ANKUR CHAUDHARY,NOIDA vs. DCIT, CENTRAL CIRCLE-1, NOIDA

The ld. AR has brought on record the copy of approval on record and for convenience, we reproduce the same:-

It would also be pertinent to submit that in this case, letter granting approval in the instant case mentioned name of assessee only. This case was approved by the approving authority vide aforesaid letter dated 28.09.2021. Thus, it cannot he considered by any stretch of imagination that the approving authority was not in a position to apply his mind to the facts of the case and issues involved while granting approval under section 153D of the Act. The approving authority had sufficient time to go through all the records and relevant material to arrive at decision granting approval Under Section 153D of the I.T Act in judicious manner in the instant case. Further, in search cases, a Addl. CIT is well aware about progress of the assessment proceedings, relevant issues of different assessee, nature and content of the seized material in light of the fact that the as per the CBDT guideline F. No. 286/161/2006-IT (Inv. II) dt. 22.12.2006, copy of appraisal report is shared by Investigation Wing with both that the assessing officer and Joint CIT. In fact, CBDT guideline dt. 22.12.2006 (Copy enclosed) on the subject of the search and Seizure Assessments clearly outlines such close coordination. Thus, as per the prevailing Practice and Guidelines, the approving authority has good idea of issues involved in particular case before hand i.e. much before the cases are sent to him for approval Under Section 153D of the Act. This guideline of CBDT is relevant piece of information, which throws light on the way search assessments are taken up by the filed officers. Therefore, in light of such peculiar fact of instant case, it cannot be inferred that the Addl. CIT was not in a position to independently apply his mind in judicial manner to the case of assessee on the same day.

The Supreme Court in GKN Driveshafts (India) Ltd. made it clear that on receipt of reasons, the noticee is entitled to file objections to issuance of notice and the Assessing Officer is bound to dispose of the same by a speaking order. The judgment is very clear that before proceeding with the assessment proceedings, the Assessing Officer has to pass a speaking order. Therefore, the Assessing Officer is bound to pass an order and thereafter only further proceedings could be taken for passing the assessment order. It would not suffice by giving reasons to the objections in the assessment order, in view of the judgment in GKN Driveshafts (India) Ltd. 15. The appellant has raised two contentions in this appeal. (a) The assessment order passed in violation of the law laid down by the Supreme Court is void and it cannot be ratified by remitting the matter to the Assessing Officer; (b) The assessment order was passed just one day prior to the period of limitation and therefore, it would not be possible to pass a fresh order after giving disposal to the objections. 16. It is not in dispute that there is no statutory requirement to pass an order taking into account the statement of objections filed by the assessee after receiving the reasons for invoking Section 147 of the I.T. Act. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in GKN Driveshafts (India) Ltd., has given a procedural safeguard to the assessee to avoid unnecessary harassment by directing the Assessing Officer to pass a speaking order taking into account the objections for reopening the assessment under Section 147 of the I.T. Act. 17. The forming of opinion to proceed further by disposal of the objections need not be a detailed consideration of all the facts and law applicable. It must show application of mind to the objections raised by the noticee. In case the objections are such that it would require a detailed examination of facts and application of legal provisions, taking into account the assessment order sought to be reopened, the string of violations, suppression of material particulars and transactions which would require considerable time and would be in the nature of a detailed adjudicatory process, the Assessing Officer can dispose of the objections, by giving his tentative reasons for overruling the objections. 18. The disposal of objections is in the value of a procedural requirement to appraise the assessee of the actual grounds which 12 ITAs No. 2120 & 2139/Del/2023; & 2226, 2227, 2229, 2230, 2228, 2386/Del/2022 made the Assessing Officer to arrive at a prima facie satisfaction that there was escape of assessment warranting reopening the assessment proceedings. The disposal of such objection must be before the date of hearing and passing a fresh order of assessment. In case, on a consideration of the objections submitted by the assessee, the Assessing Officer is of the view that there is no ground made out to proceed, he can pass an order to wind up the proceedings. It is only when a decision was taken to overrule the objections, and to proceed further with the reassessment process, the Assessing Officer is obliged to give disposal to the statement of objections submitted by the assessee.

The learned counsel for the appellant by placing reliance on an order passed by the learned Single Judge in Mrs.Jayanthi Natarajan (cited supra) submitted that the order being one made without complying with the mandatory procedure, is non est in law and it cannot be given life by complying with the procedure later. In short, it is the contention that non compliance of a prescribed procedure would nullify the order and the irregularity cannot be cured later.

