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Facts
The assessee, Harisons Diamonds Pvt Ltd, engaged in trading and manufacturing jewelry, filed its return for AY 2017-18 declaring income of Rs. 15,07,573/-. During assessment, the AO made an addition of Rs. 4,73,58,629/- for unexplained cash sales during the demonetization period (01.10.2016 to 08.11.2016) and other disallowances. The CIT(A) restricted the cash sales addition to Rs. 3,25,52,833/- and deleted some other disallowances, leading to cross-appeals by both the assessee and the Revenue.
Held
The Tribunal deleted the entire addition of Rs. 4,73,58,629/- for cash sales, ruling that sales before the demonetization announcement could not be inflated for that reason and the assessee maintained proper books with no stock discrepancies. The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s deletion of disallowances for business promotion, depreciation, and car running expenses, finding them genuine. The large addition for unaccounted stock was also found to be a typographical error in the tax audit report and was correctly deleted.
Key Issues
Whether cash sales during the pre-demonetization period were unexplained cash credits under Section 68; whether various business expenses and depreciation were correctly disallowed; and whether a large addition for unaccounted stock was due to a typographical error.
Sections Cited
Section 68, Section 115BBE, Section 250, Section 44AB, Section 133A, Section 234B, Section 234C
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, DELHI ‘H’ BENCH,
Before: SHRI N.K. BILLAIYA, & MS ASTHA CHANDRA
PER N.K. BILLAIYA, ACCOUNTANT MEMBER:-
The above captioned cross appeals by the assessee and the
Revenue are preferred against the order of the ld. CIT(A) – 23, New
Delhi dated 13.08.2021 pertaining to Assessment Year 2017-18.
Since the underlying facts are common in the cross appeals, they
were heard together and are disposed of by this common order for the
sake of convenience and brevity.
ITA No. 1426/DEL/2021 [Assessee’s Appeal]
The grievances of the assessee read as under:
“1 That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has erred both in law and on facts in determining the income of the appellant company at Rs. 3.46.99,653/- as against declared income at Rs. 15,07,573/- in an appellate order passed dated 13.08.2021 us 250 of the Act.
2(i) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has erred both in law and on facts in confirming the addition of cash sales to the extent of Rs. 3,25,52.833/-made during the period 1.10.2016 to 8.11.2016 and erroneously held to be unexplained credit u/s 68 of the Act read with section 115BBE of the Act.
(ii) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has failed to appreciate that the approach adopted to assume and hold that some part of the cash sales for the period 01.10.2016 to 08.11.2016 represent unexplained cash credits is illegal, invalid and untenable.
(iii) That while making the above addition, the learned Commissioner of Income (Appeals) has failed to appreciate the factual substratum of the case, statutory provisions of law and as such, addition so made is highly misconceived, totally arbitrary. wholly unjustified and therefore, unsustainable
(iv) That the entire addition is based on whimsical assumptions, arbitrary inferences and overlooks the factual position on record and therefore, the same is invalid, illegal and hence unsustainable.
(v) That furthermore the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has proceeded to make the addition on mere speculation, theoretical assumptions and allegations and assertions, without there being any supporting evidence and is therefore not in accordance with law.
vi) That once the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has not disputed that sales made were duly disclosed in VAT return and also in books of accounts maintained by the appellant audited under the Companies Act, 2013 and also under section 44AB of the Act, no adverse inference could be drawn in respect of the declared sales by the appellant company.
(vii) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has also erred both in law and on facts in not appreciating that once the purchases declared in the books of accounts were duly accepted then no subjective assumption and presumption could be made a basis to assume, allege and conclude that sales made out of such purchases were unexplained cash credits taxable under section 68 of the Act.
(viii) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has also failed to appreciate that having accepted books of accounts, sales made could not be regarded as unexplained credits.
(ix) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has failed to appreciate that aforesaid sales as made by the appellant were supported by availability of stock in the books of accounts whose availability is not disputed and denied and is otherwise too supported by genuineness of creditors and also sales bills maintained in accordance with law and as such, there was neither any legal justification nor any valid basis to assume or presume that such genuine cash sales by the appellant in the instant year were not sales made by the appellant.
(x) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has even otherwise failed to appreciate that cash sales since have already been offered as income by the appellant could not presumptively be rejected and held as unexplained money so as to tax the same under section 68 of the Act, when the section 68 of the Act itself is wholly inapplicable to the income already offered as income by the appellant in the return of income.
