THE PRUDENTIAL ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED vs. THE DIRECTOR OF INCOME-TAX (INTERNATIONAL TAXATION) MUMBAI AND ANR.

PDF · subscribers
WP/866/2010HC Bombay29 April 2010Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR14 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the invocation of jurisdiction under Section 263 by the Director of Income-tax (International Taxation) was improper on two grounds. Firstly, the Director erred in applying the AAR ruling in Fidelity Northstar Fund to the petitioner's case. Section 245S clearly states that an AAR ruling binds only the applicant and the revenue in relation to the specific transaction for which the ruling was sought. The subsequent ruling could not displace the binding effect of the earlier ruling obtained by the petitioner, especially since the nature of the transactions was the same. Secondly, the Court found that the Assessing Officer had followed a binding ruling of the AAR in the petitioner's own case. An assessment order that gives effect to a binding precedent cannot be considered erroneous or prejudicial to the interests of the revenue. Therefore, the Commissioner could not exercise revisional jurisdiction under Section 263. The Court made the rule absolute, quashing the notice dated March 18, 2010, and left it open for the revenue to pursue remedies regarding the AAR ruling if advised.

What were the facts?

The Prudential Assurance Company Ltd., a UK-based insurance company registered as a sub-account of a Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) in India, is the petitioner. The dispute pertains to assessment years 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. An Advance Ruling Authority (AAR) ruling dated April 30, 2001, held that the petitioner's purchase and sale of shares in India constituted business profits, not capital gains, and were not taxable in India due to the absence of a permanent establishment. Assessments for these years were initially made under Section 143(3). Subsequently, the Director of Income-tax (International Taxation) issued a notice under Section 263 on March 18, 2010, proposing to set aside these assessments as erroneous and prejudicial to the revenue, citing a later AAR ruling in the case of Fidelity Northstar Fund.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Director of Income-tax (International Taxation) had the jurisdiction to invoke Section 263 to revise the assessment orders for assessment years 2004-2005 and 2005-2006, based on a subsequent AAR ruling in Fidelity Northstar Fund, when a prior AAR ruling in the petitioner's own case had determined the income from share transactions as business profits not taxable in India? Assessee's arguments: The assessee contended that the Director's invocation of Section 263 was improper. They argued that Section 245S mandates that an AAR ruling binds the applicant and subordinate income-tax authorities for the specific transaction for which it was sought. Therefore, the earlier ruling in their favor should prevail over the later ruling cited by the Director. Furthermore, they argued that an Assessing Officer following a binding precedent, like the AAR ruling in their case, cannot be considered to have made an erroneous assessment or one prejudicial to the revenue, citing the Calcutta High Court's decision in Russell Properties Private Limited v. A. Choudhury and subsequent judgments. Revenue's arguments: The revenue, through the Director of Income-tax (International Taxation), relied on the subsequent AAR ruling in Fidelity Northstar Fund, which held that profits from purchase and sale of equities constitute capital gains and are taxable, and that FIIs are not permitted to trade in equities. The revenue believed this later ruling clarified the position and was applicable to the petitioner's case, making the earlier assessments erroneous and prejudicial.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 245S,Section 263,Section 143(3),Section 147,Section 148

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO.866 OF 2010 The Prudential Assurance Company Ltd., a company incorporated in the United Kingdom and having its correspondence address in India at C/o.Prince water house Coopers (P) Ltd., Plot No.18/A, Guru Nanak Road, Bandra (W), Mumbai – 50 ..Petitioner. Versus 1. The Director of Income­tax (International Taxation), 1st Floor, Room No.107, Scindia House, N.M. Road, Ballard Estate, Mumbai – 400 038 2. The Union of India, through the Secretary, Ministry of Finance, North Block, New Delhi – 110 001 ..Respondents. CNR No : HCBM020078382010 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:06:05 2 Mr.Percy J. Pardiwala, senior Advocate with Mr.R. Murlidharan and Mr.P.C.  Tripathi i/by Mr.Atul K. Jasani for the petitioner. Mr.Suresh Kumar for the respondents. CORAM : Dr.D.Y. Chandrachud &       J.P. Devadhar, JJ.    DATE     : 29  April 2010.

