C.I.T.-V, BOMBAY. vs. SMT.NARGIS MERCHANT, BOMBAY.

PDF · subscribers
ITR/231/1988HC Bombay27 June 2005Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE V.C. DAGA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.S. AGUIAR10 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Commissioner of Income Tax had applied a restrictive test not warranted by Section 2(14) of the Income Tax Act. It was observed that the argument that articles not used daily cannot be personal effects is incorrect; so long as they are meant for personal use, they should be considered personal effects. The court found the ITO's reliance on the assessee's social and financial status to be unwarranted. The affidavits submitted by the assessees, stating they were a large family (12 members) and used the utensils on ceremonial occasions, were accepted. The court noted that it was not uncommon for fairly well-off individuals in those days to purchase silver utensils for use, even if only on ceremonial occasions. The fact that the silver was in the form of utensils, not bars or ingots, indicated they were purchased for use, not as an investment. Therefore, the silver utensils were held to be personal effects of the assessee, not constituting capital assets, and the income from their sale was not liable to capital gains tax. The questions referred were answered in the affirmative and in favour of the assessee.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Smt. Nargis Merchant and Smt. K.S. Billawala, for Assessment Year 1976-77, disclosed the sale of silver utensils weighing approximately 150 kgs. These utensils were allegedly acquired before 1961 for Rs. 30,000 and sold for Rs. 1,65,476, resulting in a surplus of Rs. 1,35,476. The assessees claimed these items as personal effects. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) rejected this claim, deeming them capital assets and bringing the surplus to capital gains tax. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) confirmed the ITO's order. The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) referred the matter back for affidavits regarding the personal use claim. Based on affidavits stating the utensils were used on ceremonial occasions by a large family, the CIT(A) held them to be personal effects, deleting the capital gains tax. The Revenue appealed this decision.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances, the Tribunal was right in law in holding that the silver utensils weighing 150 kgs. constituted personal effects of the assessee and did not constitute capital assets as defined in section 2(14) of the Income-tax Act, 1961? 2. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances, the Tribunal was right in law in holding that profits received on the sale of silver utensils weighing 150 kgs. were not liable to capital gains tax under section 45 of the Income-tax Act, 1961? Assessee's Arguments: The assessees contended that the silver utensils were personal effects, used on ceremonial occasions by their large family. They relied on the Bombay High Court's decision in Jayantilal A. Shah vs. K. N. Anantharam Aiyar, CIT, which interpreted "personal effects" to include articles meant for personal or household use in the ordinary course, not necessarily for daily use, and cited CIT vs. Sitladevi N. Poddar and H. H. Maharani Usha Devi v. CIT. Revenue's Arguments: The Revenue argued that the large quantity of silver utensils would not constitute personal effects, especially as the assessees were not exceptionally rich. They contended that personal effects should be intimately and commonly used by the assessee, relying on the Supreme Court's decision in H. H. Maharaja Rana Hemant Singhji vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Rajasthan, which suggested personal effects are those worn or carried about the person, or for ornamental use on special occasions.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 2(14),Section 45,Section 256(1)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1   P IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY                ORDINARY  ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICGTION  INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO.   231 of  1988 The Commissioner of Income Tax Bombay City VIII  ...   Applicant.  vs. Smt. Nargis Merchant  c/o. Bilawala & Co., Hamam Street, Bombay 400 023.  ..... Respondent   With  INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO.   182 of  1988 The Commissioner of Income Tax Bombay City VIII  ...   Applicant.  vs. Smt. K. S. Billawala,  May Flower, Carmichal Road,  Bombay 400 023.  ..... Respondent   Mr. Ashok Kotangale, senior counsel,  i/b. K.C. Sidhwa, for Applicant  CNR No : HCBM020001191988 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 06:38:44  2   P Mr. P. J. Pardiwala for Respondent.      CORAM: V. C. DAGA  & A. S. AGUIAR JJ.   Date:  27th June, 2005.

ORAL JUDGMENT: (Per A. S. Aguiar J. )

1.

The substantial questions of law referred to under section 256(1) of the Income­tax Act for consideration of this court by the Tribunal at the instance of the Revenue are as follows: (1)   Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances   of the case, the Tribunal was right in law in holding that the silver utensils weighing 150 kgs.  constituted personal effects of   the   assessee   and   they   did   not   constitute capital assets  as defined in section 2(14) of the Income­tax Act , 1961? (2).   Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances   of the case, the Tribunal was right in law in holding that profits received on the sale of silver utensils weighing 150 kgs., Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P were not liable to capital gains tax under section 45  of the Income­tax Act , 1961?”

2.

The brief facts leading to the  order of the Income­tax Tribunal are as follows.     The assessee are individuals.  The Assessment Year is 1976­77. The relevant accounting year ended on 31.3.1976. The assessee   had   derived   income   from   speculation   business   in   the relevant accounting year.  Under the Voluntary Disclosure Scheme of 1975,   the   assessees   disclosed   in   December   1975   to   have   sold certain silver utensils weighing about 150 kgs., said to have been acquired before 1961, for Rs.1,65,476/­.   The said utensils were alleged to have been acquired   for Rs.30,000/­ . There was thus surplus of Rs.1,35,476/­ out of the sale of the silver items  consisting of 24 thalis, 48 watka, 24 spoons, 24 glasses, 1 fruit bowl, 6 small bowl, 1 ice­cream set (24 pieces) – approximately weighing 150.00 kgs..     The   assessees   claimed   that   these   items   of   silver   were personal effects.  The assessees' claim was rejected by the ITO as there was no evidence to indicate that these utensils were of daily use and hence   he   brought the surplus to capital gains tax. The assessees filed an appeal before the CIT, who  confirmed the order Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P of   the   Income   Tax   Officer.     In   appeal   before   the   Tribunal   the assessees undertook to  file  affidavits in respect of their claim that the silver utensils  were their personal effects.  In view thereof the Tribunal referred the matter back to the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and the assessee filed this affidavit, claiming     that they were members of a large family and used the utensils  on ceremonial occasions. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) on the basis of the averments made in the affidavit held that the silver utensils were the personal effects of the assessee and that they fall under the category of personal effects within the meaning of Section 2(14) of the Income Tax Act and accordingly held that they did not constitute capital assets and deleted the sum of Rs.1,34,476/­ from the total income of  the  assessee.