We therefore make the position clear that non-compliance of the procedure indicated in the GKN Driveshafts (India) Ltd. ’s case (supra) would not make the order void or non-est. Such a violation in the matter of procedure is only an irregularity which could be cured by remitting the matter to the authority” Later, the Hon’ble Supreme Court also dismissed the SLP raised in the matter. Further, reliance is also placed on the judgement of Hon’ble Kerala High Court in OP(C) No. 340 of 2019 against the order in IA 3123/2018 in OS 125/2018 of II Additional Sub Court, Ernakulam dated 23.06.2022, wherein it is held that the “5 Courts should endevour to dispose of a case on merits rather than on default. ” The Apex Court in the case of Improvement Trust, Ludhiyana vs Ujagar Singh & Ors on 09.06.2010 in Civil Appeal NO. 2395 of 2008 also held that “ After all, justice can be done only when the matter is fought on merits and in accordance with law rather to dispose it of on such 13 ITAs No. 2120 & 2139/Del/2023; & 2226, 2227, 2229, 2230, 2228, 2386/Del/2022 technicalities and that too at the threshold. Both sides had tried to argue the matter on merits but we refrain ourselves from touching the merits of the matter as that can best be done by the Executing Court which had denied an opportunity to the appellant to lead evidence and to prove the issues so formulated. In our opinion, ends of justice would be met by setting aside the impugned orders and matter is emitted to the Executing Court to consider and dispose of appellant’s objections filed under Order 21 Rule 90 of CPC on merits and in accordance with law, at an early date. It is pertinent to point out that unless malafides are writ large on the conduct of the party, generally as a normal 1 rule, delay should be condoned. In the legal arena, an attempt should always be made to allow the matter to be contested on merits rather than to throw it on such technicalities.”

It is further submitted that there cannot be any presumption drawn against the approving authority with regard to application of mind merely on the ground that number of cases approved in a day were high. There cannot be any threshold limit set for the same. How many cases will be considered unreasonably high and how many cases will be considered reasonable? It is submitted that every approval needs to be examined in light of its peculiar facts such as number of issue involved, nature of issue involved, modus-operandi involved, number of cases involved and inter- relationship among facts of such cases. If identical issues are involved involving same modus-operandi and cases are of same search group only, it would not be unreasonable to consider that an approving authority will be able to apply its independent mind judiciously to relatively larger number of cases in a single day. Ultimately, it boils down to factual matrix of the cases sent for approval. In the instant case, in light of the factual matrix that additions were made in different cases of the group on the same ground based on same factual position with regard to same accommodation entry provider and involving same modus-operandi, it would be justified to consider that the approving authority would have been in a position to apply his mind to all such cases sent for approval by the AO on the same day, particularly when number of such cases is not too high and facts/issues involved are in the knowledge of approving authority beforehand i.e. before receiving proposal for approval.

Therefore, in view of the above discussion, it is respectfully submitted that the fact of the instant cases are significantly distinguishable from the fact all those cases where Hon’ble Courts and Hon’ble Tribunal have held approval under section 153D as a mechanical approval without due application of mind by the approving authority. Moreover, content of the approval letter clearly establishes that while granting approval, the ITAs No. 2120 & 2139/Del/2023; & 2226, 2227, 2229, 2230, 2228, 2386/Del/2022 approving authority had considered facts of the case, assessment records and seized documents and had applied his mind independently. In view of the above it is respect to submitted to kindly take on record the above objections and reject the contention of the assessee on this ground and uphold the order of assessing officer.

Though there are catena of decision of coordinate bench in favour of assessees, we rely Hon’ble Jurisdictional High Court decision in case of PCIT vs Shiv Kumar Nayyar reported in 163 taxmann.com 9 which has also relied this decision in case of Serajuddin(ACIT v. Serajuddin & Co. ( 2023)454 ITR 312) and held in para 10 to 15 as follow; “10. Before embarking upon the analysis of the factual scenario of the instant appeal, we deem it apposite to examine the underlying intent 15 ITAs No. 2120 & 2139/Del/2023; & 2226, 2227, 2229, 2230, 2228, 2386/Del/2022 of the relevant provision of the Act i.e., Section 153D, which is culled out as under:- “153-D. Prior approval necessary for assessment in cases or requisition.—No order of assessment or reassessment shall be passed by an Assessing Officer below the rank of Joint Commissioner in respect of each assessment year referred to in clause (b) of [sub- section (1) of Section 153-A] or the assessment year referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of Section 153-B, except with the prior approval of the Joint Commissioner : Provided that nothing contained in this section shall apply where the assessment or reassessment order, as the case may be, is required to be passed by the Assessing Officer with the prior approval of the [Principal Commissioner or Commissioner] under sub-section (12) of Section 144-BA.”