ORAL JUDGMENT (Per Dr.D.Y. Chandrachud, J.)

1.

Rule.   With the consent of the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner and the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue, the petition is taken up for hearing and final disposal.  Counsel for the respondents waives service.

2.

The petitioner is a company incorporated in the United Kingdom and is engaged in the business of insurance.  The petitioner is registered as a sub­account of a Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) with the Securities and Exchange Board of India.  The dispute in this case relates to assessment years 2004­2005 and 2005­2006. On 30 April 2001, the Authority for Advance Rulings (AAR) constituted under Section 245 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 held  that   the   purchase  and   sale  of  shares  by   the  petitioner  was   in  the ordinary course of its business and the income which resulted from this, constitutes business profits and not capital gains.  One of the issues which the ARR addressed was whether the gains arising from realization of portfolio Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 investments in India would be treated as part of business profits and would

hence   be   covered   by   the   provisions   of   Article   7   of   the   Agreement   of Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital Gains entered into between the Governments of India and of the United Kingdom.   On this question the AAR held that gains arising from the realization of portfolio investments in India would be treated as part of the company’s business profits.  The AAR also came to the

conclusion   that   the   amounts   receivable   by   the   petitioner   from   share transactions in India would not be taxable in India because the petitioner did not have a permanent establishment in the country.   The AAR ruled that investments   in   shares   were   carried   out   by   the   petitioner   from   moneys collected from policy holders for the purpose of generating profits so that it can fulfil its commitments.  This not being a case of capital gains, the AAR held that the provisions of Article 7 would apply and profits earned from the sale of shares in India would not be liable to tax in India as business income.

3.

From assessment year 1999­2000 until 2005­2006, assessments were made under Section 143(3) by Assessing Officers.  For assessment year 2004­2005, the petitioner filed a return of income, disclosing an income of Rs.8,91,280/­ by way of income from other sources.  The profits on the sale of shares were claimed not to be chargeable to tax.  On 22 March 2007, the Assessing Officer issued a notice under Section 148 proposing to reopen the assessment.  The ground on which the assessment was sought to be reopened Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 was that the contention of the assessee, “that the income arising to it is in the nature of business income is contrary to the judicial decisions in similar cases and that it had been held that the income arising on the share transactions would have to be treated as in the nature of capital gains”. During   the   course   of   the   proceedings   before   the   Assessing Officer, details were sought from the petitioner and an enquiry was held.  The petitioner was inter alia called upon to explain by a letter dated 22 October 2007 as to why the activity of the sale and purchase of shares should be regarded   as   trading   activity   and   not   as   an   investment.     The   petitioner responded   by   a   reply   dated   7   November   2007   and   submitted   a   note containing   its   comments   on   the   position   of   law   as   to   whether   income generated   in   India   constituted   capital   gains   or   business   income.     The petitioner also relied upon the ruling of the AAR in the case of  Fidelity Advisors Series VIII

1 .  After considering the explanation of the petitioner, the Assessing Officer passed an order of assessment under Section 147 read with Section 143(3) for assessment year 2004­2005. The returned income of the petitioner was accepted in view of the ruling of the AAR in the case of the petitioner.

4.

