T. Varkey, Jm: This Is An Appeal Preferred By The Assessee Company Against The Order Of The Ld. Cit(A)/Nfac, Delhi Dated 27.07.2023 For The Ay. 2012-13. 2. The Assessee Has Challenged The Action Of The Ld. Cit(A) Sustaining The Disallowance Of Expense To The Tune Of Rs.12,30,870/- Which According To The Assessee Was Incurred During The Normal Course Of Business. The Assessee Is Also Aggrieved By The Action Of The Ld. Cit(A) Confirming The Action Of The Ao Making An Addition Of Rs.2,73,97,900/- U/S 68 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter “The Act”).

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri P. D. Chogule (DR)
Section 144Section 37Section 68Section 69

Best judgment assessment), wherein the AO has made the following additions/disallowance (i) disallowance u/s 37 of the Act of Rs.12,30,870/-, (ii) unexplained investments u/s 69 of the Act of Rs.89,09,854/- and (iii) unexplained cash credit u/s 68 of the Act of Rs.2,73,97,900/- [total ... taking note that the assessee is not into the business of money lending, the AO treated the increase of Rs.89,09,854/- as unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act and made an addition of the same. However, the Ld. CIT(A) noted that section 69 of the Act will