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Facts
The assessee filed an appeal against the order of the CIT(A) for AY 2021-22. The primary issue was the validity of the assessment proceedings, specifically challenging the notice issued under Section 143(2) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Held
The Tribunal held that the notice issued under Section 143(2) was not in the prescribed format as per the CBDT instructions, making it invalid and void ab initio. Consequently, the assessment order and all subsequent proceedings were also quashed.
Key Issues
Whether the notice issued under Section 143(2) of the Income Tax Act is invalid if it does not adhere to the format prescribed by the CBDT instructions, and if such invalidity vitiates the entire assessment proceedings.
Sections Cited
143(3), 143(2), 119
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Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, DELHI BENCH “A” NEW DELHI
Before: SHRI CHALLA NAGENDRA PRASAD & SHRI M BALAGANESH
सुनवाईक�तारीख/ Date of hearing: 19.08.2025 27.08.2025 उ�ोषणाक�तारीख/Pronouncement on आदेश /O R D E R PER C.N. PRASAD, J.M.
This appeal is filed by the Assessee against the order of the Ld. Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals)-NFAC, Delhi dated 29.01.2024 for the AY 2021-22. The assessee in her appeal raised the following grounds:
“Ground 1 Validity of assessment proceedings/order
Ground 1.1 That on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law, the impugned assessment completed vide order dated 29.12.2022 passed by the Assessing Officer u/s 143(3) of the Act being barred by limitation is illegal, bad in law and is void ab initio and thus liable to be quashed.
Ground 1.2 That on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law, Assessing Officer while passing the assessment order mentioned the objections raised in the case of some other appellant, hence impugned order passed in a haste manner, without any application of mind and thus liable to be quashed.
Ground 1.3 That on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law such DIN, which does not even exist on the Income Tax portal, is invalid and non-est.
Ground 1.4 That on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law, since the impugned order is non-est, invalid, the additions made therein are invalid, beyond jurisdiction and bad in law.
Ground 2 Alleged addition of unexplained cash to the income of the appellant
Ground 2.1 That the Assessing Officer erred on facts and in law in adding an amount of Rs.1,77,00,000/- to the total income merely on the basis that amount is appearing in a random WhatsApp chat between one Mr. Parveen Kumar Jain and Mr. Nilesh Shah.
Ground 2.2 That the Assessing Officer erred on facts and in law in not bringing any material/evidence on record that the alleged income was received by the appellant.
Ground 2.3 The said addition is unjustified, arbitrary and not sustainable either on the facts or on law and is being challenged by virtue of this appeal.
Ground 2.4 The order appealed against is contrary to the facts, law and principles of natural justice. The appellant craves leave to add delete modify or substitute any or all the grounds of appeal at any appropriate time.”
2. The assessee also filed application seeking admission of additional ground of appeal stating as under:
1. “It is submitted that the notice under Section 143(2) issued by the Ld. AO on 30.06.2022 is in violation of Instruction F.No.225/157/2017/ITA-II dated 23.06.2017 (‘Instruction’) issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (‘CBDT’). Therefore, the said notice is invalid, and assessment framed pursuant thereto is vitiated in law and void ab-initio. The legal and factual background is briefly set out below: Instruction F.No.225/157/2017/ITA-II dated 23.06.2017 2. CBDT has prescribed mandatory guidelines vide the Instruction prescribing the form in which assessing officers are required to issue a notice under Section 143(2) for initiation of scrutiny assessment proceedings. As per the Instruction, three separate formats were prescribed for notice under Section 143(2) for the following cases: a. Limited scrutiny (Computer Aided Scrutiny Selected) b. Complete scrutiny (Computer Aided Scrutiny Selected) c. Compulsory manual scrutiny 3. The assessing officers are mandatorily required to follow the format prescribed under the Instruction and specify in the notice under Section 143(2) as to whether the assessment proceedings are being initiated for limited, complete or compulsory manual scrutiny. A copy of the Instruction is enclosed as Annexure A. Notice under Section 143(2) dated 30.06.2022 issued to Appellant 4. In the present case, the notice under Section 143(2) dated 30.06.2022 issued to the Appellant is not in the prescribed format and does not specify as to whether the assessment proceedings have been initiated for limited, complete or compulsory manual scrutiny. A copy of the notice dated 30.06.2022 is enclosed as Annexure B.
