DCIT, INTERNATIONAL TAXATION, CIRCLE-1(1)(1), NEW DELHI vs. ALCATEL LUCENT INTERNATIONAL, FRANCE

2. The appellant craves leave to add, modify, amend or alter any ground of appeal at the time of, or before, the hearing of

“8. A similar quarrel was decided by the Tribunal in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue in a bunch of appeals in and others vide order dated 04.04.2014. This order of the Tribunal was confirmed by the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi in ITA Nos.119 to 157/2015 vide order dated 27.02.2015. The relevant findings of the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi read as under: “4. Re-assessment proceedings were initiated for the year under consideration. The assessee claimed that the income declared originally m the assessment proceedings be treated as return filed in the assessment proceedings. In the re- assessment order, the AO observed that the assessee. a company incorporated in France and other concerned countries used to manufacture, trade and supply equipments and services for GSM Cellular Radio Telephones Systems. The assessee had supplied hardware and software to various entities m India. Software licenced by the assessee embodies the process which is required to control and manage the specific set of activities involved in the business use of its customers. Software also made available the process to its customers, who used it to carry out their business activities. In this view of the matter, the AO felt that the consideration of supply of software amounted to royalty under Sect 9(l)(vi) of the Income Tax Act. The CTT( Appeals) - to whom the asses appealed and later the ITAT to whom the Revenue appealed concurred held that the supply of embedded software (which was part of the hardware supplied to the assessee’s customers by it) under consideration did constitute royalty and. therefore. Section 9(l)(vi) was not attracted and the same reasons. Article 13(3) of the DTAA was not involved.

“54. It is difficult to accept the aforesaid submissions in the facts of the present case. We have already held above that the assessee did not have any business connection in India. We have also held that the supply of equipment in question -was in the nature of supply of goods. Therefore, this issue is to be examined keeping in view these findings. Moreover, another finding of fact is recorded by the Tribunal that the Cellular Operator did not acquire any of the copyrights referred to in Section 14 (b) of the Copyright Act. 1957.

"In our view the term "goods" as used in Article S66(12) of the Constitution of India and as defined under the said Act are very wide and include all types of movable properties, whether those properties be tangible or intangible. We are in complete agreement with the observations made by this Court in Associated Cement Companies Ltd. (supra). A software programme may consist of various commands which enable the computer to perform a designated task. The copyright in that programme may remain with the originator of the programme. But the moment copies are made and marketed, it becomes goods, it 'Inch are susceptible to sales tax. Even intellectual property, once it is put on to a media, -whether it be in the form of books or canvas (In case of painting) or computer discs or cassettes, and marketed would become "goods". We see no difference between a sale of a software are programme on a CD floppy disc from a sale of music on a cassette CD or a sale of a film on a video cassette CD. In all such cases, the intellectual property has been incorporated on a media for purposes of transfer. Sale is not just of the media which by itself has very little value. The software are and the media cannot be split up. What the buyer purchases and pays for is not the disc or the CD. As in the case of paintings or books or music or films the buyer is purchasing the intellectual property and not the media i.e. the paper or cassette or disc or CD. Thus a transaction sale of computer software is clearly a sale of "goods" within the meaning of the term as defined in the said Act. The term "all materials, articles and commodities" includes both tangible and intangible incorporeal property which is capable of abstraction, consumption and use and which can be transmitted, transferred, delivered, stored, possessed etc. The software programmes have all these attributes……

In Advent Systems Ltd. v. Unisys Corpn, (925 F. 2d 6~0 f3rd Cir. 1991 n. relied on by Mr. Sorabjee, the court w as concerned with interpretation of uniform civil code which "applied to transactions in goods". The goods therein were defined as "all things (including specially manufactured goods) which are moveable at the time of the identification for sale". It was held:

"Computer programs are the product of an intellectual process, but once implanted in a medium are widely distributed to computer owners. An analogy can be draw n to a compact disc recording of an orchestra] rendition. The music is produced by the artistry of musicians and in itself is not a "good," but when transferred to a laser-readable disc becomes a readily merchantable commodity. Similarly, when a professor delivers a lecture, it is not a good, but, when transcribed as a book, it becomes a good.

That a computer program may be copyrightable as intellectual property does not alter the fact that once in the form of a floppy disc or other medium, the program is tangible, moveable and available in the marketplace. The fact that some programs may be tailored for specific purposes need not alter their status as "goods" because the Code definition includes,; "specially manufactured goods. "

“168. Given the definition of royalties contained in Article 12 of the DTAAs mentioned in paragraph 41 of this judgment, it is clear that there is no obligation on the persons mentioned in section 195 of the Income Tax Act to deduct tax at source, as the distribution agreements'/EULAs in the facts of these cases do not create any interest or right in such distributors/end- users, which would amount to the use of or right to use any copyright. The provisions contained in the Income Tax Act (section 9(1 )(vi), along with explanations 2 and 4 thereof), which deal with royalty, not being more beneficial to the assessees, have no application in the facts of these cases.

169.Our answer to the question posed before us, is that the amounts paid by resident Indian end-users/distributors to non-resident computer software manufacturers/suppliers, as consideration for the resale/use of the computer software through EULAs/distribution agreements, is not the payment of royalty for the use of copyright in the computer software, and that the same does not give rise to any income taxable in India, as a result of which the persons referred to in section 195 of the Income Tax Act were not liable to deduct any TDS under section 195 of the Income Tax Act, The answer to this question will apply to all four categories of cases enumerated by us in paragraph 4 of this judgment.

170.The appeals from the impugned judgments of the High Court of Karnataka are allowed, and the aforesaid judgments are set aside. The ruling of the AAR in Citrix Systems (AAR) (supra) is set aside. The appeals from the impugned judgments of the High Court of Delhi are dismissed.

7. In view of above, respectfully following the decision of the Tribunal mentioned herein above, we do not find any infirmity in the orders of the learned CIT(A), therefore, we uphold the same.