NOVARTIS INDIA LTD,MUMBAI vs. ADDL CIT 7(1), MUMBAI

4.2 We heard the parties on this issue and perused the record. Identical issue was considered by the co-ordinate bench in AY 2003-04 in in its order dated 27-05-2024. The co-ordinate bench noticed that it is a recurring issue every year. Further, it noticed that another co-ordinate bench has reached a compromise formula in AY 2008-09 in dated 28th July, 2022), wherein the AO was directed to treat the opening WDV of assets transferred to the above said company as loss of assets. Hence, the co-ordinate bench held in AY 2003-04 that, in order to give effect to the above said direction given by the Tribunal in AY 2008-09, the depreciation claimed by the assessee in AY 2003-04 should be allowed. Accordingly, the co-ordinate bench deleted the disallowance of depreciation made by the AO in AY 2003-04. Accordingly, following the above said decision of the co-ordinate bench, we also direct the AO to delete the disallowance of depreciation made on the assets transferred to M/s Ciba Specialty Chemicals (India) Ltd in this year also.

5.1 We notice that the AO had made identical addition in AY 2002-03 in the hands of the assessee. The co-ordinate bench, vide its order dated 20-03-2024 passed in has deleted this addition following the decision rendered in the assessee’s own case in AY 1997-98 (ITA No.5238/Mum/2003 dated 25.01.2017). The co-ordinate bench has held that the consistently followed method of valuation of stock, which has been accepted by the departmental authorities earlier, should not be disturbed, since a stray departure in one year tends to upset the calculations. Following the above said decision, we set aside the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue and direct the AO to delete this addition.

6.1 In AY 2006-07 and 2007-08, the AO has also invoked the provisions of sec.35DDA, which provided amortization of expenditure incurred under Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) in five years. The above said section 35DDA was inserted in Statute with effect from 1.4.2001. The assessee submitted that the VRS scheme was implemented in the year 1993 and hence the new provision of sec.35DDA will not apply to it. The tax authorities did not accept the same. The provisions of sec. 35DDA used the expression “incurs any expenditure by way of payment of any sum to an employee”. Hence, the AO took the view that the deduction of VRS payments should be allowed on payment basis only. Accordingly, on this count also, the AO disallowed the incremental liability of VRS claimed by the assessee. The Ld CIT(A) confirmed the same.

6.2 We heard the parties on this issue and perused the record. We notice that the VRS scheme of the assessee was instituted in the year 1993 and the deduction is being claimed from that year on accrual basis. We also notice that, as per the VRS scheme, a portion of compensation payable by the assessee could be commuted by the employees and for the balance portion held by the assessee, the amount is being paid by way of pension. The commuted amount of VRS compensation has been paid in the year 1993 itself. The incremental liability claimed by the assessee is related to the pension liability, which is recurring in nature. The contention of the assessee is that the new provisions of sec.35DDA have come into force from 1.4.2001 and hence it would not apply to the scheme instituted in the earlier years. In our view, the provisions of sec.35DDA are related to lump sum compensation paid, since the question of amortization shall arise only in respect of lump sum payments. The purpose of spreading the deduction into five years is to avoid distortion of the profits in one year and also collection of income tax. Accordingly, we are of the view that the provisions of sec.35DDA shall not apply to the pension payments. In the instant case, the incremental liability is related to pension payments. Hence, we are of the view that the provisions of 35DDA shall not be applicable to pension payments, which are recurring in nature. Accordingly, we reject the view taken by the tax authorities on the applicability of sec.35DDA to the case of the assessee.

6.3 In respect of claim for deduction of incremental liability, we notice that the Ld CIT(A) has also taken different stand in the earlier years, i.e,, in some years, the Ld CIT(A) has confirmed the disallowance of provision for VRS compensation and in some other years, it has been deleted. A provision for expenses is created for a known liability under the accounting principles. Hence, the said claim made by the assessee is in principle allowable as deduction, since it is a provision created for a known liability. Hence the AO was not right in treating it as a contingent liability. Hence the Ld CIT(A) was right in allowing the same as deduction.

