THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX -CENTRAL III MUMBAI vs. TEMPLETON ASSET MANAGEMENT INDIA PVT.LTD.

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ITXA/1043/2010HC Bombay12 September 2011Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE K.K. TATED7 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the SEBI Regulations, specifically Regulation 52, provide for the maximum limits that an Asset Management Company (AMC) can charge to Mutual Funds for investment advisory fees and other expenses. However, these regulations do not mandate that the AMC must charge the maximum permissible amount. If an AMC, due to business exigencies or commercial prudence, chooses to charge less than the ceiling or absorb certain expenses itself, the AO cannot make notional additions to the income based on the difference between the actual amount charged and the maximum permissible limit. The genuineness of the expenditure incurred by the assessee was not in dispute. Therefore, the ITAT was justified in deleting the additions made by the AO. The Court answered all four questions of law in the affirmative, in favour of the Assessee and against the Revenue. The appeal was disposed of accordingly.

What were the facts?

The Revenue, Commissioner of Income Tax-Central-III, Mumbai, appealed against an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) concerning the Assessment Year 2003-2004. The assessee, M/s. Templeton Asset Management (India) Pvt. Ltd., is engaged in the business of asset management of Mutual Funds. The Assessing Officer (AO) made additions to the assessee's income by treating the difference between the maximum investment advisory fees permissible under SEBI Regulations and the actual fees charged as income. The AO also disallowed certain recurring and marketing expenses and initial issue expenses, arguing that the assessee could have recovered these from the Mutual Funds or its sponsors/trustees as per SEBI Regulations but chose to bear them itself, thereby reducing its taxable income. The CIT(A) and ITAT had deleted these additions.

What were the issues?

The Tribunal had to decide the following questions of law: 1. Whether the Tribunal was justified in upholding the CIT(A)'s order in not sustaining the addition made by the AO, which was the difference between the investment advisory fees computed at the maximum rates specified in Regulation 52(2) of the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations, 1996, and the amount actually charged by the Assessee (Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961). 2. Whether the Tribunal was justified in upholding the CIT(A)'s order in not sustaining the addition made by the AO relating to recurring and marketing expenses, considering the Assessee was empowered to charge these under SEBI Regulations but charged them to its own accounts, thereby reducing taxable income (Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961). 3. Whether the Tribunal was justified in upholding the CIT(A)'s order in not sustaining the addition made by the AO for 2/3rd share of recurring expenses in excess of the limits specified in Regulation 52(7) of SEBI Regulations, which was borne by the Assessee, considering such expenditure becomes a liability of the sponsor or trustee and is not deductible in the hands of the Assessee (Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961). 4. Whether the Tribunal was justified in upholding the CIT(A)'s order in not sustaining the disallowance made by the AO of initial issue expenses of the Mutual Fund Scheme incurred by the Assessee, which pertain to the business of the Mutual Fund and could have been charged to the Mutual Fund Scheme as per SEBI Regulations (Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961). Assessee's Contentions: The Assessee argued that SEBI Regulations provide maximum limits for fees and expenses, and if the Assessee, due to business exigencies or commercial prudence, charges less than the maximum or bears some expenses itself, the AO cannot make notional additions or disallowances. The genuineness of the expenditure is not in dispute. Revenue's Contentions: The Revenue contended that since the Assessee was empowered by SEBI Regulations to recover certain expenses and fees up to prescribed limits, it should have done so. By not recovering the full amount and bearing some expenses itself, the Assessee reduced its taxable income, and therefore, the AO was justified in making additions/disallowances.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 37(1)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 43 ITXA 1043-10.doc IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION K INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1043 OF 2010 The Commissioner of Income Tax­Central­III  .. Appellant R.No.109, Aayakar Bhavan, M.K.Road, Mumbai 400 020. Vs. M/s. Templeton Asset Management (India) Pvt. Ltd. First Floor, Sahakar Bhavan, Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400 021 .. Respondent. Mr. Suresh Kumar a/w Ms. Padma Divakar for the Appellant. Mr. F.V. Irani a/w Mr. A.K. Jasani for the Respondent. CORAM : J.P. DEVADHAR & K.K. TATED, JJ. DATE : 12TH SEPTEMBER, 2011.

JUDGMENT:(Per J.P. Devadhar, J.) 1 The Appeal is admitted on the following questions of law and taken up for hearing by consent of the parties: a)

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Hon’ble CNR No : HCBM020005542010 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 not sustaining the addition made by the Assessing Officer being the difference between the amount of investment advisory fees computed at the maximum rates specified in Regulation 52(2) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India   (Mutual   Fund)   Regulation,   1996   (SEBI   Regulations)   and   actually charged by the Assessee? b)

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Hon’ble not sustaining the addition made by the Assessing Officer relating to the recurring  and   marketing   expenses   without  appreciating   the  fact   that   this amount   of   expenditure   the   AMC   was   empowered   to   charge   under   SEBI Regulations to the Mutual Fund, but it has charged the same to its own accounts, thereby reducing its taxable income, and hence not be allowable as deduction in view of the provisions of section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961? c)

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Hon’ble not sustaining the addition made by the Assessing Officer being towards 2/3rd share of recurring expenses in excess of the limits specified in Regulation 52 (7) of SEBI Regulation which was borne by the Assessee without appreciating the fact that the amount of expenditure, which becomes the liability either of the sponsor or the trustee of the Mutual Fund, is not deductible under section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act in the hands of the Assessee Company” d)

