ACIT 17 (3), MUMBAI vs. M/S RASHMI BEARING CO, MUMBAI

Sr. No. Name of Suppliers Amount 1 Polsons Sales Agency Ltd. 2 Pratik Enterprises 34,125 3 Ashtavinayak Trading Co. 12,033 4 Volcano Trading Pvt. Ltd. 1,04,811 5 Vihol Enterprises 35,186 6 Supreme Enterprises 50,873 7 Samarth Enterprises 1,30,415 8 Bavik Enterprises 4,43,557 9 Balaji Marekting Pvt. Ltd. 74,182 10 Park Distributor Pvt. Ltd. 1,60,965 11 Purvi Sales Agency Pvt. Ltd. 13,125 12 Yoam Metallic Trading Pvt. Ltd. 1,27,890 13 Jainam Enterprises 2,46,618 14 Girnar Sales Corporation 2,05,879 Total 16,97,681 After the reply of the assessee, the AO raised the addition to the extent of 17.04% of bogus purchase in sum of Rs.16,97,681/-. The total income of the assessee was assessed to the tune of Rs.37,18,590/-. Feeling aggrieved, the assessee filed an appeal before the CIT(A) who partly allowed the claim of the assessee but the revenue was not satisfied, therefore, the revenue has filed the present appeal before us.