6.4 However, if the provision so made is not allowed as deduction in any of the years by the AO or the appellate authorities, then the actual payment made out of that provision is allowable as deduction. It is the submission of the assessee that Rs.3,89,26,463/- represents actual payment made in this year. Hence, if the relevant provision amount had been disallowed in any of the prior years, then the actual payment should be allowed as deduction. However, the relevant details are not available on record. Hence the claim of the assessee requires verification at the end of the AO. Accordingly, we restore this alternative ground of the assessee in all the three years under consideration to the file of the assessing officer for examining the same in the light of discussions made supra.

7.1 The assessee claimed the software expenses as revenue in nature, but the AO considered it as capital in nature. Accordingly, he disallowed the claim of the assessee, but granted depreciation thereon. The ld CIT(A) also confirmed the same.

7.2 We heard the parties on this issue. We notice that an identical issue has been dealt with by the co-ordinate bench in the assessee’s own case in AY 2003-04 (referred supra) and the same was decided in favour of the assessee following the decision rendered in AY 2002-03 in the assessee’s own case in & 6772/Mum/2010. In AY 2002-03, the Tribunal has followed the decision rendered in the assessee’s own case in AY 1991-92 (ITA No.9679/Mum/1995). The Tribunal has accepted the submission of the assessee that the application software usually become outdated in no time and hence they cannot be treated as capital expenditure. Accordingly, following the decision of co-ordinate benches rendered in the earlier years in the hands of the assessee, we set aside the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue in all the three years and direct the AO to allow software expenses as revenue expenses.

8.1 We notice that disallowance of identical expenses has been made in the earlier years also. The Tribunal has deleted the identical disallowance made in AY 2002-03 in dated 20-03-2024, wherein it has followed the decision rendered by the co-ordinate bench in the assessee’s own case in AY 1997-98 in dated 25.01.2017. In all these years, the Tribunal noticed that the foreigners are the executives specializing in the business carried on by the assessee and they visit India for business purposes only. Accordingly, the Tribunal has deleted the identical disallowance made in the earlier years. Accordingly, following the decision rendered by the co-ordinate benches, we set aside the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue in AY 2004-05 and 2006-07 and direct the AO to delete the disallowance made in both the years mentioned above.

10.1 We notice that the Ld CIT(A) has confirmed disallowance to the extent of 2% of dividend income in AY 2004-05. Hence, his order does not call for any interference. In AY 2006-07, the ld CIT(A) has directed the AO to disallow such percentage of dividend income as applied in the earlier years. We modify the said order of Ld CIT(A) and direct the AO to disallow 2% of the dividend income. In AY 2007-08, the AO and Ld CIT(A) has applied the provisions of Rule 8D, which is contrary to the decision rendered by Hon’ble Bombay High Court in the case of Godrej Boyce Mfg co. (supra). Accordingly, we set aside the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue in AY 2007-08 and direct the AO to restrict the disallowance u/s 14A to 2% of the dividend income.

11.1 The Ld A.R submitted that value of closing stock as on 31.3.2004 was determined by the AO by loading the unutilised modvat credit. He submitted that the AO should be directed to adopt the same method for the opening stock as on 1.4.2004. He submitted that the method of determining the value of stock should be identical both for closing stock and opening stock of any year. We find merit in the above said submissions of Ld A.R. Accordingly, we direct the AO to adopt the value of closing of one year as the opening stock of the succeeding year.

13.1 We heard the parties on this issue and perused the record. According to Ld A.R, these advances are in the nature of trade advances and the irrecoverable advances have been written off by the assessee. We notice that the amount so written off is allowable as deduction u/s 28 or u/s 37(1), if the said advances had been given for revenue purposes. In our view, the question of examining the amount so written off u/s 36(1)(vii) shall not arise in this case. The Ld A.R submitted that the assessee is having relevant details relating to the advances so written off. Under these set of facts, we are of the view that this issue requires fresh examination at the end of the AO in both AY 2004-05 and 2006-07. Accordingly, we set aside the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue in both the years under consideration and restore the same to the file of the AO for examining afresh. The assessee is also directed to furnish the details of advances and show that those advances were given for revenue purposes.

