C.I.T. BOMBAY. vs. SHRI B.H.DUBASH C/O.DUBASH FRERES and CO.
What did the High Court hold?
The High Court held that the Tribunal was correct in its finding. The court accepted the assessee's contention that the creation of the trust was pursuant to a legal obligation imposed by the divorce decree. This legal obligation to provide for the maintenance and education of the minor daughter, irrespective of the divorce proceedings, constituted adequate consideration for the transfer of assets to the trust. The court noted that the divorce decree specifically directed the creation of the trust and the settlement of the sum of Rs. 5,50,000. Therefore, the trust was not merely a settlement of matrimonial disputes but a fulfillment of a pre-existing legal duty. Consequently, the provisions of Section 64(1)(vii) were not attracted, and the income from the trust was not includible in the assessee's total income. The question of law was answered in the affirmative, in favour of the assessee.
What were the facts?
The assessee, Shri Behram B. Dubash, was directed by a divorce decree dated June 16, 1975, to create a trust of Rs. 5,50,000 for the benefit of his minor daughter, Farida, and her maintenance. The decree was passed under the Parsi Marriage & Divorce Act, 1936, following a divorce suit filed by his wife. The Income Tax Officer included the income from this trust in the assessee's total income under Section 64(1)(vii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, on the grounds that the trust was created without adequate consideration. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) upheld this order. The assessee appealed to the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, which reversed the lower authorities' findings, holding that the trust was created for adequate consideration.
What were the issues?
1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was correct in law in holding that the trust created by the assessee for the benefit of his minor daughter, in obedience to a decree of divorce, was for adequate consideration and therefore did not fall within the scope of Section 64(1)(vii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961? Assessee's contention: The assessee argued that the trust was created under a legal obligation mandated by a court decree for the maintenance and education of his minor daughter. This legal obligation constituted adequate consideration for the transfer of assets to the trust, thus excluding it from the purview of Section 64(1)(vii). Revenue's contention: The Revenue contended that the trust was created without adequate consideration, as the consideration was the wife agreeing to grant a divorce, not a direct consideration between the settlor and the trustees for the transfer of assets. Therefore, the income from the trust should be included in the assessee's total income under Section 64(1)(vii).
Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?
64(1)(vii)
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ORAL JUDGMENT: (Per A. S. Aguiar J. )
The following common question of law is referred to under section 256(1) of the Incometax Act for consideration of this court by the CNR No : HCBM020001501988 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Tribunal in ITA Nos. 3126/Bom/1983 and 446/Bom/1984 dated 17th September 1985, pertaining to Assessment Years 197879 and 197980, at the instance of the assessee. (1) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was correct in law in holding that the trust created by the assessee for the benefit of his minor daughter in obedience to the terms of decree of divorce passed against him under the provisions of Parsis Marriage & Divorce Act, 1936, in a suit brought against him by his wife, was for adequate consideration and,
therefore , would not fall within the scope of sec. 64(1) (vii) of the Income Tax Act , 1961?”
The factual matrix giving rise to the question referred is as follows: The assessee Behram B. Dubhash was married to one Mehroo according to Zorastrian rites on 12.5.1966. Both were parsis. Out of the wedlock a female child, by name Farida, was born on 30.11.1970. A suit came to be filed by Mehroo for restitution of conjugal rights being suit no.36 of 1974, before the Parsi Chief Matrimonial Court at Bombay. Pending the said suit she filed another suit for divorce being suit no.13 of 1974 and a decree dissolving the marriage was passed on the ground of desertion. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Under the terms of the decree dated 16th June 1975, the assessee was directed to provide permanent alimony and the custody of the child to his wife as well as for their maintenance. Under the said decree the assessee was required to create a trust in a sum of Rs.5,50,000/ by appointing the Central Bank Executor & Trustee Co. Ltd., as Trustees. The custody of the female child, Farida, was to be with the mother. The trustees had to pay the net income of the trust fund to Mehroo till the child attained eighteen years of age on 30.11.1968. Thereafter the income was to be directly paid to Farida till she completed thirty years of age. On her completing the age of thirty years, the trustees were to deliver the entire trust fund to the said Farida. During the minority of Farida, Mahroo had to spend 5/11th of the income received by her from the trustees for the education of the said child and the balance for her benefit and maintenance in such manner as the mother deemed fit and she was not accountable to anybody in that behalf. For the accounting year 197879, Mahroo received a sum of Rs.36,230/ from the trustees as per the directions of the settler (the assessee). In the next year she received a similar amount viz. Rs.33,950/. As per the terms of the settlement Mahroo was required to spend the said amount on the child. The Income Tax Officer brought these amounts to charge by Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 including them in the net income of the assessee under section 64(1) (vii). The assessee appealed, and the Commissioner of Income Tax (A) sustained the order. Aggrieved by the findings of the aforesaid authorities the assessee filed ITA Nos. 3126/Bom/1983 and 446/Bom/1984. The Tribunal passed a detailed order, after hearing the parties at length, holding that the trust created by the assessee did not fall within the scope of section 64(1)(vii) and reversed the concurrent findings. The Tribunal held that the trust was for adequate consideration inasmuch as it was to discharge a pre existing liability on his part.