During the course of assessment year 2005­2006, the Assessing Officer, as part of the inquiry, called upon the petitioner by a letter dated 25 271 ITR 1 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 July 2007 to submit comments on the position of law as to whether the income of FII’s in India would be capital gains or business income with reference  to   the  latest   judicial  decisions.     In   response  to   the   letter,   the petitioner in a communication dated 8 August 2007 stated that as part of its insurance business it engaged in the business of buying and selling securities. A copy of the order passed by the AAR was annexed to the letter together with an explanatory note on the question as to whether income generated by FII’s in India would constitute capital gains or business income on the basis of recent judicial pronouncements.  The Assessing Officer, during the course of the assessment proceedings, called upon the petitioner by a letter dated 31 October 2007 to make further disclosures and to explain as to why the petitioner should not be considered as having a permanent establishment in India and to state as to why the activity involving the sale and purchase of shares should be regarded as trading activity and not as investment.   The petitioner responded on 16 November 2007. An order of re­assessment under Section 143(3) for the assessment year 2005­2006 was passed on 28 December 2007. 5. The dispute before the Court in these proceedings arises out of a notice issued by the Director of Income Tax (International Taxation) on 18 March   2010,   calling   upon   the   petitioner   to   show   cause   as   to   why   the assessments for assessment years 2004­2005 and 2005­2006 should not be set aside under Section 263 on the ground that they are erroneous and Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue.  The basis on which the Director of   Income   Tax   (International   Taxation)   has   formed   an   opinion   that   the assessment orders were liable to be revised under Section 263 is that the AAR, in its ruling in the case of Fidelity Northstar Fund held that the profits derived on account of purchase and sale of equities would constitute capital gains and would be chargeable to tax accordingly.  At this stage, it would be relevant to extract from the notice issued under Section 263, which reads thus:

“2. It is seen from the assessment orders that the profit on account of purchase / sale of equities was held as “business income” by the Assessing Officer as per the AAR’s Ruling in your case in AAR No.445/98. The AAR in its recent Ruling in the case of Fidility Northstar Fund in AAR No.678/2006 has held that the profits derived on account of purchase and sale of equities is “capital gains” and chargeable to tax accordingly.  It has also been observed by the AAR that FIIs are not permitted to trade in equities.  In view of this, the subsequent ruling of the AAR   which   clarifies   the   position   on   the   subject   as   to   the taxability of and nature of income is applicable to the facts of your   case.     Accordingly   the   provisions   of   Sec.   245S(2)   are clearly applicable to your case for A.Ys. 2004­05 and 2005­06 and the profits derived on account of purchase / sale of shares is chargeable to tax as “capital gains”.

6.

In assailing the invocation of the juri iction under Section 263, counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee relied upon the provisions of Section 245S, under which a Ruling rendered by the AAR is binding on the Applicant who has sought it; in respect of the transaction in relation to which the   ruling   had   been   sought;   and   on   the   Commissioner,   and   income­tax authorities  subordinate  to him, in  respect of the  applicant  and  the  said Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 transaction.  Counsel urged that under sub­section (2) of Section 245S, an advance ruling shall be binding unless there is a change in law or facts on the basis of which the advance ruling has been pronounced.  The submission that was urged before the Court was that the Assessing Officer had followed the binding ruling of the AAR in the assessee’s own case.  The Commissioner, it was urged, would not be justified in seeking recourse to the juri iction under Section 263, where the Assessing Officer has followed a binding ruling issued under Section 245S.  It has also been urged that the ruling in the case of  Fidelity Northstar Fund  could not constitute a change in law for the purposes of Section 245S(2).

7.

On the other hand, it has been urged on behalf of the Revenue that : (i) At this stage, only a notice has been issued to the petitioner under Section 263 and there is no reason for this Court to exercise its extra ordinary juri iction under Article 226 of the Constitution; and (ii) The Central Board of Direct Taxes had in a Circular dated 15 July 2007 directed the Assessing Officers to evaluate whether, in a given case, shares are held by the assessee as investment (and therefore giving rise to capital gains) or as stock­in­trade (and   therefore   giving   rise   to   business   profits)   having   regard   to   the pronouncement of the AAR in the subsequent case.  The Assessing Officer not having done so, it was urged that the Commissioner was justified in seeking recourse to his revisional juri iction under Section 263. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

8.