14.1 The Ld A.R submitted that all receipts except “income from royalties” have been held to be part of “profits of business” by the Tribunal in the earlier years, since they cannot be considered as independent source of income. Accordingly, the Ld A.R submitted that there is no necessity to exclude them from the profits. With regard to “Income from royalties”, the Ld A.R submitted that the same is also not required to be reduced, since it is also arising from the exercise of same business only. He also placed his reliance on the decision rendered by Hon’ble Bombay High Court in the case of CIT vs. Pfizer Ltd (2011)(330 ITR 62)(Bom).

14.2 We heard Ld D.R and perused the record. With regard to “Income from Royalties’, we are unable to accept the contentions of the Ld A.R. In our view, the income from royalties is received on licensing some rights to a third party and the same is not connected with the business or business of exports carried on by the assessee. The decision rendered by Hon’ble Bombay High Court in the case of Pfizer Ltd (supra) is related to the insurance claim received on stock in trade and hence it is not an independent source of income. Hence, the Hon’ble Bombay High Court held that the said insurance receipt is not required to be excluded. In the instant case, in our view, the royalty receipts are independent source of income. Accordingly, we are of the view that the Ld CIT(A) was justified in confirming the action of the AO in excluding 90% of royalty income from profits for the purpose of computing profits of business as per Explanation (baa) to sec.80HHC of the Act. With regard to other receipts, the Ld A.R submitted that they are covered by the decisions rendered by the Tribunal in earlier years. Accordingly, we direct the AO to follow the decisions rendered by the Tribunal in respect of other receipts. The order passed by Ld CIT(A) is modified accordingly. The matter is restored to the file of the AO for computing deduction u/s 80HHC in terms of discussions made supra.

15.1 The AO noticed that the assessee has allowed M/s Ciba Specialty Chemicals ltd (demerged company) to use some of its premises. It had recovered certain costs from the above said company. When questioned about the amount received from the above said company, the assessee submitted that certain residential flats belonging to the assessee were allowed to be used by the above said company. We noticed that the above said company was formed by demerging one of the divisions of the assessee company on 01-04-1996. It was stated that there was mutual understanding between both the companies to share the premises and all the costs incurred on those premises are recovered. The AO however took the view that the recovery of actual costs incurred on those premises is not relevant and the Annual letting value has to be computed and assessed under the head Income from house property. The AO noticed that the annual letting value was determined in AY 2002-03 by considering the market rate of rent at Rs,15/- per sq. ft. per month. The value so arrived at was increased by 5% in AY 2003-04. The AO adopted the same methodology and arrived at the fair rental value by increasing 5% of the rent determined in AY 2003-04 and assessed the same in AY 2004-05. The Ld CIT(A) also confirmed the same.

15.2 In the earlier years, the Tribunal had accepted the submission of the assessee that it has permitted use of its premises in order to facilitate the process of demerger, i.e., it was also considered as the use of premises for the purpose of business of the assessee. Accordingly, the addition of notional rent was deleted by the Tribunal.

15.3 Before us, same contentions were raised. We noticed that the demerger has taken place long back, i.e., on 1.4.1996 and hence, in our view, the question of facilitation of demerger should not arise in the years under consideration. Accordingly, we are of the view that there is change in facts and hence the decision rendered by the Tribunal in the earlier years need not be followed in the changed circumstances. There is no dispute that the demerged company is a separate person and carrying on business separately. Hence the use of premises by the demerged company cannot be considered as usage by the assessee for the purposes of its business.

