M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi

2021 SCC OnLine SC 575Reported decision2021#1064 most cited

What is M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi authority for?

A tax provision is retrospective only if legislative intent is explicit or if it is purely clarificatory and does not alter existing law. Provisions framed 'for the removal of doubts' are not presumed to be retrospective if they change the law as it stood.

102

judgments rely on this decision, according to BharatTax’s citation analysis of 366,339 Indian tax judgments — from 2022 to 2025.

Also referred to as

M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. v. CIT · retrospective tax law · clarificatory provision · legislative intent · removal of doubts · tax amendment retrospectivity · Section 43B · Section 80IA · Income Tax Act retrospectivity

Sections most often in play

Section 80IASection 143(3)Section 14ASection 40(a)(ii)Section 43BSection 119Section 14A(2)Section 2(42A)

Issues it is cited on

section 43(b)section 3(b)section 34(1)(iv)actual payment basissection 36(va)section 43b(b)section 34(1)section 36(1)(iv)section 40a(2)section 250ofsection 9(1)(ii)section 41

Judgments citing M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi

M/S. Calcutta Springs Ltd., Kolkata vs. D.C.I.T., CC- 1(2), Kolkata

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 767/KOL/2022[2014-2015]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata11 Jul 2023AY 2014-2015

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav, Vice- & Shri Rajesh Kumar

Section 14ASection 2(24)(x)Section 36(1)(va)

…ITA No. 769/KOL/2022 (A.Y. 2019-2020) & M/s. Calcutta Springs Limited IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, ‘C’ BENCH, KOLKATA Before Shri Rajpal Yadav, Vice-President & Shri Rajesh Kumar, Accountant Member I.T.A. No. 769/KOL/2022 Assessment Year: 2019-2020 M/s. Calcutta Springs Limited,..............Appellant C/o. M/s. Salarpuria Jajodia & Co., 7, C.R. Avenue, 3rd Floor, Kolkata-700072 [PAN:AAACC9765H] -Vs.- Assessing Officer, CPC, Bengaluru,.......Respondent Bengaluru-560500, Karnataka & I.T.A. No. 767/KOL/2022 Assessment Year: 2014-2015 M/s. Calcutta Springs Limited,..............Appellant C/o. M/s. Salar…

M/S. Bengal Shristi Infrastructure Development Ltd., Durgapur vs. A.C.I.T., Circle - 2, Durgapur

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 534/KOL/2022[2013-2014]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata07 Jul 2023AY 2013-2014

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav, Vice- & Shri Rajesh Kumar

Section 14ASection 250

…ITA No. 534/KOL/2022 Assessment Year : 2013-2014 M/s. Bengal Shristi Infrstructure Development Limited IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, ‘C’ BENCH, KOLKATA Before Shri Rajpal Yadav, Vice-President & Shri Rajesh Kumar, Accountant Member I.T.A. No. 534/KOL/2022 Assessment Year: 2013-2014 M/s. Bengal Shristi Infrastructure Development Limited,................................Appellant BUG-5, Upper Ground Floor, Durgapur City Centre, Durgapur-713216, West Bengal [PAN:AABCB8990N] -Vs.- Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax,....Respondent Circle-2, Durgapur, Aayakar Bhawan Annexue, City Centre, Durgapur-713216, W…

M/S. Raj Pipes, Rajnandgaon vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle- 1(1), Raipur

ITA 150/RPR/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur04 Jul 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood

For Appellant: Shri Nikhilesh Begani, CAFor Respondent: Shri Choudhary N.C. Roy, Sr. DR
Section 36(1)(va)

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Ltd, Raipur vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax-4(1), Raipur

In the result, the appeal of the assessee in ITA No

ITA 81/RPR/2020[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur04 Jul 2023AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpiaआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.81/Rpr/2020 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2011-12 Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Ltd. Executive Director (Fin.), Csptcl, Second Floor, Sldc Building, Cseb Office Campus, Danginiya Raipur-492 013 (C.G.) Pan : Aadcc5773E .......अपीलाथ" / Appellant बनाम / V/S. The Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, Circle-4(1), Raipur (C.G.) ……""यथ" / Respondent

For Appellant: Shri R.B Doshi, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR
Section 143(2)Section 143(3)

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of 23 Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Ltd. ITA No.81/RPR/2020 accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on…

Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Limited, Raipur vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle-4(1), Raipur

In the result, the appeal of the assessee in ITA No

ITA 143/RPR/2019[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur04 Jul 2023AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpiaआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.81/Rpr/2020 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2011-12 Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Ltd. Executive Director (Fin.), Csptcl, Second Floor, Sldc Building, Cseb Office Campus, Danginiya Raipur-492 013 (C.G.) Pan : Aadcc5773E .......अपीलाथ" / Appellant बनाम / V/S. The Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, Circle-4(1), Raipur (C.G.) ……""यथ" / Respondent

For Appellant: Shri R.B Doshi, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR
Section 143(2)Section 143(3)

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of 23 Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Ltd. ITA No.81/RPR/2020 accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on…

Graphite India Ltd., Kolkata vs. Pr.CIT-4, Kolkata

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is treated as partly allowed

ITA 1013/KOL/2019[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata03 Jul 2023AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav, Vice- & Shri Rajesh Kumar

Section 115JSection 143(3)Section 14ASection 263Section 263(1)Section 40A(2)(b)