3(i) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has erred both in law and on facts in confirming the disallowance of conveyance expenses to the extent of Rs. 1,54,671/- being expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively for the business of the appellant company.
(ii) That the aforesaid disallowance has been confirmed without adjudicating the same and without giving any findings on its merits which is not a valid course of action in law.
4 That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has erred both in law and on facts in confirming the disallowance of car running & maintenance expenses to the extent of Rs. 4,04,656/- being expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively for the business of the appellant company.
5 That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has erred both in law and on facts in confirming the disallowance of Rs. 72,000 out of salary paid to the following persons:
Sr. No. Name of Director Salary (i) Deepak Jain 25,000 (ii) Ravi Aggarwal 23,000 (iii) Parvinder Kaur 24,000 Total 72,000
That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has erred both in law and on facts in confirming the disallowance of a sum of Rs. 7,920/- representing expenditure incurred on mobile phone on account of persona nature wholly and exclusively for the business of the appellant company.
(i) Without prejudice to the above and in the alternative, even assuming for the sake of an argument, additions were warranted under section 68 of the Act then too, demand computed in accordance with rate specified in section 115BBE of the Act as amended by Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2016 is wholly misconceived.
(ii) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has failed to appreciate that the amendment made by the Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2016 was w.e.f. 1.4.2017 and thus applicable from financial year 2017-18 onwards and not from the financial year 2016-17 relevant to assessment year 2017-18 and therefore, demand computed was not only arbitrary but highly excessive.
iii) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) ought to have therefore applied the income tax at best @ 30% of the
income determined under section 68 of the Act and not at the rate of 60% as specified in section 115BBE of the Act as amended by Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2016.
(iv) That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has failed to appreciate that substitution of provisions by Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2016 w.e.f. 1.4.2017 was not retrospective in nature but was prospective and only application from financial year 2017-18 relevant to A.Y 2018-19.
8 That the impugned order of assessment and appeal has been framed without granting fair and meaningful opportunity and, as such, the same is contrary to principles of natural justice, apart from being without jurisdiction.
9 That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has further erred in levying interest u/s 234B and 234C of the Act which are not leviable on the facts of the instant case.
10 That the appellant craves leave to reserve itself to add, delete, amend and forgo any ground at or before the time of hearing.
It is therefore, prayed that the additions/disallowances confirmed by the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) alongwith interest levied may kindly be deleted and appeal of the appellant company be allowed.”
Substantive grievance of the assessee relates to the addition on
account of cash sales amounting to Rs. 3,25,52,833/- made during the
period 01.10.2016 to 08.11.2016 held to be unexplained credit u/s 68
r.w.s 115BBE of the Income-tax Act, 1961 [the Act, for short]
Representatives of both the sides were heard at length. Case
records carefully perused. Relevant documentary evidence brought on
record duly considered in the light of Rule 18(6) of the ITAT Rules.
Briefly stated, the facts of the case are that the assessee is into
the business of trading and manufacturing of jewelry like gold and
diamond, etc. Return for the year was electronically filed on
30.10.2017 declaring income of Rs. 15,07,573/-. Return was selected
for scrutiny assessment and accordingly, statutory notices were issued
and served upon the assessee.
During the course of assessment proceedings, the assessee was
asked to provide month-wise comparative chart of cash/credit sales of
current year and previous two years.
Details sought by the Assessing Officer were furnished and on
perusal of the same, the Assessing Officer observed that in F.Ys. 2014-
15 and 2015-16, cash sales in comparison to total sale was less than
5%, which, in F.Y. 2016-17, increased to 10% on total sale of the year.
The assessee was asked to justify the increase.
The Assessing Officer further pointed out that in every cash sale
entry, name of the purchaser and PAN is not mentioned.
The assessee filed detailed reply. Reply of the assessee was duly
considered but did not find any favour with the Assessing Officer who
formed a belief that cash sales during the demonetization period has
been inflated to cover up unaccounted money in the form of
demonetized currency, which were deposited in the bank account.
