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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Income Tax Officer, Mumbai vs. Bhagwandas Bherumal Adani, Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of the revenue is dismissed, and the cross-

ITA 5026/MUM/2024[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai13 May 2025AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Sandeep Gosain & Smt. Renu Jauhriआयकर अपील सं./Ita No. 5026/Mum/2024 (निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Year :2016-17) Ito Room No. 522A, Kautilya Bhawan, Bkc, Bandra, Maharashtra-400051 V/S. बनाम Bhagwandas Bherumal Adani Flat No. 63, 6Th Floor, Seva View Bldg., Juhu Tara Road, Juhu, Maharashtra- 400054 स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No: Akupa3831H Appellant/अपीलार्थी .. Respondent/प्रतिवादी प्रति आपत्ति सं./ Co No. 273/Mum/2024 (Arising Out Of Ita No. 5026/Mum/2024) (निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Year :2016-17) Bhagwandas Bherumal Adani B-302, Sabita Building, 16Th Road, Bandra West, Maharashtra-400050 V/S. बनाम Ito-1.1.1, Mumbai Room No. 522A, Kautilya Bhawan, Bkc, Bandra, Maharashtra-400051 स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No: Akupa3831H Appellant/अपीलार्थी .. Respondent/प्रतिवादी निर्धारिती की ओर से / Assessee By: Shri Subhash Bains राजस्व की ओर से /Revenue By: Shri Leyaqat Ali Aafaqui सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing 18.03.2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement 13.05.2025 Page 2

For Appellant: Shri Subhash BainsFor Respondent: Shri Leyaqat Ali Aafaqui
Section 250Section 69

Rs.5,32,83,600/-made by the A.O. for AY 2016-17 on account of loan balance treated as unexplained investment u/s 69 the IT Act." 2. "Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law the Ld. CIT(A) is correct in not appreciating the fact

Ms. Lucky Furniture, Kolhapur vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income-Tax, Central Circle, Kolhapur

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee stands allowed

ITA 1905/PUN/2024[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Pune08 May 2025AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri R. K. Panda & Shri Vinay Bhamoreआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.1905/Pun/2024 िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2019-20 M/S. Lucky Furniture, Vs. Acit, Central Circle, 215/11, Opp. Konduskar Petrol Kolhapur. Pump, Nh 4, Gokul Shirgaon, Kolhapur- 416234. Pan : Aagfl7482B Appellant Respondent Assessee By : Shri Bhuvanesh Kankani Revenue By Shri Ramnath P. Murkunde : Date Of Hearing : 11.02.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 08.05.2025 आदेश / Order Per Vinay Bhamore, Jm: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Dated 30.08.2024 Passed By Ld. Cit(A), Pune-11 [‘Ld. Cit(A)’] For The Assessment Year 2019-20. 2. The Appellant Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal :- “1. On The Facts & Circumstances Prevailing In The Case & As Per Provisions & Scheme Of The Income-Tax Act, 1961 ('The Act') It Be Held That The Excess Stock Of Rs.52,45,600/- Found During Survey, Be Taxed Under The Head "Profit & Gains From Business & Profession'. Accordingly, The Addition So Made By The Ld. Ao By Categorizing Said Excess Stock Of Rs.52,45,600/-

For Appellant: Shri Bhuvanesh Kankani
Section 115BSection 133ASection 68Section 69B

However, Ld. CIT(A) held that the said additional income of Rs.52,45,600/- shall be taxable u/s 69B of the IT Act as unexplained investment instead of u/s 68 of the IT Act. It is this order against which the assesse is in appeal before this Tribunal ... offered for taxation as an additional income. Therefore, the amount representing excess stock 6 is certainly undisclosed business income and cannot be termed as unexplained investment. Therefore, the presumption is to be drawn that the additional income was derived from the business. Thus, it cannot be said that the source

Vinod Laljibhai Vadsola, Timbadi vs. ITO, Ward-1, Morbi

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 939/RJT/2024[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot07 May 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकर अपील सं./Ita No. 939/Rjt/2024 ("नधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: (2017-18) Vinod Laljibhai Vadsola Income Tax Officer, Ward-1, Vill. Timbadi, Tal: Morbi- Morbi-363 641 Vs. 363 641 "थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Alnpv 3995 K (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) "नधा"रती क" ओर से/Appellant By : Shri Rajendra Singhal, A.R. राज"व क" ओर से/Respondent By : Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Sr. D.R. सुनवाई क" तार"ख/ Date Of Hearing : 05/05/2025 घोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of Pronouncement : 07/05/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per Dr. Arjun Lal Saini: Captioned Appeal Filed By The Assessee, Pertaining To Assessment Order (Ay) 2017-18, Is Directed Against The Order Passed By The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax(Appeals) / National Faceless Appeal Centre, Delhi (In Short “Cit(A)”, Dated 09.08.2024, Which In Turn Arises Out Assessment Order Passed By The Assessing Officer U/S 147 R.W.S. 144B Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As “The Act” Dated 25.05.2023. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal:- 2. “The Grounds Of Appeal Mentioned Hereunder Are Without Prejudice To One Another. 1. The Ld.Cit(Appeals) Has Erred In Law & On The Facts In Holding Assessment Proceedings As Valid Through: A. The Notice U/S 148 Of The Act Has Been Issued By The Ito, Ward-1, Morbi In Violation Of The Provisions Of Sec. 151A Of Act & The Ita No. 939/Rjt/2024 A.Y.17-18 Vinod L. Vadsola

For Appellant: Shri Rajendra Singhal, A.RFor Respondent: Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Sr. D.R
Section 147Section 148Section 148ASection 149Section 151Section 151ASection 69A

Ld.CIT(A) has erred in law and on the facts in upholding addition of Rs.26,28,000/- u/s 69A of the Act for unexplained investment in LLP. 3. The Ld. CIT(A) has erred in law and on the facts in upholding addition of Rs.9