15.4 It is stated that the assessee is recovering the actual costs incurred in respect of those premises like municipal taxes, water taxes and electricity charges. The recovery of water taxes and electricity charges are related to the facilities used by the demerged company and hence they cannot be equated with the rent and cannot be considered as rent payment. However, the payment of municipal taxes is the responsibility of the assessee and if it is recovered from the demerged company, it can be appropriated towards annual rental value. There is no dispute that the rental income has to be computed in respect of house property, which is owned, but not used by the assessee for the purposes of its own business. Accordingly, we are of the view that the notional rental income is required to be assessed.

15.5 However, we notice that the AO has adopted adhoc rate for determining the Annual letting value. We notice that the said methodology is not in accordance with law laid down by Hon’ble Bombay High Court in some of the cases. We also notice that the assessee has also raised similar contentions before the tax authorities. Accordingly, we are of the view that the determination of Annual Letting value (ALV) requires fresh examination. Accordingly, we restore this issue to the file of AO in AY 2004-05 and 2006-07 for determining ALV in accordance with the decisions rendered by Hon’ble Bombay High Court. The recovery of municipal taxes paid towards the premises occupied by the demerged company should be appropriated towards the annual letting value so determined and the addition should be restricted to the excess amount, if any. The order passed by Ld CIT(A) in both the above said years would stand modified accordingly.

16.1 The assessee held certain parcel of lands in Goregaon area of Mumbai and it sold part of the same during the financial years relevant to AY 2004-05 and 2006-07. The assessee, while computing long term capital gain, adopted the fair market value as on 1.4.1981 on the basis of valuation reports given by a valuer. The AO, initially took the view that the valuer has determined the value of land at the “rate per square meter”, but the Assessee has wrongly considered the same to be “rate per square feet”. Accordingly, he recomputed the fair market value as on 1.4.1981 by converting the rate per square meter into rate per square feet. In the mean time, the assessee furnished valuation reports from two other valuers also. Hence, the AO referred the matter of determination of fair market value as on 1.4.1981 to the departmental valuation officer (DVO). However, the DVO did not furnish his report before the completion of assessment. Hence the AO completed the assessment by adopting the rate per square feet, as determined by him. The Ld CIT( A) also confirmed the same in both the years, viz., AY 2004-05 and 2006-07.

16.2 We heard the parties on this issue and perused the record. We notice that an identical issue has been considered by the co-ordinate bench in AY 2002-03 and 2003-04 (referred supra). When the appeal of AY 2002-03 was pending, the DVO report was brought to the notice of the Tribunal. The DVO had determined the fair market value as on 1.4.1981 at Rs.71.12 per sq ft. Accordingly, the Tribunal directed the AO to compute the long term capital gains on sale of land by adopting the fair market value as on 1.4.1981 as per the rate determined by the DVO. The above said decision was followed by the Tribunal in AY 2003-04 also.

16.3 Since the co-ordinate benches have already directed the AO to adopt the fair market value determined by DVO, following the same, we also direct the AO to re-compute the long term capital gains in both AY 2004-05 and 2006-07 by adopting the fair market value as on 1.4.1981 at the rate determined by the DVO. The Ld A.R submitted that the area of land sold in AY 2004-05 was 41534.40 sq.ft and the AO has also computed the long term capital gains on the above said area only. The Ld A.R submitted that the DVO has reduced the area of the land sold by the assessee. There should not be any dispute that the long term capital gains has to be computed for the area of land, which is actually sold by the assessee. Accordingly, we direct the AO to compute the long term capital gains on the actual area sold by the assessee and for that purpose, the AO should adopt the fair market value of rate per square feet as on 1.4.1981 as determined by the DVO.

17.1 We notice that an identical issue has been considered by the co- ordinate bench in the assessee’s own case in AY 2008-09 in dated 28-09-2022. The co-ordinate bench has deleted the disallowance by following the decision rendered by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Rotork Controls India (P) Ltd (314 ITR 62)(SC), wherein the Hon’ble Supreme Court noticed that “a provision is a liability which can be measured only by using a substantial degree of estimation” and such provision can be allowed as deduction when

(a) an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event

(b) it is possible that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation.

