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Facts
The assessee filed a return of income declaring Rs. 4,48,140. The Assessing Officer (AO) reopened the assessment upon noticing that the assessee introduced capital assets worth Rs. 22,10,40,000/- into a partnership firm. The AO completed the assessment at Rs. 21,71,1,545, which was upheld by the CIT(A).
Held
The notice under Section 148 of the Act was issued beyond three years from the end of the relevant assessment year, and the approval obtained was from the PCIT instead of the PCCIT as required by Section 151(ii) of the Act. This makes the notice invalid, and consequently, the assessment based on it is liable to be quashed.
Key Issues
Whether the notice issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, is valid when the approval for issuance was obtained from the Principal Commissioner of Income Tax (PCIT) instead of the Principal Chief Commissioner of Income Tax (PCCIT), despite the notice being issued beyond three years from the end of the relevant assessment year.
Sections Cited
Section 148A, Section 148, Section 147, Section 151, Section 149
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Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, ‘D’ BENCH: CHENNAI
Before: SHRI ABY T. VARKEY & MS. PADMAVATHY.S
आदेश / O R D E R
PER PADMAVATHY.S, A.M: This appeal by the assessee is against the order of the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals)/National Faceless Appeal Centre (NFAC), Delhi, (in short "CIT(A)") passed u/s. 250 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 ( in short "the Act") dated 18.09.2025 for Assessment Year (AY) 2018-19.
The assessee is an individual and filed the return of income for AY 2018-19 on 12.03.2019 declaring total income of Rs.4,48,140. The Assessing Officer (AO) noticed that during the year under consideration the assessee has introduced capital assets to the tune of Rs.22,10,40,000/- into the partnership Subbiah Murugavel :- 2 -: firm M/s.APP Travels. Therefore the AO reopened the assessment by issuing notice u/s.148 of the Act on 19.04.2022. In response the assessee filed the return declaring the same income as done in the return filed u/s.139(1) of the Act, The AO completed the assessment by assessing the income of the assessee at Rs.21,71,1,545. Aggrieved the assessee filed the appeal before the CIT(A) who upheld the order of the AO. The assessee is in appeal before the Tribunal against the order of the CIT(A).
The ld. AR submitted that the notice under section 148 which is dated 19.04.2022 is beyond the period of 3 years and therefore as per the provisions of Section 151 of the Act the AO should have obtained the approval from Principle Chief Commissioner of Income Tax (PCCIT). The ld AR further submitted that in the present case the AO has obtained approval from Principle Commissioner of Income Tax (PCIT) while issuing notice under section 148 and therefore the notice is invalid. The ld AR in this regard placed reliance on the decision of the coordinate bench in the case of Meganapuram Primary Agricultural cooperative Credit Society vs PCIT (ITA No.895/Chny/2025 dated 19.09.2025 where it has been held that – “40. We find that the Show Cause Notice u/s.148A(b) of the Act came to be issued on 23.03.2022 in proposing to issue notice u/s.148 of the Act and as a consequence proposing to assumption of jurisdiction in terms of Section 147 of the Act. The assessee had filed its response to the said notice on 29.03.2022 and the AO had issued a letter dated 04.04.2022 in seeking further details in support of the submissions of the assessee and ultimately the order u/s.148A(d) of the Act came to be passed on 19.04.2022 by the AO, wherein the AO deemed it fit to issue notice u/s.148 of the Act. Thus, the notice u/s.148 of the Act came to be issued on 19.04.2022 for the A.Y. 2018-19. 41. The provisions of Section 151 defines the sanctioning authority and the relevant provisions as it stood at that point in time reads as under:
“151. Specified authority for the purposes of section 148 and section 148A be,—
(i) Principal Commissioner or Principal Director or Commissioner or Director, if three years or less than three years have elapsed from the end of the relevant assessment year;
(ii) Principal Chief Commissioner or Principal Director General or where there is no Principal Chief Commissioner or Principal Director General, Chief Commissioner or Director General, if more than three years have elapsed from the end of the relevant assessment year.]”
From a plain reading of the above provisions, the competent authority to grant / accord sanction in terms of Section 151 of the Act is determined based on the date of issuing of sanction and in the event of issuing the sanction beyond the period of three years from the end of the relevant assessment year, the same would be covered by clause (ii) to Section 151 of the Act.
If the notice u/s.148 of the Act / order u/s.148A(d) of the Act is issued / passed within 3 years from the end of the relevant assessment year, the competent authority for the purpose of granting sanction in terms of Section 151 of the Act is either Principal Commissioner or Principal Director or Commissioner or Director, as the case may be.
