SITALDAS K. MOTWANI vs. DIRECTOR GENERAL OF INCOME TAX AND 3 ORS.

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WP/1749/2009HC Bombay15 December 2009Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE V.C. DAGA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR8 pages
AI SummaryRemanded

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Director General of Income Tax (International Taxation) did not consider the prayer for condonation of delay in its proper perspective. The Court emphasized that the term 'genuine hardship' should be construed liberally, and authorities should consider factors beyond just whether the assessee was prevented by a substantial cause from filing within the due time. The Court referred to the Apex Court's explanation of 'genuine' and cited Gujarat High Court and Madras High Court judgments to support a justice-oriented approach. It clarified that assessing the correctness and genuineness of a refund claim for condonation purposes does not require a deep examination of merits but rather a prima facie assessment that the claim is not bound to fail. The Court found that the Director General's rejection was arbitrary and set aside the impugned order, remitting the matter back for fresh consideration on the questions of hardship and the correctness/genuineness of the refund claim, in light of the observations made.

What were the facts?

The assessee, a Non-Resident Indian (NRI) residing in Hong Kong, invested in Indian company shares during the accounting year relevant to Assessment Year (AY) 2000-01, earning Short Term Capital Gains of Rs. 2,09,05,250. Tax was deducted at source at 30%. The assessee filed his return for AY 2000-01 for the first time on September 24, 2003, claiming the gains qualified as investment income under Section 115C, taxable at 20%, and sought a refund of Rs. 20,78,871. The return was filed 18 months after the due date, which was March 31, 2002. An application under Section 119(2)(b) was filed for condonation of delay. The Director General of Income Tax (International Taxation) rejected this application via an order dated February 24, 2009.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Director General of Income Tax (International Taxation) erred in rejecting the assessee's application for condonation of delay in filing the return of income for AY 2000-01 under Section 119(2)(b) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, by misinterpreting the scope of 'genuine hardship' and the correctness of the refund claim? Assessee's Contentions: - The assessee was under a bonafide belief that no return was required as tax was deducted at source. - The delay was due to a lack of awareness of Indian tax laws requiring a return even with TDS. - The delay was not deliberate and refusing condonation would cause genuine hardship, depriving the assessee of a legitimate refund claim. - The income was derived from specified assets (shares in Indian companies) acquired from convertible foreign exchange through an NRE account, and the assessee was an NRI as per Section 115C(e). - Relied on: Trishala Devi Jain Vs. DCIT, CIT Vs. Sangya Jain. Revenue's Contentions: - The revenue supported the impugned order and prayed for dismissal of the petition.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 119(2)(b),Section 115C

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 bgp IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION  WRIT PETITION NO.1749 OF 2009 Sitaldas K.Motwani  Age­77 yrs., Occu : Business, C/o.D.M.Harish & Co.,  Advocates, 305­309, Neelkanth,  98, Marine Drive,  Mumbai – 400 002. ..Petitioner  Versus 1. Director General of Income Tax      (International Taxation),     Drum Shaped Buildings,      New Delhi­110002. 2. Joint Director of Income Tax      (International Taxation),     Range (3), Mumbai. 3. Commissioner of Income Tax (Judicial)     Aayakar Bhawan, Churchgate,     Mumbai.  4. Union of India          Aayakar Bhawan, Churchgate,     Mumbai.  ..Respondents Mrs.Shobha   Jagtiani   with   Ms.Beena   Pillai   i/b.   D.M.Harish   and   Co.   for  petitioner. Mr.Suresh Kumar for respondent. CNR No : HCBM020180192009 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:13:38 2                             CORAM :­     V.C.DAGA &                                               J.P.DEVADHAR,JJ.                        DATE  :    15TH DECEMBER,2009

JUDGMENT (PER : V.C.DAGA,J.)

1.

This petition is directed against the impugned order dated 24th February, 2009 passed by the Director General of Income Tax (International Taxation,   New   Delhi   (“respondent   No.1”   for   short)   u/s.119(2)(b)   of   the Income Tax Act,1961 (“the Act” for short), whereby and whereunder, the prayer for condonation of delay in filing the return for claiming refund for the A.Y.2000­01 was rejected. FACTUAL MATRIX

2.