…ITA No. 1013/KOL/2019 Assessment Year : 2014-2015 Graphite India Limited IN THE INCOME TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL, ‘A’ BENCH, KOLKATA Before Shri Rajpal Yadav, Vice-President & Shri Rajesh Kumar, Accountant Member I.T.A. No. 1013/KOL/2019 Assessment Year: 2014-2015 Graphite India Limited,..........................Appellant 31, Chowringhee Road, Kolkata-700016 [PAN: AAACC0457C] -Vs.- Principal Commissioner of Income Tax-4,..Respondent Kolkata, Aayakar Bhawan, 6th Floor, P-7, Chowringhee Square, Kolkata-700069 Appearances by: Shri Soumen Adak, FCA & Shri Amit Agarwal, C.A., appeared on behalf of the assesseee Shri…

S.S.Flexi Pack Private Limited, Raipur vs. ACIT-Circle-1(1), Raipur

ITA 97/RPR/2021[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur03 Jul 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpiaआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.97/Rpr/2021 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2018-19 S.S. Flexi Pack Private Limited Near Barkha Hotel, Station Road, Raipur (C.G.)-492 001 Pan: Aahcs3562K .......अपीलाथ" / Appellant बनाम / V/S. The Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, Circle-1(1), Raipur (C.G.) ……""यथ" / Respondent

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri S. K. Meena, CIT-DR
Section 143(1)Section 36(1)(va)Section 43Section 43B

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making 10 S.S. Flexi Pack Private Limited Vs. ACIT, Circle-1(1), Raipur provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual…

Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Co. Ltd., Raipur vs. Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax-1(1), Raipur

In the result, the appeal of the assessee in ITA No

ITA 24/RPR/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur15 Jun 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpiaआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.16/Rpr/2017 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2009-10 Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Ltd. O/O. Executive Director-Finance Ground Floor, Vidyut Seva Bhawan, Daganiya, Raipur-492 001 (C.G.) Pan : Aadcc5772F .......अपीलाथ" / Appellant बनाम / V/S. The Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, Circle-1(2), Raipur (C.G.) ……""यथ" / Respondent आयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.24/Rpr/2022 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2018-19 Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Ltd. Ground Floor, Vidyut Seva Bhawan, Daganiya, Raipur-492 001 (C.G.) Pan : Aadcc5772F .......अपीलाथ" / Appellant बनाम / V/S.

For Appellant: Shri R.B Doshi, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR
Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 32

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

The Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited, Raipur, Raipur (Cg) vs. The Asstt. Commissioner of Income Tax 1(2), Raipur, Raipur (Cg)

In the result, the appeal of the assessee in ITA No

ITA 16/BIL/2017[2009-10]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur15 Jun 2023AY 2009-10

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpiaआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.16/Rpr/2017 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2009-10 Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Ltd. O/O. Executive Director-Finance Ground Floor, Vidyut Seva Bhawan, Daganiya, Raipur-492 001 (C.G.) Pan : Aadcc5772F .......अपीलाथ" / Appellant बनाम / V/S. The Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, Circle-1(2), Raipur (C.G.) ……""यथ" / Respondent आयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.24/Rpr/2022 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2018-19 Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Ltd. Ground Floor, Vidyut Seva Bhawan, Daganiya, Raipur-492 001 (C.G.) Pan : Aadcc5772F .......अपीलाथ" / Appellant बनाम / V/S.

For Appellant: Shri R.B Doshi, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR
Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 32

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

Gayatri Construction, Raigarh vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-1, Raigarh

ITA 9/RPR/2022[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

Gayatri Construction, Raigarh vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-1, Raigarh

ITA 8/RPR/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

Mutyala Mohan, Bhilai vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle-1(1), Bhilai

ITA 76/RPR/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

Panchsheel Engineering Works, Bilaspur vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-2(1), Bilaspur

ITA 7/RPR/2022[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

Panchsheel Engineering Works, Bilaspur vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-2(1), Bilaspur

ITA 6/RPR/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

M/S Sumeet Synfab (India) Pvt. Ltd., Raipur vs. Assistant Director of Income Tax, CPC, Bengaluru

ITA 59/RPR/2022[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

M/S Alankar Steels Pvt. Ltd., Raipur vs. Assistant Director of Income Tax, CPC, Begaluru

ITA 58/RPR/2022[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

Shri Ashok Kumar Yadav, Korba vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle-1(1), Bilaspur

ITA 52/RPR/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

M/S Neelkantham Systems Pvt. Ltd, Korba vs. Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Center, Delhi

ITA 51/RPR/2022[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

M/S Rajendra Engineering Enterprises, Korba vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle-1(1), Bilaspur

ITA 50/RPR/2022[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…

M/S Rajendra Engineering Enterprises, Korba vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle-1(1), Bilaspur

ITA 49/RPR/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Raipur12 Jun 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Ravish Sood & Shri Arun Khodpia

For Appellant: Shri Abhishek Mahawar, CAFor Respondent: Shri V.K Singh, CIT-DR

…nuation fund or any fund set up under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, or any other fund for the welfare of such employees constituted income. This is the reason why every assessee(s) M.M. Aqua Technologies Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 575. [employer(s)] was entitled to deduction even prior to 1-4-1984, on mercantile system of accounting as a business expenditure by making provision in his books of accounts in that regard. In other words, if an assessee(s) [employer(s)] is maintaining his books on accrual system of accounting, even after collecting the contribution from…