The Assessing Officer was of the firm belief that there was an
abnormal increase in the percentage of cash sales during the period
01.10.2016 to 08.11 2016. Further, sales did not have the name of the
purchaser and PAN. Cash sales from 01.10.2016 to 08.11.2016
amounting to Rs. 4,73,58,629/- was added as unexplained cash credit
u/s 68 of the Act and accordingly, added to the income of the
assessee.
The assessee challenged the addition before the ld. CIT(A) and
vehemently contended that no defect has been pointed out in the
books of account maintained by the assessee in its regular course of
business.
After considering the submissions of the assessee and after
perusing the sales register of F.Ys. 2014-15 to 2016-17, as well as cash
book, VAT returns, the ld. CIT(A) was partly convinced with the
contention of the assessee and directed the Assessing Officer to
restrict the addition to Rs. 3,25,52,833/-.
On such finding, both the assessee and the Revenue are in appeal
before us.
We have given thoughtful consideration to the orders of the
authorities below. There is no dispute that the assessee was
maintaining proper books of account which were produced before the
Assessing Officer during the assessment proceedings. Month-wise
details of cash deposited out of cash sale submitted during the
assessment proceedings is as under:
Sr. Month Opening cash Cash sales Deposits in Cash Cash Closing No. wise in hand (Rs.) (Rs.) bank (Rs.) withdrawal expenses cash in from bank hand (Rs.) i) April’ 2016 15,00,946 ---- 9,05,000 ---- 88,371 5,07,575 ii) May’ 2016 5,07,575 14,73,478 3,35,000 ---- 1,35,434 15,10,619 iii) June’ 2016 15,10,619 ---- ---- ---- 82,341 14,28,278 iv) July’ 2016 14,28,278 ---- 50,000 ---- 85,300 12,92,278 v) August’ 2016 12,92,978 2,41,885 3,75,000 ---- 66,430 10,93,433 vi) September’ 2016 10,93,433 --- 50,000 ---- 84,595 9,58,838 vii) October’ 2016 9,59,838 3,38,11,665 39,80,150 ---- 2,44,635 3,04,45,718 viii) November’ 2016 3,04,45,718 1,35,46,934 4,40,00,000 57,000 53,460 96,192 ix) December’ 2016 96,192 ---- ---- 50,000 896 1,45,296 x) January’ 2017 1,45,296 1,89,150 ---- ---- 21,100 3,13,346 xi) February’ 2017 3,13,346 ---- ---- ---- 32,745 2,80,601 xii) March’ 2017 2,80,601 7,64,806 5,50,130 ---- 1,50,070 3,45,207 Total 5,00,27,918
Break-up of total sales is as under:
Sr. No. Month wise Credit Sales Cash Sales Total (Rs.) i) April’ 2016 2,36,07,083 ---- 2,36,07,083 ii) May’ 2016 5,83,57,443 14,73,478 5,98,30,921 iii) June’ 2016 93,00,247 ---- 93,00,247 iv) July’ 2016 29,81,612 ---- 29,81,612 v) August’ 2016 41,99,099 2,41,885 44,40,984 vi) September’ 2016 3,32,19,407 --- 3,32,19,407 vii) October’ 2016 46,29,546 3,38,11,665 3,84,41,211 viii) November’ 2016 12,46,53,252 1,35,46,934 13,82,00,186 ix) December’ 2016 3,21,40,903 ---- 3,21,40,903 x) January’ 2017 1,92,37,859 1,89,150 1,94,27,009 xi) February’ 2017 8,75,81,633 ---- 8,75,81,633 xii) March’ 2017 9,65,07,845 7,64,806 9,72,72,651 Total 49,64,15,930 5,00,27,918 54,64,43,848
The entire quarrel revolves around the period 01.10.2016 to
08.11.2016 and cash sales during this period have been held to be
unexplained credit u/s 68 of the Act. We fail to understand how the
cash sales for the period 01.10.2016 to 07.11.2016 be treated as
inflated sales pursuant to demonetization, as not a single soul was
aware that on 08.11.2016, the higher currencies will be demonetized.
It was only on 08.11.2016 the Hon'ble Prime Minister announced the
demonetization.