5. Presently, since the notice under Section 143(2) dated 30.06.2022 is not in the prescribed format, it is in violation of the mandatory terms of the Instruction and hence, void in law. Accordingly, the assessment order dated 29.12.2022 emanating from such vitiated assessment proceedings is void ab initio and deserves to be set aside. Judicial precedents 6. Reliance in this regard is placed on the decision of this Hon’ble Tribunal in Anita Garg v. Income-tax Officer, Ward 2(3)(4), wherein this Hon’ble Tribunal has quashed the assessment order pursuant to notice issued under Section 143(2) which was not in the format prescribed under the CBDT notice:
9...we hold that the assessment framed by the Assessing Officer u/s 143(3) dated 27.12.2019pursuant to the notice issued u/s 143(2) dated 22.09.2018 which was not in the prescribed format as notified by the CBDT, is bad in law and void ab initio and the same is hereby quashed. The additional ground no.2 raised by the Assessee is allowed
7. Further, in the case of Ankur Dealcom Pvt Ltd. v. PCIT, the Hon’ble Kolkata bench of this Hon’ble Tribunal took a similar view in an appeal pertaining to AY 2021 -22 (same as the AY in present appeal) and quashed the assessment order since the notice under Section 143(2) was not in the prescribed format.
8. In light of the above, the Appellant wishes to crave the leave of this Hon’ble Tribunal to file additional ground of appeal
, as ground of appeal number 1.5, involving a question of law as provided below: “1.5. That on the facts and circumstances of the case, the Assessing Officer erred in issuing notice under Section 143(2) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 dated 30.06.2022 in violation of CBDT Instruction F.No.225/157/2017/ITA-II dated 23.06.2017. Therefore, the said notice is invalid, and assessment framed pursuant thereto is vitiated in law, void ab-initio and liable to be quashed.”
9. It is submitted that the issue involved in the additional ground of appeal is purely a question of law and all relevant facts necessary for adjudication of the same are already on record and do not require any fresh investigation into facts. It is further submitted that this is an issue on jurisdiction of Ld. AO which goes to the root of the matter, and it is well settled law that issues related to lack of jurisdiction can be raised by an assessee for the first time even at appellate levels. In light of the aforesaid, the Appellant humbly prays this Hon’ble Tribunal to exercise the power prescribed in Rule 11 of the Income-tax (Appellate Tribunal) Rules, 1963 and admit the additional ground of appeal
10. The aforesaid right of the Appellant to raise an additional ground before an appellate forum has been accepted by various courts. Reliance in this regard is placed on the following judgments: — Jute Corporation of India Ltd v CIT [(1991) 187 ITR 688 (SC)]
— National Thermal Power Co Ltd v CIT [(1998) 229 ITR 393 (SC)]
— Maruti Udyog Limited v CIT [252 ITR 482 (Delhi)] In the interest of justice, the Appellant prays that this Hon’ble ITAT may be pleased to admit and adjudicate the above-stated additional ground of appeal for which it shall remain most grateful.”
Ld. Counsel for the assessee, at the outset, submits that additional ground of appeal filed by the assessee is a legal ground going to the root of the very validity of framing the assessment and therefore the same may be admitted for adjudication. Reliance was placed on the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of National Thermal Power Company Ltd. vs. CIT (229 ITR 383).
4. Heard rival submissions. The additional ground raised by the assessee since going to the root of the very validity of the assessment made based on the notice issued u/s 143(2) the same is admitted for adjudication.
Ld. Counsel for the assessee submitted that the notice issued u/s 143(2) by the Assessing Officer on 30.06.2022 is void ab initio having been issued in violation of the binding CBDT Instruction No. F.No.225/157/2017/ITA-II dated 23.06.2017. Ld. Counsel submits that the CBDT u/s 119 of the Act issued the above instructions prescribing mandatory revised formats for all scrutiny notices issued u/s 143(2) of the Act. He submitted that these instructions are binding on all the Income tax authorities and placed reliance on the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of UCO Bank vs. CIT (237 ITR 889) and Back Office IT Solution Pvt. Ltd. vs. Union of India (2021) SCC OnLine (Del) 2741. Ld. Counsel for the assessee referring to para 3 of the above instructions of CBDT submitted that the Board has directed that all scrutiny notices u/s 143(2) of the Act shall henceforth be issued in the revised formats only. The Ld. Counsel for the assessee submits that in the present case the Assessing Officer did not issue the notice in the prescribed revised format and this is a direct violation of the CBDT’s binding instructions. Ld. Counsel placed reliance on the following decisions: dated 30.07.2025;
Ankur Dealcom (P) Ltd. vs. PCIT, dated 18.07.2025;
3. Hind Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. vs. DCIT, Circle - 10(1) [ITA Nos. 608 & 610/KOL/2024] dated 06.05.2025;
Tapas Kumar Das v. ITO, Ward-50(5), Kolkata [ITA No. 1660/KOL/2024] dated 11.03.2025;