Chapter XIX­B of the Income Tax Act, 1961 was introduced with effect from 1 June 1993 by the Finance Act of 1993. The chapter makes a provision for advance rulings and constitutes an authority, presided over by a retired Judge of the Supreme Court.   The expression ‘advance ruling’   is defined in clause (a) of Section 245N to mean (i) a determination by the Authority   in   relation   to   a   transaction   which   has   been   undertaken   or   is proposed   to   be   undertaken   by   a   non­resident   applicant;   or   (ii)   a determination by the Authority in relation to the tax liability of a non­ resident   arising   out   of   a   transaction   which   has   been   undertaken   or   is proposed to be undertaken by a resident applicant with such non­resident; and (iii) a determination or decision by the Authority in respect of an issue relating to computation of total income which is pending before any income­ tax authority or the Appellate Tribunal and such determination or decision shall include the determination or decision of any question of law or of fact relating to such computation of total income specified in the application. Section 245S stipulates that an advance ruling pronounced by the Authority under Section 245R shall be binding only on (a) The Applicant who had sought it; (b) In respect of the transaction in relation to which the ruling had been sought; and (c) On the Commissioner, and the income­tax authorities  subordinate  to him, in  respect of the  applicant  and  the  said transaction.  In other words, upon an advance ruling being rendered under Section 245R, the ruling binds the applicant, the Commissioner and the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 authorities subordinate to him and the ruling would apply to the transaction in   relation   to   which   it   was   sought.     Sub­section   (2)   of   Section   245S postulates that the ruling shall be binding unless there is a change in law or facts on the basis of which the advance ruling has been pronounced.   The rules which have been made under Section 245V regulate the procedure before the Authority.  These rules which are called the Authority for Advance Ruling (Procedure) Rules, 1996 inter alia deal with the modification of an order passed by the Authority.  Rule 18 provides that where the Authority suo motu or on a representation made to it by the applicant or the Commissioner or otherwise, but before the ruling pronounced by the Authority has been given effect to by the Assessing Officer is satisfied, that there is a change in law or facts on the basis of which the ruling was pronounced, it may by order modify such ruling in such respects as it considers appropriate, after allowing the applicant and the Commissioner a reasonable opportunity of being heard. Once a ruling has been pronounced by the Authority, the binding effect of the ruling can only be displaced in accordance with the procedure which has been stipulated in law.  At this stage, it would also be necessary to note that under Section 245T, where the Authority finds, on a representation made   to   it   by   the   Commissioner   or   otherwise,   that   an   advance   ruling pronounced   by   it   has   been   obtained   by   the   applicant   by   fraud   or misrepresentation of facts, the Authority may may declare such ruling to be void ab initio and thereupon all the provisions of the Act shall apply to the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 applicant as if such advance ruling had never been made, after excluding the period beginning with the date of such advance ruling and ending with the date on which the order under Section 245T has been passed.

9.

The   sole   basis   on   which   the   Commissioner   invoked   the juri iction under Section 263 is that the Authority had in its ruling in the case of Fidelity Northstar Fund held that the profits derived on account of the purchase and sale of equities are capital gains and are chargeable to tax accordingly.  The Commissioner notes that in that ruling the Authority held that   FIIs   are   not   permitted   to   trade   in   equities.     According   to   the Commissioner, the subsequent ruling of the AAR which clarifies the position on the subject as to the taxability of and the nature of income would be applicable to the facts of the petitioner’s case.   Hence, it has been held that the provisions of Section 245S(2) are applicable to the case of the petitioner for assessment years 2004­2005 and 2005­2006 and the profits derived on account of the purchase / sale of shares would be chargeable to tax as capital gains. There is merit in the submission which has been urged on behalf of   the   petitioner   that   the   Commissioner   has   manifestly   exceeded   his juri iction in relying upon the ruling of the AAR in the case of  Fidelity Northstar Fund  as a ruling which would apply to the petitioner.   Ex­facie, Section   245S   shows   that   a   ruling   of   the   AAR   binds   the   Applicant,   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Commissioner and the income­tax Authorities subordinate to him and shall apply in relation to  the transaction  in which the ruling was sought.   The ruling rendered in the case of Fidelity Northstar Fund by AAR cannot bind the petitioner nor can it displace the binding effect of the ruling rendered in the case of the petitioners.   There is no dispute before this Court that the transaction in respect of which the petitioners sought a ruling and in respect of which the AAR had issued a ruling to the petitioners is of the same nature as   that   for   assessment   years   2004­2005   and   2005­2006. Evidently,   the Commissioner has ignored the clear mandate of the statutory provision that a ruling would apply and be binding only on the Applicant and the Revenue in relation to the transaction for which it is sought.   The ruling in  Fidelity cannot possibly, as a matter of the plain intendment and meaning of Section 245S displace the binding character of the advance ruling rendered between the Petitioner and the Revenue. That apart, the Commissioner could not possibly have found fault with the Assessing Officer for having followed a binding ruling.  Where the Assessing Officer has followed a binding principle of law laid down in a precedent   which   has   binding   force   and   effect,   it   is   not   open   to   the Commissioner to exercise his revisional juri iction under Section 263. This principle was laid down in a judgment of the Calcutta High Court in Russell Properties Private Limited V/s. A. Choudhury, Additional Commissioner of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Income Tax, West Bengal2. In that case, the Tribunal had come to the

