M/S. DIRECT INFORMATION PVT.LTD., vs. THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER 9(1) AND ORS.

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WP/1479/2011HC Bombay29 September 2011Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.A. SAYED27 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Assessing Officer had sought to reopen the assessments for AY 2006-07 and 2007-08 purely on the basis of a change of opinion. The Court found justification in the Assessee's grievance that the Revenue, by relying on the assessment order for AY 2008-09, had engaged in a contrived attempt to reopen assessments. The issue of whether the Assessee was entitled to a deduction under Section 10A did not fall for determination in AY 2008-09 as the Assessee had not claimed any deduction. The AO's observations in the AY 2008-09 order, stating that a deduction would have been unsustainable if claimed, were impermissibly pressed into service to sustain the reopening for AY 2006-07 and 2007-08. The Court agreed with the view that a mere change of opinion without any tangible material does not give rise to a reason to believe for reopening an assessment. The Court allowed the petition and set aside the notices for reopening.

What were the facts?

The assessee, M/s. Direct Information Private Limited, filed a writ petition challenging the notices issued by the Assessing Officer (AO) on March 18, 2011, to reopen assessments for Assessment Years (AY) 2006-07 and 2007-08. The dispute stems from the AO's denial of deduction under Section 10A for AY 2002-03 and 2003-04, which was later allowed by the Commissioner (Appeals) for AY 2002-03 and for AY 2003-04. The Revenue's appeal for AY 2003-04 to the ITAT was dismissed without challenging the Section 10A deduction. The AO had previously allowed Section 10A deductions for AY 2004-05 and 2005-06, and for AY 2006-07 and 2007-08. The AO's reasons for reopening were based on the assessment order for AY 2008-09, where no Section 10A deduction was claimed, but the AO opined that the assessee would not have been eligible.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Assessing Officer had valid reasons to believe that income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment for Assessment Years 2006-07 and 2007-08, thereby justifying the reopening of assessments under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961? The Assessee contended that the proposed reassessment was based on a mere change of opinion by the Assessing Officer, as the issue of eligibility for deduction under Section 10A had been considered and decided in previous assessment years, including by the Commissioner (Appeals). The Assessee argued that the AO had no reason to believe contrary to the decision of the Commissioner (Appeals) and that a deduction could not be denied in subsequent years without first withdrawing it in the initial year. The Assessee relied on the Gujarat High Court decision in Saurashtra Cement & Chemical Industries Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income Tax and the Bombay High Court decision in Siemens Information System Ltd. vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax. The Revenue, through the Assessing Officer, contended that new facts had come to notice, specifically that the activity of Domain Registry does not fall into the category of IT-enabled services as it necessitates value addition, which was absent in the assessee's domain registration activity. The AO also noted that the assessment for AY 2008-09 disallowed Section 10A deduction, and since the facts were similar, the assessee had wrongly claimed the deduction for AY 2007-08.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 10A,Section 143(3),Section 147,Section 148,Section 80HHE

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
Dmt 1 wp1479-11 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGNAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO. 1479 OF 2011 M/s. Direct Information Private Limited, .     ..   Petitioner. versus The Income­tax Officer, 9(1) & Ors.  ..   Respondents. ..... Mr. S.E. Dastoor, Sr. Adv. with Mr. Niraj Sheth, Mr. Rajesh Shah and Mr. Bhalchandra Patil i/by Rajesh Shah & Co. for the Petitioner. Mr. Suresh Kumar for the Respondents. ......        CORAM :  DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD &    A. A. SAYED, JJ.       29 September 2011.

ORAL JUDGMENT : (PER DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, J. )  : CNR No : HCBM020167772011 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 2 wp1479-11 Rule, by consent returnable forthwith.   With the consent of Counsel and at their request the Petition is taken up for hearing and final disposal.

2.

By two notices dated 18 March 2011 the Assessing Officer has sought to reopen assessment for Assessment Years 2006­07 and 2007­08. These proceedings under Article 226 of the Constitution have been instituted in order to question the validity of the action initiated by the Assessing Officer of reopening the assessments.

3.

