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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Dushyantsingh Y Chudasama, Vadodara vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(2)(4), Vadodara

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 530/AHD/2024[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad03 Jan 2025AY 2010-11

Bench: Shri T.R. Senthil Kumar & Shri Narendra Prasad Sinhaआयकर अपील सं./I.T.A. No. 530/Ahd/2024 ("नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2010-11) बनाम/ Dushyantsingh Y Income Tax Officer Chudasama Ward-1(2)(4), Vadodara Vs. 23, Shreeji Krupa Society, Behind Kalpvruksh Complex, Gotri Road, Vadodara, Gurarat - 391774 "थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Acrpc1888M (Appellant) .. (Respondent) अपीलाथ" ओर से /Appellant By : Shri A. K. Khandelwal, A.R. ""यथ" क" ओर से/Respondent By : Shri Rignesh Das, Sr. Dr 19/12/2024 Date Of Hearing Date Of Pronouncement 03/01/2025

For Appellant: Shri A. K. Khandelwal, A.RFor Respondent: Shri Rignesh Das, Sr. DR
Section 143(3)Section 147Section 57Section 71

assessee did not explain the difference amount of Rs.12,39,370/- (Rs.26,37,000-Rs.13,97,630), the same was treated as unexplained investment and added to the income of the assessee. 8.1 The Ld. AR of the assessee explained that the share of the assessee in the said property ... shareholding of the co-owners in the property had to be considered in equal proportion. The AO had, therefore, rightly added the balance unexplained investment of Rs.12,39,370/- on the part of the assessee. The addition as upheld by the Ld. CIT(A) is, therefore, confirmed. The ground taken

Pravin Harchandrai Agarwal (HUF), Bhiwandi vs. Income Tax Ward 1(1), Kalyan

In the result, the assessee succeeds in the present appeal

ITA 4751/MUM/2024[2015-2016]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai03 Jan 2025AY 2015-2016

Bench: Shri Narender Kumar Choudhryassessment Year: 2011-12 Shri Sanjay Haresh The Income Tax Officer, Mulchandani Ward, 19 (3) (1), 4-C Ajanta Apartments, M L Vs. Piramal Chamber, Dhanukar Marg, Peddar Road, Mumbai – 400013. Mumbai – 40026 Pan – Aadpm 3393 B (Appellant) (Respondent) Present For: Assessee By : Shri Harsh Kapadia & Nitin Khinchi, Ld. Ars Revenue By : Shri Sandeep Jumale, Ld. Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing : 20.11.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 30.12.2025 O R D E R Per : Narender Kumar Choudhry: This Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 08.07.2025, Impugned Herein, Passed By The National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac)/Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) (In Short Ld. Commissioner) U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short ‘The Act’) For The A.Y. 2011-12. 2. In The Instant Case, The Assessee Along With His Uncle Had Purchased A Flat In Iscon Platinum, Ahmedabad On A Consideration Of Rs. 59,30,000/- Through Cheques. Subsequently, Search Under Section 132 Of The Act Was Conducted By The Investigation Wing, In The Case Of Jp Iscon

For Appellant: Shri Harsh Kapadia & Nitin KhinchiFor Respondent: Shri Sandeep Jumale, Ld. Sr. DR
Section 132Section 143(1)Section 147Section 148Section 250

reproduction of the document found in the search. However, the Ld. AO proceeded to make made addition of Rs. 19,65,150/- as unexplained investment under Section 69 of the Act. While making the addition, the Ld. Assessing Officer made the following observations: "In response to above notices, the assessee ... cash quantum paid by the assessee. In absence of any corroborative evidence submitted by the assessee, the cash payment of Rs.1965150/- is treated as unexplained investment of the assessee and added to the total income u/s. 69 of the Act. Penalty proceedings

Paul Nadar Jacab Thomas, Tiruppur vs. ITO, Ward-2(4), Tiruppur

The appeals stand allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 2606/CHNY/2024[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai02 Jan 2025AY 2014-15