Sales return filed with VAT Department is as under:
Sr. Period Sale Sales Job work Net Sales VAT Page of No. (Page of Paper Returns against (Local Sale+ Paper Book Book) (if any) F Forms (IV=I-II-III) Inter Sale) (I) (if any) (page of (Page of Paper (II) (III) Paper Book) Book) i) 1.4.2016 to 30.6.2016 Original 10,09,49,390 - 82,11,137 9,27,38,253 9,27,384 55-73 Return (55) (57) (9,22,412+4,972) (56 and 57) ii) 1.7.2016 to 30.9.2016 Revised 4,06,42,005 - - 4,06,42,005 4,06,420 74-90 Return (74) (4,06,420) (74) iii) 1.7.2016 to 30.9.2016 Original 4,06,42,005 - - 4,06,42,005 4,06,420 91-109 Return (91) (4,06,420) (91) iv) 1.10.2016 to Original 20,99,33,942 - 3,85,632 20,95,48,310 20,95,484 110-128 31.12.2016 Return (110) (112) (20,74,440+ 21,044) (111 and 112) v) 1.1.2017 to 31.3.2017 Original 23,77,36,497 1,72,01,158 1,61,29,522 20,44,05,817 20,44,058 129-148 Return (129) (134) (131) (19,67,725 +76,333) (130 and,131) Total 1,72,01,158 24726291 54,73,34,385
The only return which was revised was for the period 01.07.2016
to 30.09.2016 in which period there was no question of anybody being
aware of demonetization.
The most peculiar fact is that on 23.12.2016, a survey operation
u/s 133A of the Act was carried out at the business premises of the
assessee company and not a single defect/discrepancy was found in
the physical stock vis a vis book stock of the assessee.
If the allegation of the Assessing Officer is accepted that the
assessee has inflated its sales during 01.10.2016 to 08.11.2016, then
there has to be some discrepancy in the book stock vis a vis physical
stock, but no such discrepancy was found because no such sales were
inflated by the assessee.
Merely because there was a minor variation in the cash sales
during the alleged period compared to previous year would not mean
that the assessee has inflated its sales to cover up demonetized
currency.
During the year under consideration, diwali was on 31.10.2016
and it is common knowledge that in our society, festival runs 15 days
after diwali and it is also a common fact that once the demonization
was declared by the Hon'ble Prime Minister, there was frenzy in the
market and people were purchasing goods they never intended to
purchase just to get rid of demonetized currency.
For the sake of repetition, the assessee had furnished month-
wise purchases, month-wise details, stock register, valuation of closing
stock, month wise details of cash sales, copies of VAT returns and not a
single defect has been pointed out by the Assessing Officer in these
clinching evidences.
The most important fact is that since the cash sales have already
been offered as income, the same cannot be taxed in the garb of
inflation sales to cover up demonetization currency.
In so far as the allegation of non-mentioning of names of the
purchasers is concerned, it is not only baseless but without any backing
of law as the assessee is not required to keep the names of purchasers
for cash sales less than Rs. 2 lakhs and not even one instance has been
pointed out by the Assessing Officer where cash sales were more than
Rs. 2 lakhs.
Considering the vortex of evidences, we do not find any merit in
the impugned addition made by the Assessing Officer and also we do
not find any merit in the part relief given by the ld. CIT(A). Therefore,
considering the totality of facts, we direct the Assessing Officer to
delete the addition of Rs. 4,73,58,629/-. Accordingly, Ground No. 2
with all its sub-grounds is allowed.
Ground Nos. 3 to 6 are in respect of petty additions made by the
Assessing Officer and confirmed by the ld. CIT(A).
We have given thoughtful consideration to the assessment order
qua the additions. We do not find any error or infirmity in the
impugned additions made by the Assessing Officer. Therefore, Ground
Nos 3 to 6 are dismissed.
The other grounds are consequential and need no separate
adjudication.
As a result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed.
ITA No. 2012/DEL/2021 [Revenue’s Appeal]
The grievances of the Revenue read as under:
“1. The order of LA CIT(A) is not correct in law and facts.
Whether the Ld. CIT(A) was correct in holding that cath deposits to the extent ef Rs. 1,48,05,796 out of total cash deposits of Rs. 4,73,58,629 during the pertad of one month preceding demonetization representa genuine cash sales, when the Assessee did not furnish any evidence what so ever such as name or address of buyers, thereby thwarting any verification of genuineness of such sales.
That on the facts and circumstances of the case, LL. CIT(A) has erred in deleting disallowance of Rs. 1,62,347/-on account of business promotion expenses.