(c) a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

In the instant case, there is no dispute that the provision for expenses were made on the basis of estimates made with reliable data. Whatever may be the degree of estimation, there bound to be some difference when the actual bill is received and hence the same would require adjustment on account of excess/short provision. Such adjustment would be a recurring feature and they are considered as current year’s expenses as per the accounting principles. Hence, there is no reason to disallow the same. Accordingly, following the order passed by the co-ordinate bench in the hands of the assessee in AY 2008-09, we set aside the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue in all the three years, viz., AY 2004-05, 2006-07 and 2007-08 and direct the AO to delete this disallowance made in the above said three years.

18.1 We heard the parties on this issue. There should not be any dispute that the interest u/s 234C is required to be computed on the returned income. Accordingly, we restore this issue to the file of the AO for computing interest u/s 234C as per the provisions of the Act.

22.1 The Ld A.R placed his reliance on the decision rendered by Visakhapatnam bench of ITAT in the case of M Siva Parvathi and others vs. ITO (2011)( 7 ITR (Trib) 468)(Visakhapatnam) and contended that this decision would apply to the facts of the present case. The Ld A.R submitted that the sale price agreed between the parties have been approved by the Appropriate authority under Chapter XXC in the financial year 2001-02, i.e., prior to introduction of sec.50C. Accordingly, he contended that the provisions of sec.50C should not be applied in the hands of the assessee in respect of above transactions.

22.2 We heard Ld D.R and perused the record. In the case of M Siva Parvathi (supra), which was relied upon by Ld A.R, we notice that the agreement for sale was entered prior to introduction of sec.50C, but the actual conveyance took place after the introduction. It was also noticed that the consideration for transfer has also been received by the sellers at the time of entering into agreement. The Tribunal further noticed that the delay in registering the sale deed was due to genuine reasons and the same was beyond the control of the assessee. Hence it was held that the provisions of sec.50C should not be applied. In any case, the provisos below sec.50C also state that the stamp duty value as on the date of entering into the agreement may be adopted, if the assessee had received part consideration through banking channels on that date.

22.3 However, in the instant case, we notice that the assessee did not explain the reasons, which have caused the delay in registering the conveyance deed in the financial year 2005-06, even though the agreement to sale was entered in the financial year 2001-02. It is also not clear as to whether the assessee had received part consideration through banking channels at the time of entering into agreement for sale.

22.4 We have gone through the provisions of Chapter XX-C of the Act. This chapter was introduced in the Act in those years in order to make provisions for purchase of immovable property by the Central Government at the value of apparent consideration entered between the parties, if the appropriate authority is of the view that the apparent consideration is less than the market value. Hence the certificate was issued by the Appropriate authority in the form of “no objection certificate” for transferring the property, if he is satisfied that there was no understatement of sale consideration. Apparently, the appropriate authority would give no objection, only if he is satisfied that the apparent consideration is equal to or more than the market value. In the instant case, the no objection certificate was given by the appropriate authority in the financial year 2001-02 on the basis of market conditions prevailing in that year. We further notice that the scheme of pre-emptive purchase prescribed in Chapter XX-C has been discontinued with effect from 1st July, 2002 by Finance Act, 2002. After that, the provisions of sec.50C have been introduced w.e.f. 1.4.2003 by the very same Finance Act, 2002.

22.5 In the instant case, the actual registration of sale agreement has taken place on 12.09.2005. At that point of time, the provisions of sec.50C are very much applicable. The provisions of 50C are deeming provisions and hence they are required to be applied strictly. As noticed earlier, in the case of M. Sivaparvati (supra), the entire sale consideration was received in August, 2001 (prior to the introduction of sec.50C), but the actual registration was completed in October, 2004 (after introduction). It was further noticed that the delay in registration was on genuine reasons, which were beyond the control of the parties. Under these peculiar facts, the Tribunal held that the provisions of sec.50C should not be applied. On the contrary, in the instant case, no reason has been cited by the parties for the delay in completing the registration. It is also not clear as to whether the assessee has received any part of consideration in FY 2001-02, when the agreement was entered into as per the conditions prescribed in the proviso to sec.50C. If the assessee had received any part of consideration at the time of entering of agreement for sale, then the assessee would be covered by the provisos to sec.50C of the Act. Even in that case, what is required to be compared is the stamp duty value as on the date of entering agreement with the actual consideration. Hence, we are of the view that the no-objection certificate issued by the appropriate authority is not relevant for the purpose of sec.50C of the Act.