The undisputed factual matrix drawn from the impugned order are,   that   the   Assessee,   a   Non­resident   Indian   settled   in   Hong   Kong,   is assessable to tax by the Joint Director of Income Tax (International Taxation), Range­3, Mumbai, falling under the juri iction of the D.I.T. (International Taxation), Mumbai.  During the accounting year relevant to the A.Y.2000­01, he invested in the shares of Indian Companies and earned Short Term Capital Gains of Rs.2,09,05,250/­.  The concerned bank with whom the assessee was maintaining his regular account, deducted the tax at source @ 30%.

3.

The assessee filed his return of income for the first time for A.Y. 2000­01 claiming that the Short Term Capital Gains on sale of shares of Indian Companies qualify to be investment income u/s.115C of the Act, taxable at a flat rate of 20% and claimed a refund of Rs.20,78,871/­.  Needless to mention that prior to filing this return on 24th September, 2003, the assessee did not file any return for any assessment year.  The return of income for A.Y.2000­01 had become barred by limitation on 31st March, 2002 and therefore, the return was filed on 24th  September, 2003 along with an application u/s.119(2)(b) for condonation of delay in filing of return and claiming refund. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

4.

Respondent   No.1,   offered   an   opportunity   of   being   heard   to   the petitioner   through   his   Advocate   followed   by   liberty   to   circulate   written submissions in support of the prayer for condonation of delay.  In the written submissions filed on behalf of the assessee following grounds were pressed into service to seek condonation of delay in filing return of income: (i) The assessee was not assessed to tax upto the A.Y.1999­2000 and for the relevant year after deduction of tax at source he was under bonafide belief that the return of income was not required to be filed. After   realizing   his   mistake   the   assessee   filed   the   return   voluntarily claiming refund of Rs.20,78,821/­ on 24th September, 2003 prior to the issue of any notices u/s.142/148 of the Act. ii) The assessee has not filed the return for the sole purpose of claiming refund but under compelling legal obligation under the Income Tax Act,1961. iii) If   the   return   was   not   filed   the   assessee   might   have   been penalized or prosecuted for concealment of income.  Also, if the delay is not condoned the assessee will be deprived of his legitimate claim of refund.  This can be considered has “genuine hardship” to the assessee for the purpose of application u/s.119(2)(b). iv) Further in support of his claim for refund the assessee submitted that: (a) Income of Rs.20,93,84,490/­ is derived from shares in Indian companies which are specified assets u/s.115C(f) of the Act. (b) The said shares are foreign exchange assets acquired or purchased   from   convertible   foreign   exchange   through   NRE Account; (c) that the judgment of the Punjab & Haryana High Court in the case of CIT Vs. Sangya Jain 232 ITR 666. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 IMPUGNED ORDER

6.

The   respondent   No.1   was   pleased   to   reject   the   prayer   for condonation   of   delay   in   filing   return   of   income   relying   on   the   CBDT Instruction No.13/2006 dated 22nd December, 2006, extensively quoted in the impugned order.

7.

The Board Circular prescribes that at the time of considering the case u/s.119(2)(b) of the Act, it is necessary for the authorities to consider that the income declared and refund claimed are correct and genuine and that the case is of genuine hardship on merits and correctness of the refund claim. The respondent No.1, while considering the genuine hardship observed as under: In fact what is to be seen is as to whether there exist circumstances which genuinely prevented the assessee from filing his return of income within the time laid­down by the statute.  Nothing has been brought on record   to   suggest   that   the   assessee   was   prevented   by  some   set   of circumstances

which prevented him from filing his return within time.

The reasons of genuine hardship as put forward by the assessee have no bearing on assessee’s failure to file the return within the due date, and in fact are only consequences of his failure to do so.

8.

The   respondent   No.1,   with   regard   to   the   correctness   of   the refund claim is concerned, observed that the income generated from the sale of assets cannot be said to be an income derived from assets.  In this view of the matter,   the   prayer   for   condonation   of   delay   came   to   be   rejected   by   the impugned order.

9.

Being   aggrieved   by   the   aforesaid   order,   the   petitioner   has invoked the extra ordinary writ juri iction of this Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. RIVAL SUBMISSIONS:

10.

Mrs.Shobha Jagtiani, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner urged that the petitioner was under bonafide belief that since the tax has been deducted by the bank,  he was not required to file income tax return in India,  as such the petitioner has failed to file return in time.  When the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 return was filed, it was delayed by 18 months, therefore, the petitioner was required to move an application dated 25th  February, 2004 u/s.119(2)(b) to (2008) 10 SCC 617, has explained the term “genuine” in following words:

16.