On the other hand, if the same is issued / passed after the expiry of the 3 years from the end of the relevant A.Y., the competent authority in this regard should be Principal Chief Commissioner or Principal Director General or where there is no Principal Chief Commissioner or Principal Director General, Chief Commissioner or Director General
Now, let us examine the facts of the present case by keeping in mind the above legal position. The Show Cause Notice in terms of Section 148A(b) of the Act came to issue on 23.03.2022 after obtaining prior approval from the office of the PCIT, Madurai – 1 and thereafter the order in terms of Section 148A(d) of the Act came to be passed on 19.04.2022 along with the notice u/s.148 of the Act being issued on the same day, i.e. 19.04.2022. We find that both the order passed u/s.148A(d) of the Act as well as the notice u/s.148 of the Act dated 19.04.2022 was issued after getting approval from the office of the PCIT, Madurai – 1. The assessment year under consideration being A.Y.2018-19, the notice u/s.148 of the Act / order passed u/s.148A(d) of the Act being issued / passed on 19.04.2022, it can be said that same were passed / issued after the expiry of 3 years from the end of the A.Y under consideration.
Hence, it can be said that the notice u/s.148 of the Act was issued / order in terms of Section 148A(d) of the Act was passed without obtaining proper sanction from the competent authority as prescribed in terms of Section 151(1)(ii) of the Act.
It is pertinent to note that the proviso to Section 151 of the Act contemplates exclusion of time provided to the tax payer to response to Show Cause Notice u/s.148A(b) of the Act to the date of actual passing of the order u/s.148A(d) of the Act / notice u/s.148 of the Act, which proviso reads as follows:
“Provided that the period of three years for the purposes of clause (i) shall be computed after taking into account the period of limitation as excluded by the third or fourth or fifth provisos or extended by the sixth proviso to sub-section (1) of section 149.”
However, we find that the proviso to Section 151 of the Act was only introduced by way of Finance Act, 2023, with effect from 01.04.2023, i.e. the said amendment was introduced only after the sanction was granted on the present case / not available at the time of recording of sanction in terms of Section 151 of the Act in the case of the appellant herein.
The Ld. AR took us through the Finance Bill, 2023, wherein clause 71, proposing the said amendment to Section 151 as well the notes of clauses to Finance Bill, 2023, wherein relevant note to the said amendment reads as follows:
Thus, it is an irrefutable fact that the amendment brought in by Finance Act, 2023 in introducing the proviso to Section 151 of the Act by giving effect to the exclusion of time limit by operation of 3rd to 5th proviso to Section 149(1) of the Act would take effect only from 01.04.2023.
Hence, it can be said that the said amendment would not come to the rescue of the revenue on the facts of the present case in view of the fact that the notice u/s.148 as well the order u/s.148A(d) of the Act being issued / passed well prior to the introduction of the said amendment, i.e. on 19.04.2022.
Before us, the Ld.DR argued that the said amendment introduced by Finance Act, 2023 ought to be reckoned as clarificatory and would have retrospective applicability, thereby validating the sanction accorded by the PCIT, Madurai – 1 on the facts of the present case. He further relied on the judgement of the Hon’ble Calcutta High Court in the case of Giriraj Commercial (P.) Ltd. v. Union of India reported in 169 taxmann.com 168 in support of his contentions.
This argument of the ld.DR is unable to be countenanced by us for the simple reason that the said amendment was introduced specifically with effect from 01.04.2023 and the plain reading of the notes on clauses as well as the memorandum to Finance Act, 2023 leave no room whatsoever to interpret it otherwise. Moreover, we are not inclined to accept the argument of the Department since the AO could not have foreseen such an amendment while passing the order u/s.148A(d) of the Act / issuing the notice u/s.148 of the Act nor the PCIT, Madurai – 1 could have foreseen such amendment while according sanction in terms of Section 151 of the Act.
Hence for the reasons discussed above, we hold that the amendment to Section 151 of the Act, introduced by Finance Act, 2023, with effect from 01.04.2023 cannot be reckoned to have retrospective applicability and on this ground we reject the argument put forth by the ld.DR.
It was further argued by the ld.DR, that the approval granted by the competent authority, i.e. PCIT, Madurai – 1 to the AO for issuing the notice u/s.148A(b) of the Act vide approval dated 23.03.2022 as mandated by 1st proviso to Section 148 of the Act would suffice the requirement as per the Section 151 of the Act and as such there was no requirement for the AO to obtain approval / sanction once again by the competent authority for issuing the notice u/s.148 of the Act / passing of the order u/s.148A(d) of the Act.
We find that the 1st proviso to Section 148 of the Act as per Finance Act, 2021 reads as follows: “Provided that no notice under this section shall be issued unless there is information with the Assessing Officer which suggests that the income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment in the case of the assessee for the relevant assessment year and the Assessing Officer has obtained prior approval of the specified authority to issue such notice.”
Thus, on the facts of the present case, the Show Cause Notice u/s.148A(b) of the Act was issued upon the assessee herein only upon prior approval of the competent authority, PCIT, Madurai – 1. But whether this sanction would also be available / extended to the issuance of notice u/s.148 of the Act / passing of the order u/s.148A(d) of the Act by the AO by reckoning it was a fit case for issuance of such notice u/s.148 of the Act ?
We are unable to further accept this argument of the ld.DR, because if it were to be accepted, it would result in a scenario wherein the competent authority was according sanction / approval in terms of Section 151 of the Act for issuing notice u/s.148 of the Act even prior to reply of the assessee to the Show Cause Notice u/s.148A(b) of the Act and even prior the decision of the AO in reckoning whether it was a fit case or not for issuing notice u/s.148 of the Act.