“5.3 I have very carefully perused the impugned Order, the ensure attendant facts and circumstances of the matter and the submissions of the Ld. AR. I have also perused with circumspection, the pertinent details and materials on record. 5.4 At this stage, it will be relevant to mention that the in the submissions of the A.R., numerous case laws have been quoted. However, on a careful perusal of the same, it is seen that rather than pin-point as to how and in what mode or manner do these precedents, apply to the instant case, the submissions seem to be a rambling exposition on the various aspects of different case laws. It is hardly pointed out as to how they are applicable to the peculiar facts of the appellant's case. Further, it is neither judicially expedient, nor prudent to superimpose the facts of the AR to the facts of the present case. In this sense, each case is undisputedly unique and stands on different pedestal. 5.5 In fact, in this case, the action of the AO is quite fair, just and reasonable in as much as the fact that the AO did not rush to judgment by adding the entire amount as, bogus purchases, despite the fact that the appellant did not discharge its burden of proof in establishing the genuineness of the transactions. The AO however, noted and discussed entire modus-operandi involved in such grey market transactions and since the AO did not doubt the sales corresponding to such bogus purchase in entirety, hence he had to essentially take a very judicious approach which was that the profit margin embedded in the transaction should only be added. In the present case on the above lines, it is seen that the AO has indeed taxed only the profit element embedded in the bogus purchase transaction. 5.6 It is pertinent to note that the High Court of Gujarat. in the case of Commissioner of Income-tax v. Simit P. Sheth [2013] 356 ITR 451 (Gujarat) has held that where purchases were not bogus but were made from parties other than those mentioned in books of account, not entire purchase price but only profit element embedded in such purchases can be added to income of assessee. In this case the Assessing Officer noticed that some of the alleged suppliers of steel to the assessee had made their statements on oath to the effect that they had not supplied the steel to the assessee but had only provided sale bills. The CIT(A) noted that the appellant- assessee may have had made the purchases from other parties in the open market. Thereupon, he retained 30 per cent of the purchase cost as the probable profit of the assessee. The ITAT was of the opinion that twelve and half per cent of the disputed purchases should be retained in the hands of the assessee as business profit. In the result, the Tribunal partially allowed the assessee's appeal. The High Court held that once the assessee's sale of "x" quantity of steel is accepted, the purchases of the same quantity had to be believed. It was held that it may be that the three suppliers from whom the assessee claimed to have purchased the steel did not own up to such sales but the vital question remains i.e. whether the entire amount of purchases should be added back to the income of the assessee or only the profit element embedded therein was to ascertained; and whether the purchases themselves were completely bogus and non-existent or that the purchases were actually made but not from the parties from whom it was claimed to have been made and instead may have been purchased from grey market without proper billing or documentation. The High Court held that in the present case when the total sale is accepted by the Assessing Officer, he could not have questioned the very basis of the purchases. That being the position, not the entire purchase price but only the profit element embedded in such purchases can be added to the income of the assessee. This decision was taken in view of the earlier decisions of the Gujarat High Court in the case of CIT v. Vijay M. Mistry Construction Ltd. [20131 355 ITR 498 (Guj) and in the case of CIT v. Bholanath Poly Fab (P.) Ltd. (20131 355 ITR 290 (Guj). The Court also held that if the entire purchases were wholly bogus and there was a finding of fact on record that no purchases were made at all, the counsel for the Revenue would be justified in arguing that the entire amount of such bogus purchases should be added back to the income of the assessee. The High Court finally concluded that the only question that survives in this case is what should be the fair profit rate out of the bogus purchases which should be added back to the income of the assessee. The Court held that in essence, the Tribunal has estimated the possible profit out of purchases made through non- genuine parties at 12.5% and no question of law in such estimation would arise. It was also held that the estimation of rate of profit return must necessarily vary with the nature of business and no uniform yardstick can be adopted. In the case of the appellant as well, the ratio of the above said decision would largely apply, in as much as the fact that here also it would be a question of a reasoned estimate of the profit embedded in the transactions. In the above case, i.e. that of Commissioner of Income-tax v. Simit P. Sheth, essentially the Gujrat High Court held that in such cases it is a question of G.P.% and not the entire purchase price of transaction. I find that the order of the AO also goes by this yardstick, so however, that instead of adopting the rate of 12.5%, the AO in his perception has adopted the rate of 17.04%. 5.7 Further, it can be seen that there is no effective and plausible counter to the fact that the appellant has not been able to give any convincing or cogent explanation as to how these goods happened to come in his possession as no documents such as delivery Challans, transportation bills, goods receipt notes, stock register etc. have been produced as evidence for having made physical delivery of the goods to the appellant by the alleged hawala parties. The fact remains that the various parties from whom the accommodation entries are taken, are declared as Hawala party by the Sales Tax Department. Hence, the purchases of the appellant therefrom cannot be validated and established. This aspect renders the decision of the AO on a strong footing since he has taken a balanced and judicious approach. 5.8 In the present facts and circumstances of the case, it is observed that the aforesaid purchases are supported by dubious bills with subsequententries in the books of accounts and payment has been claimed to have been made by account payee cheques. The claim of the appellant that the payments have been made by the a/c payee cheque also does not make the claim as bonafide in view of the judicial pronouncement made by Hon'ble Calcutta High Court in the case of CIT vs. Precision Finance Pvt. Ltd. 208 ITR 465 Cal. (1994). It was held that transaction through bank is not sufficient to prove a transaction as bonafide. Merely because the money is transferred through the bank account does not prove that the money is explained. It is essential to prove the creditworthiness of the persons or genuineness of the transactions. Merely furnishing of particulars is not enough. It was held that mere payment by account payee cheque is not sacrosanct nor can it make a non-genuine transaction genuine. The ratio laid down in the case of Precision Finance is squarely applicable to the facts and circumstances in the present case of the appellant.

5.9 It is further pertinent to note that the veracity of the transactions through banking channels is not a Sine-qua-non to prove that the transaction must indeed be beyond the shadow of doubt and also that there cannot be any infirmity with the same. Judicial decisions have also taken note of this aspect and started recognizing that modern instruments of tax evasion are ingenious enough to shape them in such a manner that on the surface, they appear genuine enough. The above is supported by the following case laws i.e.:-

1. 1. CIT Vs. Jansampark Advt. Del, High Court/ITA No.525/2014. Ratio "The fact that transactions are through banking channel, it does not necessarily follow that satisfaction as to the creditworthiness of parties or genuineness of transaction has been established."