5. Sajal Biswas v. I.T.O, WD 24(1), HOOGHLY [I.T.O, WD 24(1), HOOGHLY] [ITA No.1244/KOL/2023] dated 26.03.2025.”
The Ld. Counsel for the assessee further submitted that the issuance of notice u/s 143(2) in proper format is a jurisdictional requirement and any defect therein goes to the root of the assessment proceedings. A notice issued in violation of law cannot confer jurisdiction on the Assessing Officer to proceed with scrutiny assessment. Therefore, he submits that the notice dated 22.09.2018 issued u/s 143(2) is invalid and un-enforceable in law.
7. Heard rival contentions, perused the materials placed before us and the case laws relied on. The contention of the assessee that the notice issued u/s 143(2) dated 30.06.2022 by the AO is in violation of the CBDT instruction dated 23.06.2017 as it is not in the specified format. This fact was not controverted by the Revenue before us.
We observed that on identical situation the Kolkata Bench of the Tribunal in the case of Hind Cyramics Pvt. Ltd. vs. DCIT in & 610/Kol/2024 dated 06.05.2025 quashed the assessment framed pursuant to the notice issued u/s 143(2) which was not in the prescribed format as per the CBDT instructions observing as under:
“011. After hearing the rival contentions and perusing the material on record, we find that the assessee has raised an additional grounds of appeal challenging the validity of the notice issued u/s 143(2) of the Act being in an invalid format and in our opinion the issued raised in the additional grounds is a purely a legal issue qua which all the facts are available in the appeal folder and no further verification of facts is required from any quarter whatsoever. In our considered view the assessee is at liberty to raise any legal issue before any appellate authority for the first time even when the same has not been raised before the lower authorities. The case of the assessee is squarely covered by the decisions of the Apex court in the case of i) Jute Corporation of India Ltd. Vs CIT (supra) ii) National Thermal Power Co. Ltd v. CIT (supra) and also by the decision of Hon'ble Calcutta High Court in PCIT vs. Britannia Industries Ltd. (supra). Therefore, we are inclined to admit the same for adjudication.
The Id. AR vehemently submitted that the notice u/s 143(2) of the Act issued to the assessee did not .specify whether it was a limited scrutiny or a complete scrutiny or a compulsory manual scrutiny. The Id. AR submitted that the CBDT has issued specifically provided vide instruction no. F. No. 225/157/2017/ITA-II Dated 23-06-2017, that the notice u/s 143(2) can be issued in one of the three format which have specifically prescribed but the present notice issued is not in accordance with 9
such said instruction and therefore, the assessment framed consequently is invalid and void ab initio. 013. The Id. DR on the other hand submitted that this is a computer-generated notice and the non-mentioning of the fact of either limited or complete scrutiny or compulsory manual scrutiny would not render the issuance of notice u/s 143(2) of the Act as invalid. Therefore, additional ground raised by the assessee may kindly be dismissed.