Furthermore, if the said argument were to be accepted, then the very purpose behind introduction of provisions in Section 148A of the Act by way of Finance Act, 2021 to grant an opportunity to the tax payer to demonstrate his case for dropping the proceedings before issuing notice u/s.148 of the Act would stand defeated.
Thus, on the facts of the present case, we find that although the sanction was granted to the AO for issuing the Show Cause Notice u/s.148A(b) of the Act, a separate sanction is to be granted for the purpose of issuance notice u/s.148 of the Act as well as the passing of the order u/s.148A(d) of the Act, in the event of the AO finding it fit to do so. Hence, we reject this argument of the ld.DR also.
We further find that the Hon’ble Madras High Court in the case of Core Logistic Company v. Assistant Commissioner of Income-tax, reported in 175 taxmann.com 453, had proceeded to quash the re- assessment order passed in terms of Section 147 of the Act on account of grant of sanction by the improper authority. The Hon’ble Madras High Court while quashing the said re-assessment order had held as follows: “9. A perusal of Section 151(i) would show that, the specified authority for the purpose of issuing notice under Section 148 within a period of three years from the end of the relevant assessment year is, the Principal Commissioner or Principal Director or Commissioner or Director. Further, in terms of provision of Section 149, three year time period is fixed for issuance of 148 notice, in the event of the amount is below 50 lakhs. In the present case, the amount involved is Rs.3,65,09,748/-, which is more than 50 lakhs. 148 notice was issued on 25.07.2022, which is beyond the period of three years. So admittedly, the approval has to be obtained from the Principal Chief Commissioner or Principal Director General or Chief Commissioner or Director General as defined under Section 151(ii). But, in the Subbiah Murugavel :- 7 -:
present case, the approval was obtained from the Principal Commissioner in terms of Section 151(i) and no approval was obtained before issuance of 148 notice in terms of provision of Section 151(ii), which is mandatory. Therefore, the notice under Section 148 was issued in the present case in violation of provision of Section 151(ii) of the Income Tax Act. In view thereof, the initiation of proceedings itself is without any jurisdiction. Hence, the same is liable to be quashed.”
Thus, respectfully following the decision of the Madras High Court in the case of Core Logistic Company (supra) we hold that the sanction accorded by the authorities prescribed u/s.151(i) of the Act on the facts of the case, i.e. PCIT, Madurai – 1 for the notice issued u/s.148 of the Act dated 19.04.2022 and the order u/s.148A(d) of the Act after the expiry of 3 years from the end of the relevant assessment year as against the correct sanction to have been granted by the authorities prescribed u/s.151(ii) of the Act would vitiate the entire re-assessment proceedings initiated and completed in terms of Section 147 of the Act. The PCIT by assuming revisionary jurisdiction in terms of Section 263 of the Act could not have set aside a non-est re-assessment order and further could not have directed the AO to pass a fresh assessment order.”
The ld. DR on the other hand argued that the AO initiated the proceedings by issue of notice u/s. 148A(b) on 26.03.2022 which is within 3 years and therefore the AO has rightly obtained the approval from PCIT. The ld DR placed reliance on the decision of the Hon'ble Calcutta High Court in the case of Girija Commercial (P) Ltd vs UOI 2024 169 taxmann.com 168 (Calcutta).
We heard the parties and perused the material on record. From the perusal of the decision of the coordinate bench in the case of Meganapuram Primary Agricultural cooperative Credit Society, we notice that the ratio laid down is that a separate sanction is to be granted for the purpose of issue of notice u/s.148 of the Act from the appropriate authority u/s.151 of the Act. The coordinate bench has further held that and that if the argument of the ld DR to be accepted it would defeat purpose of introduction of section 148A of the Act whereby the assessee is granted an opportunity to demonstrate his Subbiah Murugavel :- 8 -: case for dropping the proceedings before issuing notice u/s.148 of the Act. In this regard, we notice that the Hon'ble Bombay High Court in the case of M/s. Vodafone Idea Limited Vs DCIT (WP No. 2768 of 2022 dated 06.02.2024) has considered and identical issue where it is held that even in cases where the notice u/s. 148A(b) was issued before completion of 3 years, if the notice u/s. 148 is issued beyond 3 years the approval needs to be obtained from PCCIT as per Section 151(ii) of the Act.
In assessee's case though the notice under section 148A(b) was issued on 26.03.2022, and the notice u/s. 148 has been issued on 19.04.2022. On perusal of the notice u/s. 148 we notice that the approval has been obtained from PCIT, Madurai-1. The relevant extract of the notice u/s. 148 is as under:
From the perusal of these facts, we are of the considered view that the ratio laid down by the judicial precedence is applicable to the present case. Accordingly respectfully following the above judicial precedence we hold that the notice issued by the AO u/s.148 beyond 3 years on 19.04.2022 with the approval of PCIT instead of PCCIT as per the provisions of section 151(ii) is not valid. Consequently the assessment completed based on the invalid notice is liable to be quashed.
In result, appeal of the assessee is allowed.
Order pronounced on 23rd day of January, 2026 at Chennai.