3.

In appeal,     Tribunal rejected the department's contention that since the utensils were used only on ceremonial occasions they were not the assessee's personal effects.  The Income Tax Tribunal affirmed   that the silver utensils in the assessees' possession  were their personal effects and therefore , not liable to capital gains and directed   deletion   of   capital   gains   tax   from   the   income   of   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P Rajasthan [1976] 103 ITR page 61, wherein the Supreme Court held that personal effects include only those articles which are intimately and commonly used by the assessee.  Relying on the observations of the  Supreme Court  the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) held that personal effects must have intimate connection with the assessee and  must   have   a  close   relation  to  the  'person'  of  the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P Income Tax, and ors., reported in [1985] 156 ITR P. 448 wherein this court referred to the observations of the Supreme Court   in the case of H. H. Maharaja Rana Hemant Singhji  (supra) , and pointed out that in that case the Supreme Court was required to consider old silver rupee coins, gold sovereigns and silver bars which were used by the assessee on religious festivals.   And the  Supreme Court observed   that   the   silver   bars     or   bullion   can,   by   no   stretch   of imagination, be deemed to be “effects” meant for personal use.  In the said case the Supreme Court held that the expression “intended for   personal   or   household   use”   meant   normally,   commonly   or ordinarily intended for personal or household use.   The High Court observed that it would not be correct to say that the Supreme Court has considered only those items as personal effects which have Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P been intimately connected with the person of the assessee.     The High Court further observed that the very fact that furniture is also included in personal effects would show that the articles need not have an intimate connection with the person of the assessee.   All that is required is that the article should be meant for personal use of the assessee in the ordinary course.   In the said decision of this Court in  Jayantilal A. Shah, reference is made to the case of CIT vs. Sitladevi N. Poddar [1984] 148 ITR 506, where the Division Bench of this court was required to consider a similar question in somewhat a similar context.  In that case the  assessee had sold certain silver utensils and the court held that such utensils were personal effects because   they were ordinarily intended for personal or household use.  Reference is also made to the case of H. H. Maharani Usha Devi v. CIT  [1982] 133 ITR 43 (MP),   wherein the jewellery which was meant for use by the assessee on ceremonial occasions  was considered as “personal effects” of the assessee.

6.

As   held   by   this   court   in   the   case   of    Jayantilal   A.   Shah  ,   the Commissioner   of   Income   Tax     has   applied   a  restrictive   test   not warranted by section 2 (14) of the Income Tax Act.  He has held that Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P because these articles were not normally in daily use, they could not be considered as personal effects.  This court further observed that this appears to be an incorrect test because all personal effects need not be used daily.  So long as they are meant for personal use, they wil have to be considered as personal effects.     The court also observed that the decision of the Commissioner   was based on a misreading of the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of  H. H. Maharaja Rana Hemant Singhji  (supra).

7.

The   observation   of   the   Income   Tax   Officer   in   the   present   case regarding the assessee's social and financial status is merely his opinion  unwarranted in the facts of the case and the legal position as to the meaning of “personal effects” given in several decisions of this court.    The ITO had rejected the assessee's contention that the silver items which were all utensils, were the personal effects of the assessee as they were not of such  financial or social status that they could be expected to use them even on ceremonial occasions.   We are afraid we cannot accept the ITO's argument.  His conclusions are without any factual basis.   On the other hand the assessees have filed   affidavits   that   they   were   members   of   a   large   family   (12   in Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P number)   and   that   they   used   their   silver   utensils   on   ceremonial occasions.   The CIT Appeal has also accepted the claim of the assessees as stated in their  affidavits.   There was no reason for the ITO  or the Tribunal  to have come to a different conclusion.  The fact that the assessees had purchased such a large quantity   of silver utensils   would   indicate   that   they   were   persons   of   some   means, though not belonging   to a very rich or royal family.   It   was not uncommon  for   persons   who   were   fairly   well­of  in   those   days   to purchase silver utensils for use albiet on  ceremonial occasions only. The fact that the silver  possessed by the assessees was in the form of silver utensils, and not silver bars or ingots, itself proves that the silver utensils were purchased for use by the assessees and not purchased as and by way of   investment, as alleged by the ITO. The silver utensils must accordingly   be   held to be the personal effects of the assessee  not constituting  capital assets.  The income on sale of the said silver utensils is therefore   not liable to capital gains tax.

8.

The questions referred for opinion of this court are answered in the affirmative and in favour of the assessee. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P

(V. C. DAGA J. )

(A. S. AGUIAR J.)

­x­ Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

More judgments on Section 2(14)

All 1,130 judgments and leading authorities on Section 2(14) →

Recent GST High Court judgments

Search GST case law →