A plain reading of the aforesaid provision evinces an uncontrived position of law that the approval under Section 153D of the Act has to be granted for “each assessment year” referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of Section 153A of the Act. It is beneficial to refer to the decision of the High Court of Judicature atAllahabad in the case of PCIT v. Sapna Gupta [2022 SCC OnLine All 1294] which captures with precision the scope of the concerned provision and more significantly, the import of the phrase- “each assessment year” used in the language of Section 153D of the Act. The relevant paragraphs of the said decision are reproduced as under:- “13. It was held therein that if an approval has been granted by the Approving Authority in a mechanical manner without application of mind then the very purpose of obtaining approval under Section 153D of the Act and mandate of the enactment by the legislature will be defeated. For granting approval under Section 153D of the Act, the Approving Authority shall have to apply independent mind to the material on record for "each assessment year" in respect of "each assessee" separately. The words 'each assessment year' used in Section 153D and 153A have been considered to hold that effective and proper meaning has to be given so that underlying legislative intent as per scheme of assessment of Section 153A to 153D is fulfilled. It was held that the "approval" as contemplated under 153D of the Act, requires the approving authority, i.e. Joint Commissioner to verify the issues raised by the Assessing Officer in the draft 16 ITAs No. 2120 & 2139/Del/2023; & 2226, 2227, 2229, 2230, 2228, 2386/Del/2022 assessment order and apply his mind to ascertain as to whether the required procedure has been followed by the Assessing Officer or not in framing the assessment. The approval, thus, cannot be a mere formality and, in any case, cannot be a mechanical exercise of power. *** 19. The careful and conjoint reading of Section 153A(1) and Section 153D leave no room for doubt that approval with respect to "each assessment year" is to be obtained by the Assessing Officer on the draft assessment order before passingthe assessment order under Section 153A.” [Emphasis supplied] 12. It is observed that the Court in the case of Sapna Gupta (supra)refused to interdict the order of the ITAT, which had held that the approval under Section 153D of the Act therein was granted without any independent application of mind. The Court took a view that theapproving authority had wielded the power to accord approval mechanically, inasmuch as, it was humanly impossible for the said authority to have perused and appraised the records of 85 cases in a single day. It was explicitly held that the authority granting approval has to apply its mind for “each assessment year” for “each assessee” separately.

Reliance can also be placed upon the decision of the OrissaHigh Court in the case of Asst. CIT v. Serajuddin and Co. [2023SCC OnLineOri 992] to understand the exposition of law on the issueat hand. Paragraph no.22 of the said decision reads as under:- “22. As rightly pointed out by learned counsel for the assesseethere is not even a token mention of the draft orders having been perused by the Additional Commissioner of Income-tax. The letter simply grants an approval. In other words, even thebare minimum requirement of the approving authority having to indicate what the thought process involved was is missing in the aforementioned approval order. While elaborate reasons need not be given, there has to be some indication that theapproving authority has examined the draft orders and finds that it meets the requirement of the law. As explained in the above cases, the mere repeating of the words of the statute, or mere "rubber stamping" of the letter seeking sanction by using similar words like "seen" or "approved" will not satisfy the requirement of the law. This 17 ITAs No. 2120 & 2139/Del/2023; & 2226, 2227, 2229, 2230, 2228, 2386/Del/2022 is where the Technical Manual of Office Procedure becomes important. Although, it was in the context of section158BG of the Act, it would equally apply to section 153D of the Act. There are three or four requirements that are mandated therein,(i) the Assessing Officer should submit the draft assessment order "well in time". Here it was submitted just two days prior to the deadline thereby putting the approving authority under great pressure and not giving him sufficient time to apply his mind ; (ii)the final approval must be in writing ; (iii) the fact that approval has been obtained, should be mentioned in the body of the assessment order.” [Emphasis supplied] 14. During the course of arguments, learned counsel for the assessee apprised this Court that the Special Leave Petition preferred by the Revenue against the decision in the case of Serajuddin (supra),came to be dismissed by the Supreme Court vide order dated28.11.2023 in SLP (C) Diary no. 44989/2023.

A similar view was taken by this Court in the case of AnujBansal (supra), whereby, it was reiterated that the exercise of powers under Section 153D cannot be done mechanically. Thus, the salient aspect which emerges from the abovementioned decisions is that grant of approval under Section 153D of the Act cannot be merely a ritualistic formality or rubber stamping by the authority, rather it must reflect an appropriate application of mind.”

Thus the ground covering the issue in respective appeals are sustained. The appeals of assessee are allowed and of revenue dismissed. Impugned assessment orders are quashed. Order pronounced in the open court on 29.09.2025. Sd/- Sd/- (S. RIFAUR RAHMAN) (ANUBHAV SHARMA) ACCOUNTANT MEMBER JUDICIAL MEMBER Dated: 29th September, 2025. dk 18 ITAs No. 2120 & 2139/Del/2023; & 2226, 2227, 2229, 2230, 2228, 2386/Del/2022