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri S.S. Viswanethra Ravi, Jm & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकरअपील सं./ Ita No.2605/Chny/2024 (िनधा)रण वष) / Assessment Year: 2013-14) & 2. आयकरअपील सं./ Ita No.2606/Chny/2024 (िनधा)रण वष) / Assessment Year: 2014-15) Mr. Paul Nadar Jacab Thomas Ito बनाम 5/55, Bu Illam, Sindhu Nagar, Ward-2(4), / Vs. Udumalaipettai, Tirupur-642 126. Tiruppur. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Ahnpj-9583-B (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ" कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Shri Raghav Rajeev Menon (Advocate)- Ld.Ar " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri R.Raghupathy (Addl.Cit) - Ld. Sr. Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 18-12-2024 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 02-01-2025 आदेश / O R D E R Manoj Kumar Aggarwal ()

For Appellant: Shri Raghav Rajeev Menon (Advocate)- Ld.ARFor Respondent: Shri R.Raghupathy (Addl.CIT) - Ld. Sr. DR
Section 147Section 69A

addition of cash deposits of Rs.145.84 Lacs in AY 2013-14 and addition of Rs.166.43 Lacs for AY 2014-15 on account of unexplained investment u/s.69A of the Act. The assessments have been made on best judgment basis. Though the assessee preferred further appeals, it failed to make any representation

Paul Nadar Jacab Thomas, Tiruppur vs. ITO, Ward-2(4), Tiruppur

The appeals stand allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 2605/CHNY/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai02 Jan 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri S.S. Viswanethra Ravi, Jm & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकरअपील सं./ Ita No.2605/Chny/2024 (िनधा)रण वष) / Assessment Year: 2013-14) & 2. आयकरअपील सं./ Ita No.2606/Chny/2024 (िनधा)रण वष) / Assessment Year: 2014-15) Mr. Paul Nadar Jacab Thomas Ito बनाम 5/55, Bu Illam, Sindhu Nagar, Ward-2(4), / Vs. Udumalaipettai, Tirupur-642 126. Tiruppur. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Ahnpj-9583-B (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ" कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Shri Raghav Rajeev Menon (Advocate)- Ld.Ar " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri R.Raghupathy (Addl.Cit) - Ld. Sr. Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 18-12-2024 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 02-01-2025 आदेश / O R D E R Manoj Kumar Aggarwal ()

For Appellant: Shri Raghav Rajeev Menon (Advocate)- Ld.ARFor Respondent: Shri R.Raghupathy (Addl.CIT) - Ld. Sr. DR
Section 147Section 69A

addition of cash deposits of Rs.145.84 Lacs in AY 2013-14 and addition of Rs.166.43 Lacs for AY 2014-15 on account of unexplained investment u/s.69A of the Act. The assessments have been made on best judgment basis. Though the assessee preferred further appeals, it failed to make any representation

Sagar Jewellers, Porbandar vs. DCIT, Circle-2(1), Jamnagar

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 222/RJT/2024[2019-2020]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot01 Jan 2025AY 2019-2020

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.222/Rjt/2024 ("नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year: (2019-20) (Hybrid Hearing) Sagar Jewellers Vs. Dcit Zaveri Bazar, Porbandar, Gujarat Circle-2(1), Jamnagar 360575 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Adbfs5410L (Assessee) (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri K. C. Thaker, Ar Respondent By : Shri Sanjay Punglia, Cit.Dr Date Of Hearing : 01/10/2024 Date Of Pronouncement : 01/01/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per Dr. A. L. Saini, Am: By Way Of This Appeal, The Assessee Has Challenged The Correctness Of The Order Passed By The Learned Principal Commissioner Of Income Tax (In Short ‘The Pcit’), Under Section 263 Of The Income-Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’), Dated 21.02.2024, For The Assessment Year (In Short ‘A.Y.’) 2019-20. 2. The Grievances Raised By The Assessee Are As Follows:

For Appellant: Shri K. C. Thaker, ARFor Respondent: Shri Sanjay Punglia, CIT.DR
Section 115BSection 133ASection 143(3)Section 263Section 69

Income-tax v. Deccan jewellera (P.) Ltd. AUGUST 2, 2021 held: Section 69 read with section 263, of the Income-tax Act, 1961 Unexplained investments (Stock) - Assessee was engaged in business of gold and diamond jewellery and silver articles - Search and seizure operation under section 132 was conducted in case