That on the facts and circumstances of the case, Ld. CIT(A) has erred in deleting disallowance of depreciation claimed en car under Income tax of Rs. 2,52,360/- and car running expenses of Rs. 2,09,747/
That on the facts and circumstances of the case, Ld. CIT(A) has erred in deleting addition of Rs. 28,13,95,024/- on
account of unaccounted stock due to difference in valuation of closing stock.
The appellant craves for leave to add, amend any/all the ground of appeal before or during the course of hearing of the appeal.”
The underlying facts in the issue raised vide Ground No 2 are
identical to facts considered by us in assessee’s appeal hereinabove in
ITA No. 1426/DEL/2021 qua Ground No. 2 with all its sub grounds. For
our detailed discussion therein, this ground is dismissed.
Next ground relates to deletion of disallowance of Rs. 1,62,347/-
on account of business promotion.
During the course of scrutiny assessment proceedings, the
Assessing Officer noticed that the assessee has claimed business
promotion expenses of Rs. 1,62,347/-. The Assessing Officer was of
the opinion that such expenses were not necessary and added the
same.
Before the ld. CIT(A), it was strongly contended that the
Assessing Officer cannot sit into the armchair of the assessee company
to determine which expense was commercially expedient or not.
The ld. CIT(A) was convinced with the contention of the assessee
and deleted the addition.
Before us, the ld. DR strongly supported the findings of the
Assessing Officer.
Per contra, counsel for the assessee reiterated what has been
stated before the lower authorities.
On perusal of record, we find that business promotion expenses
include amount incurred on providing free gifts to customers on
purchase of large amount of jewellery items as it is general practice in
this line of trade. It is a settled proposition of law that the Assessing
Officer should not decide how a business man should do his business.
Moreover, all the expenses are supported by bills and vouchers,
duly recorded in the books of account. We, therefore, do not find any
reason to interfere with the findings of the ld. CIT(A). Ground No. 3 is
dismissed.
Ground No. 4 relates to the deletion of addition on account of
depreciation and car running expenses.
After considering the facts, we are of the considered opinion that
depreciation is a statutory allowance available to the assessee and this
is not the first year of claim. Therefore, we do not find any merit in
the disallowance of depreciation.
Car running expenses are fully supported by bills and vouchers
and are incurred towards petrol and regular repair and maintenance of
the cars used including insurance premium. We do not find any merit
in the disallowance and the ld. CIT(A) has rightly deleted the same,
which calls for no interference.
Ground No. 5 relates to deletion of addition of Rs. 28,13,95,024/-
on account of unaccounted stock due to difference in valuation of
closing stock.
We have given thoughtful consideration to the underlying facts in
this issue and we find that it is a typographical error which resulted
into this huge addition by the Assessing Officer. The typographical
error occurred in the figure of stock details of gold bar as mentioned in
the tax audit report which was without decimal point. The
quantitative figures of purchases, consumption and sales of gold bars
were mentioned without the decimal point in the tax audit report, due
to which the quantity of closing stock of gold bars differed from the
actual quantity of closing stock of gold bars appearing in the books of
account.
The same can be understood from the following chart:
Gold Bars Figures as appearing Figures as in Stock Register appearing in Tax [Gms.] audit report [Gms.] Opening Stock 1848627 1848 Add: Purchases 74115118 74115118 Less: Consumption 25038569 25038569 Less : Sales 39194889 39194889 Closing Stock 11730287 9883508
This non-mentioning of decimal value of gold was determined at
Rs. 2813.95 crores, which has resulted into an absurd figure. The ld.
CIT(A), after appreciating typographical error and after considering
reconciliation, deleted the impugned addition. We do not find any
error or infirmity in the factual findings of the ld. CIT(A). Accordingly,
Ground No. 5 raised by the Revenue stands dismissed.
As a result, the appeal of the Revenue stands dismissed.
To sum up, in the result, the appeal of the assessee in ITA No.
1426/DEL/2021 is partly allowed whereas the appeal of the Revenue in
ITA No. 2012/DEL/2021 is dismissed.
The order is pronounced in the open court on 23.02.2024 in the
presence of both the rival representatives.
Sd/- Sd/-
[ASTHA CHANDRA] [N.K. BILLAIYA] JUDICIAL MEMBER ACCOUNTANT MEMBER
Dated: 23rd FEBRUARY, 2024.
VL/