conclusion in respect of certain previous years, following the decision of the Supreme   Court   in   the   case   of  Karnani   Properties   Limited   V/s. Commissioner of Income Tax3,  that receipts received by tenants for the maintenance of service charges were assessable under the head of business income   and  not   assessable  under   the   head   ‘property’.     The   Tribunal  on examining the facts of the case found that they were identical to those before the Supreme Court.  Following the decision of the Tribunal, the Income Tax Officer proceeded to assess such income under the head ‘business’.   The Commissioner then sought to invoke his juri iction under Section 263 on the ground that such income should have been assessed to tax under the head ‘property’ since in respect of the previous year a reference was pending before the High Court.  The Calcutta High Court held that the Income Tax Officer had merely followed the decision of the Tribunal.  No error had been pointed out in the decision of the Income Tax Officer nor was it pointed out that there was material for the Assessing Officer not to follow the decision of the Tribunal.   The Calcutta High Court observed that whenever there is a decision   of   a   higher   appellate   authority,   the   subordinate   authorities   are bound   to   follow   the   decision   if   judicial   discipline   is   to   be   maintained. Recourse to the juri iction under Section 263 was, therefore, held not to be warranted.  The judgment of the Calcutta High Court has been followed by a Division Bench  of this Court in  Commissioner of Income­tax V/s. Paul 2 (1977) 109 I.T.R. 229 (Cal.)

(1971) 82 ITR 547 (S.C,) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Brothers4  and by a Division Bench of the Gujarat High Court in  Rajan Ramkrishna V/s. Commissioner of Wealth Tax, Gujarat – I5. 10. For  the   aforesaid   reasons,   we   are   of  the   view   that   on  both counts the invocation of the juri iction under Section 263 was improper. Firstly, the Commissioner has ex­facie made a determination contrary to the plain language of Section 245S when he holds that the ruling of the AAR in the case of Fidelity Northstar Fund would apply to the case of the assessee. Unless   the   binding   ruling   in   the   case   of   the   petitioner   is   displaced   by pursuing requisite procedures under the law, that ruling must continue to operate and be binding between the petitioner and the Revenue.  Secondly, and in any event, the Commissioner could not have possibly come to the

conclusion that the view of the Assessing Officer was erroneous or that it was prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue when the Assessing Officer has followed a binding ruling of the AAR.   The assessment order which gives effect to a binding precedent, in this case of the AAR, cannot be regarded as being erroneous or as being prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue.  Since the invocation of the juri iction was not proper, the petitioners should not be relegated to pursue the proceedings initiated under Section 263. 11. We would clarify, in conclusion, that we have had no occasion having regard to the nature of the juri iction that was invoked by the 4 (1995) 216 ITR 548 (Bom.)

(1981) 127 ITR 1 (Guj.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Commissioner to inquire into the correctness of the ruling of the AAR in the case of the petitioner and we leave it open to the Revenue to take recourse to such remedies in law in respect of the ruling of the AAR, if so advised.

12.

Rule is accordingly made absolute by quashing and setting aside the impugned notice dated 18 March 2010. In the circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs. (J.P. Devadhar, J.) (Dr.D.Y. Chandrachud, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

More judgments on Section 263

All 13,616 judgments and leading authorities on Section 263 →

Recent GST High Court judgments

Search GST case law →