After hearing the rival contentions and perusing the materials available on record, we find that undisputedly the notice issued u/s 143(2) of the Act dated 09.08.2018, specifies only computer aided scrutiny selection which neither mentioned it either to be a limited or a complete scrutiny nor compulsory manual scrutiny. Thus, the said notice has been issued in violation of the instruction issued by CBDT as noted above. In our opinion, the revenue authorities have to follow the instruction issued by CBDT and violation thereto would certainly render the notice as invalid with the result all the consequential proceeding would also be invalid. The case of the assessee find support from the decision of the co-ordinate Bench in the case of Tapas Kumar Das Vs. ITO (supra), wherein a similar issue has been decided in favour of the assessee. The operative part of the same is extracted below:-
6. After hearing the rival contentions and perusing the materials available on record, we find that particularly the notice was issued u/s 143(2) of the Act, a copy of which is available at page no. 25 of the Paper Book. We note that the said notice has not been issued in consonance with the CBDT Instruction F No. 225/157/2017/ITA-II Dated 23.06.2017. The said notice is extracted below for the sake of ready reference:-
In our opinion, the notice issued u/s 143(2) of the Act which is not in the prescribed format as provided under the Act is an invalid notice and accordingly, all the subsequent proceedings thereto would be invalid and void ab initio. The case of the assessee find support from the decision of Shib Nath Ghosh Vs. ITO in for A.Y. 2018-19 vide order dated 29.11.2024, wherein the co-ordinate Bench has held as under: - "10. After hearing both the sides and the materials available on record, we find that the notice issued u/s 143(2) dated 9th August, 2017 was not in any of the formats as provided in the CBDT instruction F.No.225/157/2017/ITA-II dated 23.06.2017. We have examined the notice, copy of which is available at page no.1 of the Paper Book and find that the same is not as per the format of CBDT Instruction F.No.225/157/2017/ITA-II dated 23.06.2017 as stated above. In our opinion, the instruction issued by the CBDT are mandatory and binding on the Income tax authorities failing which the proceedings would be rendered as invalid. Hon'ble Apex Court in case of UCO Bank (supra) held that the circular issued by CBDT in exercise of its statutory powers u/s 119 of the Act, are binding on the authorities. The Hon'ble Apex court held as under: The Central Board of Direct Taxes under section 119 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has power, inter alia, to tone down the rigour of the law and ensure a fair enforcement of its provisions, by issuing circulars in exercise of its statutory powers under section 119 of the Act which are binding on the authorities in the administration of the Act. Under section 119(2)(a), however, the circulars as contemplated therein cannot be adverse to the assessee. 11 The power is given for the purpose of just, proper and efficient management of the work of assessment and in public interest. It is a beneficial power given to the Board for proper administration of fiscal law so that undue hardship may not be caused to the assessee and the fiscal laws may be correctly applied. Hard cases Which can be properly categorized as belonging to a class, can thus be given the benefit of relaxation of law by Issuing circulars binding on the taxing authorities. In order to aid proper determination of the income of money lenders and banks, the Central Board of Direct Taxes issued a circular dated October 6, 1952, providing that where interest accruing on doubtful debts is credited to a suspense account, It need not be included in the assessee's taxable income, provided the Income-tax Officer is satisfied that recovery is practically improbable. Twenty-six years later, on June 20, 1978, in view of the judgment of the Kerala High Court In STATE BANK OF TRAVANCORE v. CIT [1977] 110 ITR 336, the Board by another circular, withdrew with immediate effect the earlier circular. However, by circular dated October 9, 1984, the Board decided that Interest in respect of doubtful debts credited to suspense account by banking companies would be subjected to tax but Interest charged in an account where there has been no recovery for three consecutive accounting years would not be subjected to tax in the fourth year and onwards. The circular also stated that if there is any recovery in the fourth year or later, the actual amount recovered only would be subjected to tax in the respective years. This procedure would apply to assessment year 1979-80 and onwards."
8. Considering the facts of the instant case in the light of the decision of the co-ordinate bench, we are inclined to hold that notice issued u/s 143(2) of the Act is invalid notice and accordingly, the assessment framed consequentially to that is also invalid and is hereby quashed.
9. The other grounds raised
on merit are not being decided at this stage and are being left open to be decided if need arises for the same at later stage.
10. In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed."
Since the facts of the assessee's case are similar to one as decided by the co-ordinate Bench, we therefore, respectfully following the same hold that the notice issued u/s 143(2) of the Act is invalid notice and accordingly, the assessment framed
consequentially is also invalid and is hereby quashed. The additional ground raised by the assessee is allowed.”
Similar view has been taken by the Kolkata Bench of the Tribunal in the case of Sajal Biswas vs. ITO in dated 26.03.2025, Srimanta Kumar Shit vs. ACIT dated 19.11.2024, Tapas Kumar vs. ITO dated 11.3.2025. We observed that coordinate bench of Delhi Bench had taken similar view in the case of Anita Garg vs. ITO (supra). Therefore, facts being identical respectfully following the above said decisions, we hold that the assessment framed by the Assessing Officer u/s 143(3) dated 29.12.2022 pursuant to the notice issued u/s 143(2) dated 30.06.2022 which was not in the prescribed format as notified by the CBDT, is bad in law and void ab initio and the same is hereby quashed. The additional ground no.2 raised by the Assessee is allowed.
Since we have quashed the assessment allowing additional ground, all other grounds are not adjudicated as they become only academic at this stage.
In the result, appeal of the assessee is partly allowed as indicated above.
Order pronounced in the open court on 27.08.2025