THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX - 20 MUMBAI vs. KING METAL WORKS
What did the High Court hold?
The High Court held that the first three questions of law concerning Section 28(iiid) were covered by its previous judgment in CIT vs. Kalpataru Colours and Chemicals, and thus, these questions were answered in favour of the Revenue and against the assessee. For the fourth question, the Court held that freight and insurance attributable to the transport of goods beyond the customs station are expressly excluded from the sale proceeds in computing export turnover under Explanation (b) to sub-section (4C) of Section 80HHC. The Court further held that such freight and insurance cannot be regarded as part of the direct costs attributable to the trading goods within the meaning of Explanation (d) to sub-section (3) of Section 80HHC. The reasoning was that to include them as direct costs would result in double deduction, as they are already excluded from export turnover. The Court's view was consistent with the Supreme Court's interpretation in CIT vs. Lakshmi Machine Works, which emphasized a proximate nexus between costs and the purchase of trading goods, excluding costs incurred after the goods have left the customs station. Therefore, the appeal on the fourth question was dismissed in favour of the assessee. The proceedings for the first three questions were remanded to the Assessing Officer for fresh disposal.
What were the facts?
The Revenue appealed against the order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) concerning Assessment Year(s) not specified. The appeal raised four substantial questions of law. The first three questions pertained to the taxability of the sale of Duty Entitlement Passbook (DEPB) entitlements under Section 28(iiid) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, specifically whether the entire amount or only the profit element was taxable. The fourth question concerned the exclusion of freight and insurance amounting to Rs. 1,71,87,614 from direct costs for computing deductions under Section 80HHC. The parties agreed that the first three questions were covered by a previous judgment of the same court in CIT vs. Kalpataru Colours and Chemicals.
What were the issues?
1. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal was justified in holding that only the profit element of the sale of DEPB, i.e., the amount exceeding the face value, is covered under Section 28(iiid) and not the entire sale proceeds. (Assessee's contention: The entire amount received on the sale of DEPB entitlements represents profits chargeable under Section 28(iiid). Revenue's contention: The profit element alone is chargeable. This issue is framed as a question of law concerning Section 28(iiid). 2. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal erred in holding that the entire amount received on the sale of DEPB entitlement does not represent profit chargeable under Section 28(iiid). (This is a restatement of the first issue, framed as a question of law concerning Section 28(iiid).) 3. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal erred in holding that the profit referred to in Section 28(iiid) requires any artificial cost to be interpolated. (This is a related question of law concerning Section 28(iiid).) 4. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal erred in holding that while computing direct cost attributable to export, freight and insurance amounting to Rs. 1,71,87,614 should be excluded for arriving at export profits while computing deductions under Section 80HHC. (Assessee's contention: Freight and insurance should be excluded from direct costs. Revenue's contention: Freight and insurance are direct costs attributable to export and should be deducted. This is a question of mixed law and fact concerning Section 80HHC.)
Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ORAL JUDGMENT (PER DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.) : The appeal by the Revenue raises the following substantial questions of law: “a) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the Tribunal was justified in holding that, only the profit element of the sale of DEPB that is the amount in excess of sale proceeds over the face value is covered u/s. 28(iiid) and not the entire amount received on sale of DEPB entitlements represents profits chargeable under Section 28(iiid) of the Income Tax Act, 1961; b) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case CNR No : HCBM020087442010 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54
2 ITXAL/801/10 and in law, the Tribunal was erred in holding that the entire amount received on sale of DEPB entitlement does not represent profit chargeable u/s.28(iiid) of the Act; c) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the Tribunal was erred in holding that the profit referred to in Section 28(iiid) requires any artificial cost to be interpolated; d) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the Tribunal was erred in holding that while computing direct cost attributable to export the freight and insurance amounting to Rs.1,71,87,614/ should be excluded for arriving at export profits while computing the deductions u/s.80HHC.”
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3 ITXAL/801/10 Re: Question (d):
Under subsection (1) of Section 80HHC, a deduction is provided to the extent of profits derived by the assessee from the export of goods. Subsection (3) provides a formula for computing profits derived from the export. In the present case, it is an admitted position that the assessee is a trader exporter. Hence, the assessee would be covered by clause (b) of subsection (3) which provides as follows: “(3) For the purposes of subsection (1). (b) where the export out of India is of trading goods, the profits derived from such export shall be the export turnover in respect of such trading goods as reduced by the direct costs and indirect costs attributable to such export;”
Under clause (b) of subsection (3), the export turnover has to be reduced by the direct and indirect costs attributable to export in order to arrive at profits derived from export. Explanation (d) to subsection (3) defines “direct costs” to mean costs “directly attributable to the trading goods exported out of India, including the purchase price of such goods”. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54
4 ITXAL/801/10 Explanation (e) defines “indirect costs” to mean costs, not being direct costs, allocated in the ratio of the export turnover in respect of trading goods to the total turnover.
Explanation (b) to subsection (4C) of Section 80HHC defines the expression “export turnover” as follows : “(b) “export turnover” means the sale proceeds, received in, or brought into, India by the assessee in convertible foreign exchange in accordance with clause (a) of subsection (2) of any goods or merchandise to which this section applies and which are exported out of India, but does not include freight or insurance attributable to the transport of the goods or merchandise beyond the customs station as defined in the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962).”