2. CIT Vs. Vir Bhan & Sons, 273 ITR, 206(P&H)-High Court. "Mere fact that amount was received by cheque, by itself does not conclusively prove the genuineness of the transaction." 5.10 Further, it is the legal position that the onus is on the appellant to produce the identity of the so-called suppliers and genuineness of transactions, when he has claimed the purchases to have been made from them. There is no concrete evidence produced by the appellant to prove delivery of goods through independent agency / third party in the case of the purchases. 5.11 It is also canvassed that the addition is based on third-party statements. However, it is pertinent to note that the fact remains that in the case of the appellant the addition was made, inter-alia, not merely on third party statement but rather on account of the failure of the appellant to discharge the burden of proof cast on it to establish the veracity and the genuineness of the transaction. 5.12 Further, it is pertinent to note that it is the say of the Id. AR that addition cannot be made on suspicion alone. On this aspect, I find that rather than making the addition purely on suspicion and surmises, the AO has made the impugned addition on specific and credible evidence, which the appellant is unable to counter. Not Id. AO has been fair and just in taxing the embedded profit element in the Hawala transactions/bogus purchase transactions. 5.13 It is further argued that no opportunity of cross examination is afforded to the appellant and also that the sole reliance on Sales Tax/VAT is not correct. In this regard, it is observed that the opportunity of cross examination may not be sacrosanct and fatal to the assessment as held by Hon'ble Bombay High Court in GTC INDUSTRIES LTD. Vs. ACIT (1998)65 ITD 380/60 TTJ 308(BOM). In the present appeal, at the cost of repetition it is observed that AO did not base his decision solely on the Sales Tax/VAT and came to an independent conclusion after due consideration of a myriad of factors and on account of the inability of the appellant to discharge the burden of proof cast on it. 5.14 It is a well-established position at law, that the importance of VAT investigation cannot be in any manner trivialized. Further, it is important to appreciate that it is not proper to say that sales tax records/investigation has no value is not correct. It has strong corroborative value. Further, the significance of VAT Investigation has been judicially noted in the case of ARUN SHIMPI vs. ITO (2016)48 CCH 195 (MUM)... 5.15 In context of Central Excise (a similar law) records maintained were held to be important piece of evidence as held in Motipur Sugal Factory (P) Ltd. V. CIT (1974) 95 ITR 401 (Pat)(HC)(409)(PRO ASSESSE JUDGMENT OTHERWISE ACTUALLY) and in Shanker Rice Co. V. ITO (2000) 72 ITD 139 (Asr.) (SB)(Trib.) (158). By parity of reasoning the same applies to sales tax law as well in context of determination of taxable income in IT Law. 5.16 In the context of the judicial pronouncements rendered on behalf of the appellant, it is a trite law that each judicial decision is rendered in the very peculiar and factual matrix of that case and therefore it is not either judicially expedient or prudent to superimpose the facts of the case cited by the AR to the facts of the present case. In this sense, each case is undisputedly unique and stands on different pedestal. 5.17 Further, I note that in various decisions, the Hon'ble ITAT, Mumbai has held that in such cases which are essentially of trading, estimation f 12.5% profit as having been embedded in the bogus purchase transaction was held to be a fair and just outcome. Some of these decisions are quoted below: Meru Impex Ex in ITA No.2660/Mum/2017. MP Recycling Co. in ITA No.6358/Mum/2016. Y.A. Mamaji Furnishing & Co. in ITA's 4756,4757 & 4758/Mum/2014 1) Manish M Shah in ITA 2975/ Mum/2015. 5.18 In view of the above discussion, in my considered view whereas the hiding and final decision of the AO to tax the embedded profit element in the transaction is held to be valid, so however, respectfully following the above quoted ITAT decisions, the addition is restricted to 12.5% of the bogus/Hawala purchases, instead of 17.04% taken by the AO. The AO is directed to rework the disallowance on the above lines. 5.19 Consequently, the impugned issue of the disallowance out of bogus Purchases is partially decided in favour and partially against the appellant as per the above stipulation and therefore, appeal is partly allowed.”