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Hon’ble not sustaining the disallowance made by the Assessing Officer of initial issue Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 expenses of the Mutual Fund Scheme incurred by the Assessee which pertain to the business of the Mutual Fund, without appreciating the fact that these are the expenses incurred by the Assessee Company on behalf of Mutual Fund and are pertaining to Schemes which are of Mutual Fund which the Assessee Company was empowered by the SEBI Regulations to charge to the Mutual Fund Scheme? 2 The Assessment Year involved herein is A.Y. 2003­2004. 3 The Assessee is a private limited company engaged in the business of Asset Management of Mutual Funds. In the Assessment Year in question, the Assessing Officer on noticing that the Assessee has  claimed investment advisory fees, less than the ceiling prescribed under Regulation 52 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996 added the differential amount to the income of the Assessee. 4 The CIT (A) as also the ITAT have held that the SEBI Regulation 52 provides for the maximum limit towards the fees that could be charged by an   Asset   Management   Company   from   the   Mutual   Funds.   Due   to   the business exigencies if the Assessee an Asset Management Company collects lesser amount of fees than the ceiling prescribed, it is not open to the Assessing Officer to make additions on notional basis merely because the amount of fees actually claimed is less than the maximum ceiling prescribed Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 under the SEBI Regulation.   It is not the case of the Revenue that the Assessee has recovered investment advisory fees more than what is said to have been claimed by the Assessee.   Therefore, the fact that the SEBI Regulation provides for the maximum limit on the investment advisory fees that   could   be   claimed,   it   cannot   be   said   that   the   Asset   Management Companies are liable to be assessed at the maximum limit prescribed under the SEBI Regulations, irrespective of the amount actually recovered by the Asset Management Companies. In these circumstances, the decision of the ITAT in deleting the additions made by the Assessing Officer on notional basis namely, the difference between the amount claimed and recovered by the   Assessee   and   the   maximum   ceiling   prescribed   under   the   SEBI Regulation cannot be faulted. Thus, the first question is answered in the affirmative, that is in favour of the Assessee and against the Revenue. 5 The second question relates to the recovery of the marketing expenses incurred by the Assessee on behalf of the Mutual Funds. In the present case, the Assessee had recovered part of the marketing expenses from the Mutual Funds   and   the   balance   of   the   marketing   expenses   were   borne   by   the Assessee   itself.   The   Assessing   Officer   was   of   the   opinion   that   when Regulation 52 (6) of the SEBI Regulation empowers the Assessee to recover the marketing expenses up to the ceiling prescribed therein, the Assessee Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 was not justified in charging part of the marketing expenses to its own account, thereby reducing its taxable income. Accordingly, the Assessing Officer added the differential amount to the income of the Assessee. The CIT (A) as also the ITAT have deleted the addition 6 In the present case, it is not in dispute that though the Assessee was entitled to recover entire marketing expenses incurred on behalf of the Mutual Funds, the Assessee has in fact claimed part of the expenses from the Mutual Funds and absorbed the balance expenditure as a matter of commercial prudence. The Assessing Officer has not disbelieved the case of the Assessee that only a part of the expenses incurred has been recovered from   the   Mutual   Funds   on   account   of   commercial   prudence.   In   these circumstances, the fact that the Assessee could have collected the entire amount of expenses from the Mutual Fund as per Regulation 52(6) of the SEBI Regulation cannot be a ground to make addition in the hands of the Assessee, especially when the bonafide decision of the Assessee to claim part   of   the   expenses   from   the   Mutual   Funds   is   not   doubted   and   the expenditure claimed to have been incurred by the Assessee is also not doubted. 7 In the result, in our opinion, the ITAT was justified in holding that Regulation 52 (6) of the SEBI Regulation merely provides for a ceiling on Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 expenses that could be charged to the Mutual Funds and where an Asset Management   Company   does   not   charge   the   Mutual   Funds   part   of   the expenses actually incurred due to bonafide commercial decision, then, no part of the expenditure can be disallowed and consequently the addition made on account of disallowance cannot be sustained. In the result, the second question is answered in the affirmative, that is, in favour of the Assessee and against the Revenue. 8 Similarly,   the   third   and   fourth   questions   relate   to   deleting   the disallowances made by the Assessing Officer. Regulation 52 (7) provides that   any   recurring   expenditure   in   excess   of   the   limit   specified   in   sub­ regulation (6) may be borne by the Asset Management Company or by the Trustee or by the Sponsors. As the Assessee claimed deduction of the entire expenditure incurred on behalf of the mutual funds instead of recovering 2/3rd  of the expenditure from the Trustee/Sponsors, the Assessing Officer disallowed 2/3rd of the expenses and added the same to the income of the Assessee. Similarly, initial issue expenses incurred on behalf of the Mutual Funds were disallowed on the ground that the Assessee was entitled to recover the same from the Mutual Funds. The ITAT deleted additions on the ground that merely because, the SEBI Regulation empowers the Assessee to recover the above expenditure, disallowance of the expenditure cannot be Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 made if the Assessee decides not to recover part of said expenditure from the   Mutual   Funds/Trustees/Sponsors.   The   restrictions   under   the   SEBI Regulations are imposed with a view to ensure that the Mutual Funds are not overcharged and the said Regulations are not intended to mandatorily saddle the Mutual Funds with the liability set out in the Regulations. 9 In the present case, genuineness of the expenditure incurred by the Assessee on behalf of the Mutual Funds is not in dispute. If the assessee, an Asset   Management   Company,   due   to   business   exigencies   claims   and recovers   from   the   Mutual   Funds   lesser   amount   than   the   amount   of expenditure actually incurred during the course of its business, then, unless it is established that there were no business exigencies or the claim was not genuine, the expenditure incurred cannot be disallowed and added to the income of the Assessee. Accordingly, the third and fourth questions are answered in the affirmative, that is in favour of the Assessee and against the Revenue. 10 The Appeal is disposed of in the above terms with no order as to costs. (J.P. DEVADHAR, J.) (K.K. TATED, J.)

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