Now, while defining the expression “export turnover”, Parliament has evinced an intent to exclude freight and insurance attributable to the transport of the goods or merchandise beyond the customs station. Such freight and insurance has to be excluded from the sale proceeds received in India by the assessee in convertible foreign exchange. The object of the exclusion of freight and insurance is to ensure that the benefit of the deduction under Section 80HHC is confined to profits derived from export. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54
5 ITXAL/801/10 Freight and insurance is, therefore, liable to be excluded in computing the export turnover in pursuance of the legislative object of ensuring that Section 80HHC is a provision for incentives to export.
The case of the Revenue in appeal is that though freight and insurance is excluded from the export turnover as a
result of Explanation (b) to subsection (4C) of the Section, freight and insurance must be treated as part of the direct costs and must then be deducted from the export turnover. According to the Revenue, freight and insurance would be ‘costs directly attributable to the trading goods exported out of India’ within the meaning of Explanation (d) to subsection (3).
In considering the tenability of the submission which has been urged on behalf of the Revenue, it has to be noted at the outset, that for the purposes of the formula in clause (b) of sub section (3), export turnover has to be reduced by direct and indirect costs attributable to export. Freight and insurance is Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54
6 ITXAL/801/10 expressly to be excluded from the sale proceeds received by the assessee, in computing the export turnover. The expression “direct costs” is defined to mean costs directly attributable to the trading goods exported out of India including the purchase price of such goods. Direct costs, therefore, cover the purchase price of the trading goods exported and costs which may be directly attributable to the trading goods. Freight and insurance cannot be regarded as costs directly attributable to the trading goods within the meaning of clause (b) of the Explanation to subsection (3). As a matter of fact, freight and insurance attributable to the transport of goods or merchandise beyond the customs station is already excluded from the sale proceeds in computing the export turnover. Such freight and insurance cannot be regarded as part of the direct costs attributable to the trading goods. To do so, would result in a situation where freight and insurance attributable to the transport of the goods beyond the customs station, which has already been reduced from the sale proceeds received by the assessee, would, in addition, be added back as a part of the direct costs incurred by the assessee. Counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54
7 ITXAL/801/10 submitted that on the language of the Section as it stands, freight and insurance would have to be factored in twice, first while excluding this component from the sale proceeds received by the assessee and once again while reducing the direct costs from the export turnover. The language of the Section, in our view, does not warrant such a conclusion. The plain meaning of the Section must be given effect to by the Court in advancing the legislative intent. As we have observed, freight and insurance attributable to the transportation of goods beyond the customs station does not constitute a part of the direct costs which are defined to mean costs directly attributable to the trading goods exported out of India. The words, “exported out of India” are used in a descriptive sense. In order that the costs can be regarded as direct costs within the meaning of Explanation (b), they must be attributable to the trading goods which are eventually exported out of India.
The view which we have taken on the construction of the expression “direct costs” in Explanation (b) to subsection (3) of Section 80HHC is consistent with the interpretation placed by Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54
8 ITXAL/801/10 expression “costs directly attributable to the trading goods”, the Supreme Court observed thus: “Costs directly attributable to trading goods – These costs would generally embrace, apart from the purchase cost and related costs, such other costs which have been incurred either in relation to the purchase, or in relation to the transportation or storage of the goods prior to their export, or in relation to the movement of goods from the exporter’s godown, premises or warehouse to the customs station. The use of the word “directly” signifies that there should be a proximate connection between the costs and the purchase of the trading goods. In other words, they should not be “overhead costs.”
The Supreme Court has taken the view that apart from the purchase price and related costs, direct costs would include costs which have been incurred either in relation to the purchase, transportation or storage of the goods prior to export. The Supreme Court also included costs incurred in relation to the movement of goods to the customs station. There has to be a proximate nexus between the costs and the purchase of the trading goods. Such a nexus cannot possibly be said to exist in relation to 1 (2007) 160 Taxman 404 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54
9 ITXAL/801/10 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54
10 ITXAL/801/10 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:02:54 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
More judgments on Section 28(iiid)
- Nekkanti Sea Foods Limited, Visakhapatnam vs Assistant Commissioner of Income-Tax…ITA 223/VIZ/2023[2019-2020]Status: Disposed25 Jul 2025AY 2019-2020
- M/S. Saraf Exports vs Commissioner of Income Tax, Jaipur - IIIC.A. No.-004822-004822 - 202210 Apr 2023
- Assistant Commissioner of Income-Tax… vs M/S. Nekkanti Sea Foods Ltd., VisakhapatnamITA 158/VIZ/2022[2018-19]Status: Disposed17 Mar 2023AY 2018-19
- Dr. Reddy'S Laboratories Limited, Hyderabad vs DCIT, Circle-1(2), HyderabadITA 349/HYD/2017[2001-02]Status: Disposed8 Jul 2022AY 2001-02
- Sanjay Sales Corporation, Mumbai vs ACIT Circle- 21 (3), MumbaiITA 7812/MUM/2019[2003-04]Status: Disposed29 Sept 2021AY 2003-04
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