Section 64(1)(vii) of the Income Tax Act, reads as follows: “64.(1) In computing the total income of any individual, there shall be included in such income as arises directly or indirectly (i) ... ... ... (ii) ... ... (iii) ... ... ... (iv) ... ... (v) ... ... (vi) ... .. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 (vii)to any person or association of persons from assets transferred directly or indirectly otherwise than for adequate consideration to the person or association of persons by such individual, to the extent to which the income from such assets is for the immediate or deferred benefit of his or her spouse or minor child (not being a married daughter) or both.”
The Income Tax Officer by order dated 26th September 1981 held that the income was liable to tax as it fell within the ambit of section 64(1)(vii) on the ground that the assessee had settled an amount of Rs.5,50,000/ in trust for the maintenance of his minor daughter without any consideration. The Commissioner of Income Tax in his order dated 19th April 1983 upheld the finding of the Income Tax Officer. The concurrent finding of the two authorities below has been set aside by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, holding that section section 64(1)(vii) was not attracted and the assessee was therefore not liable to pay tax in respect of the amounts provided for the maintenance of the minor child Farida.
The Tribunal accepted the contention of the learned counsel Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 appearing for the assessee that the assessee was under a decree, compelled to create a trust for the benefit of the minor child ensuring her proper maintenance and education and that there was a legal obligation on the assessee – father to maintain the minor daughter, irrespective of the suit filed by the mother of the minor child for divorce. No doubt the decree was passed pursuant to the agreement between the assessee and his estranged wife with a condition to make provision for the minor child, but that did not mean that the assessee was under no obligation to make provision for the minor child. The only question was the manner of making such provision for the minor child. The conscious choice by the assessee to create a trust to provide for the maintenance of the minor child, from the income of the Trust was one of the safest and most acceptable modes for providing for the minor child's maintenance. The same was found acceptable by the court which therefore passed the decree incorporating directions in the decree that the assessee make provision for the minor child by creating a trust and giving specific directions for the creation of the trust. The decree for divorce dated 16.6.1975 upon which the Tribunal had relied, contains an order and direction to the assessee to deposit within one week from the date of the decree the sum of Rs.5,50,000/ Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 with the bank and to appoint Central Bank Executor & Trustee Co. Ltd., as the Trustees and make a declaration of the said trust in respect of the said amount. It may be noted that the Income Tax Officer is of the opinion that the Trust has been created by the assessee in consideration of the wife Mehroo agreeing to grant divorce to the assessee and not per se for the benefit of the minor child Farida. The consideration is divorce between the assessee and his wife. There is no consideration between the settler and the trustees. The ITO has therefore arrived at the conclusion that the trust was created by the assessee in order to avoid payment of tax. It is the contention of the Income Tax Officer that the provisions of section 64 enjoin that there must be consideration for the transfer of assets between the settlor and the association of persons i.e., the trustees to whom the asset (corpus fund) has been transferred. Since in this case consideration has passed between the settlor and the trust and the question of excluding the income from the purview of section 64 (i) (vii) does not arise.
From the order of the Income Tax Officer it is not clear whether he had perused the document creating the trust in favour of the minor child or the decree of the High Court dated 16.6.1975 in the divorce Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 petition, which specifically directs the settlement of a sum of Rs.5,50,000/ to be invested with Central Bank Executor & Trustee Co. Ltd., as the Trustees, for providing maintenance for the minor child Farida. On the other hand the order of the Tribunal clearly indicates that the Tribunal has perused the Trust Deed and the Decree of Divorce and came to the conclusion that there was consideration for creation of the Trust in favour of Farida in view of the clear obligation on the part of the assessee to maintain the minor child and that it was not the settlement of the matrimonial dispute between the assessee and his wife that prompted the assessee to create the trust in favour of his minor daughter Farida. The trust was created pursuant to a legal obligation on the part of the assessee and this by itself was sufficient consideration for creation of the trust by way of settling a sum of Rs.5,50,000/ , as corpus, the income from which is to be applied for the maintenance of the minor daughter Farida. We accept the finding of the Tribunal and answer the question of law, referred to, in the affirmative, that is, in favour of the assessee.
(V. C. DAGA J. ) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 (A. S. AGUIAR J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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