22.6 We notice all the relevant factual aspects, which are necessary for the purposes of sec.50C, have not been furnished by the assessee to the tax authorities. Hence, we are of the view that this issue requires fresh examination at the end of the AO. If the assessee is able to show that it has received part consideration on the date of the entering of agreement for sale in the manner provided in the proviso to sec.50C of the Act, then the assessee would get the benefit of the proviso. In that case, the stamp duty value as on the date of agreement should be compared with the actual consideration. On the contrary, if the assessee has not received any part of the sale consideration in the manner provided in the proviso, then the provisions of sec.50C would get attracted. The AO may examine this issue afresh in the light of discussions made supra. The assessee may furnish all the information and explanations to support its case before the AO. The order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue would stand modified accordingly.

25.1 This issue has been disposed of by us while adjudicating the appeals of the assessee, wherein we have directed the AO to allow depreciation as per the claim of the assessee. Accordingly, the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue was reversed. Hence the relief granted by Ld CIT(A) accepting alternative contention of the assessee shall become infructuous. The ground urged in cross objection is also identical with the ground urged in the appeals of the assessee, which has already been disposed of. Hence this ground does not require separate adjudication.

26.1 The issue relating to VRS compensation has been discussed in detail while dealing with the appeals of the assessee and this issue has been restored to the file of the AO with certain directions. In view of the above, the grounds urged by the revenue and the assessee in cross objection do not require separate adjudication.

28.1 The assessing officer made adjustment to the value of closing stock on account of freight charges in AY 2006-07 and 2007-08. The same was deleted by Ld CIT(A) with the direction to make similar adjustments to the opening stock also. Hence the revenue is in appeal before us.

28.2 However, in AY 2004-05, the Ld CIT(A) had confirmed the addition and hence the assessee was in appeal before the Tribunal. In the appeal of the assessee filed for AY 2004-05, we have deleted the similar addition made by the AO with the following observations:-

“5. The next issue urged by the assessee in Ground no.2 in AY 2004- 05 is relating to addition of Rs.60,29,327/- made by the AO by enhancing the value of closing stock as on 31.3.2004 by the amount of estimated secondary freight cost. The Ld CIT(A) upheld the same. 5.1 We notice that the AO had made identical addition in AY 2002-03 in the hands of the assessee. The co-ordinate bench, vide its order dated 20-03-2024 passed in has deleted this addition following the decision rendered in the assessee’s own case in AY 1997-98 (ITA No.5238/Mum/2003 dated 25.01.2017). The co-ordinate bench has held that the consistently followed method of valuation of stock, which has been accepted by the departmental authorities earlier, should not be disturbed, since a stray departure in one year tends to upset the calculations. Following the above said decision, we set aside the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue and direct the AO to delete this addition.” Following the decision rendered by us in AY 2004-05 in the appeal of the assessee in the earlier paragraphs, we hold that this addition is liable to deleted. Accordingly, we set aside the order passed by Ld CIT(A) on this issue in AY 2006-07 and 2007-08 and direct the AO to delete the addition in both the years under consideration.

29.1 While adjudicating the appeal of the assessee, we have upheld the decision rendered by Ld CIT(A) on this issue in deleting the similar addition made by the AO. Accordingly, the above said ground of revenue is liable to be rejected. In the CO, the assessee has raised an alternative contention, but it does not require adjudication, since the addition made by AO has been deleted.