The term “genuine” as per the New Collins concise English Dictionary is  defined as under: “ ‘Genuine’ means not fake or counterfeit, real, not pretending (not bogus or merely a ruse)”.

18.

The ingredients of genuine hardship must be determined keeping in   view   the   dictionary   meaning   thereof   and   the   legal   conspectus Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 attending thereto.  For the said purpose, another well­known principle, namely, a person cannot take advantage of his own wrong, may also have to be borne in mind.” The Gujarat High Court in the case of Gujarat Electric Co. Ltd. Vs. CIT 255 ITR 396, was pleased to hold as under: “The Board was not justified in rejecting the claim for refund on the ground that a case of genuine hardship was not made out by the petitioner   and   delay   in   claiming   the   relief   was   not   satisfactorily explained, more particularly when the returns could not be filed in time due to the ill health of the officer was looking after the taxation matters of the petitioner.” (1999) 237 ITR 185 (Madras), was pleased to observe as under: “This is hardly the manner in which the State is expected to deal with the citizens, who in their anxiety to comply with all the requirements of the Act pay monies as advance tax to the State, even though the monies were not actually required to be paid by them and thereafter seek refund of the monies so paid by mistake after the proceedings under the Act are dropped by the authorities concerned.  The State is not entitled to plead the hypertechnical plea of limitation in such a situation to avoid return of the amounts.  Section 119 of the Act vests ample power in the Board   to   render   justice   in  such   a   situation.     The   Board   has  acted arbitrarily in rejecting the petitioner’s request for refund.”

15.

The phrase “genuine hardship” used in Section 119(2)(b) should have been construed liberally even when the petitioner has complied with all the   conditions   mentioned   in   Circular   dated   12th  October,   1993. The Legislature has conferred the power to condone delay to enable the authorities to do substantive justice to the parties by disposing of the matters on merit. The expression “genuine” has received a liberal meaning in view of the law laid down by the Apex Court referred to hereinabove and while considering this aspect, the authorities are expected to bare in mind that ordinarily the applicant, applying for condonation of delay does not stand to benefit by lodging its claim late.  Refusing to condone delay can result in a meritorious matter being thrown out at the very threshold and cause of justice being Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 defeated.  As against this, when delay is condoned the highest that can happen is that a cause would be decided on merits after hearing the parties.  When substantial justice and technical considerations are pitted against each other, cause of substantial justice deserves to be preferred for the other side cannot claim to have vested right in injustice being done because of a non­deliberate delay.   There is no presumption that delay is occasioned deliberately, or on account of culpable negligence, or on account of malafides.  A litigant does not stand to benefit by resorting to delay.   In fact he runs a serious risk.   The approach of the authorities should be justice oriented so as to advance cause of justice.  If refund is legitimately due to the applicant, mere delay should not defeat the claim for refund.

16.

Whether the refund claim is correct and genuine, the authority must satisfy itself that the applicant has a prima facie correct and genuine claim, does not mean that the authority should examine the merits of the refund claim closely and come to a conclusion that the applicant’s claim is bound to succeed.  This would amount to prejudging the case on merits.  All that the authority has to see is that on the face of it the person applying for refund after condonation of delay has a case which needs consideration and which is not bound to fail by virtue of some apparent defect.  At this stage, the authority   is   not   expected   to   go   deep   into   the   niceties   of   law.     While determining   whether   refund   claim   is   correct   and   genuine,   the   relevant consideration is whether on the evidence led, it was possible to arrive at the

conclusion in question and not whether that was the only conclusion which could be arrived at on that evidence.

17.

Having said so, turning to the facts of the matter giving rise to the present petition, we are satisfied that respondent No.1 did not consider the prayer for condonation of delay in its proper perspective.  As such, it needs consideration afresh. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

18.

In the result, we   set aside the impugned order and remit the matter back to the respondent No.1 for consideration afresh, with the direction to   decide   the   question   of   hardship   as   well   as   that   of   correctness   and genuineness   of   the   refund   claim     in   the   light   of   the   observations   made hereinabove.  All other rival contentions on merits are kept open.  Rule is made absolute in terms of this order with no order as to costs. (J.P.DEVADHAR,J.) (V.C.DAGA,J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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