The Petitioner filed its return of income tax for Assessment Year 2002­3 and claimed a deduction under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act, 1961. During the course of the assessment proceedings, queries were raised by the Assessing Officer, inter alia, on 7 March 2005. The Petitioner was called upon to explain how the services rendered by the Petitioner while engaged in Domain name registrations and Web Hosting Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 3 wp1479-11 Services were covered within the meaning of the expression web­site services  under a circular issued by the Central “ ”

Board of Direct Taxes.  The Petitioner responded by a letter dated 14 March 2005 clarifying the circumstances in which it provides   web­site   services   within   the   meaning   of   a   CBDT circular dated 26 September 2000. The circular was issued, inter alia, in exercise of powers conferred by clause (b) of item (i) of Explanation 2 of Section 10A. By the circular several information technology enabled products or services came to be   specified.     The   specified   services   included     Web­site ‘

Services . ’

4.

An   order   of   assessment   was   passed   for   the Assessment Year 2002­3 under Section 143 (3).  The Assessing Officer held that the Petitioner had not been able to establish that Domain name registration and Web Hosting Services fall within the meaning of  Web­site Services  mentioned in the ‘ ’

notification   dated   26   September   2000. The   claim   of   the Petitioner for deduction under Section 80HHE as well as under Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 4 wp1479-11 Section 10A was consequently disallowed.

5.

For the Assessment Year 2003­4, the Petitioner once again made a claim for a deduction under Section 10A and submitted a detailed explanation to the Income Tax Officer on 23   December   2005   in   pursuance   of   queries   raised   on   20 December 2005 in the course of a scrutiny assessment.   The Assessing Officer, as in the case of Assessment Year 2002­03, declined   to   allow   a   deduction   under   Section   10A   for Assessment Year 2003­04 by his order dated 9 January 2006. The Assessing Officer was of the view that the business of the Assessee did not involve any value addition.

6.

Both the orders for Assessment Years 2002­3 and 2003­4 were carried in appeal.  The Commissioner (Appeals) by an order dated 21 March 2006 allowed the appeal filed by the Petitioner for Assessment Year 2002­03 and after a detailed

discussion came to the conclusion that a deduction had to be allowed under Section 10A.   Following the earlier order for Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 5 wp1479-11 Assessment Year 2002­03 the Commissioner (Appeals)  for the Assessment Year 2003­04, allowed the claim of the Petitioner for deduction under Section 10A by an order dated 2 February 2007. The order of the Commissioner (Appeals) for Assessment Year 2002­03 was not called into question by the Revenue.  For Assessment Year 2003­4 the Revenue preferred an appeal to the ITAT.  However, none of the grounds of appeal related to the entitlement   of   the   Petitioner   to   claim   a   deduction   under Section 10A.  The appeal was dismissed by the Tribunal by an order dated 25 March 2009. 7. For   Assessment   Year   2004­05   and   2005­06   the Petitioner   was   allowed   a   deduction   under   Section   10A   by orders passed by the Assessing Officer on 31 July 2006 and 30 March 2007. The Assessing Officer granted a deduction under Section 10A for Assessment Years 2006­07 and 2007­08. 8. For Assessment Year 2008­09 the Petitioner did not claim any deduction under Section 10A having returned a Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 6 wp1479-11 business loss.     Nonetheless, the Assessing Officer sought to determine   as   to   whether   the   Petitioner   would   have   been entitled to a deduction under Section 10A on the ground that a major part of the revenue came from domain registration activity.     According   to   the   Assessing   Officer,   the   Petitioner would not have been entitled to a deduction under Section 10A were it to have any profits from business, on the ground that it did not fulfil the conditions laid down in the section. However, for the year in question the Petitioner had declared a loss from business and it had not claimed   any deduction under Section 10A.

9.

By a notice dated 18 March 2011, the Assessing Officer   has   sought   to   reopen   the   the   assessment   for   the Assessment Year 2006­7. A similar notice has been issued on 18 March 2011 for Assessment Year 2007­8. The reasons on the basis of which the assessment is sought to be reopened were disclosed to the Petitioner by a letter dated 29 April 2011 of the Assessing Officer.  Those reasons are as follows :­ Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 7 wp1479-11 On perusal of the records and details, it is seen “

the   assessee   is   engaged   in   domain   registration activity.     Assessee   functions   as   domain   registrar, authorized   by   a   non­profit   corporation,   ICANN (Internet   Corporation   for   Assigned   Names   and Numbers).   The activity of Domain Registry does not fall into the category of IT enabled services as IT enabled services, necessitates value addition to call it a IT enabled services.   However, in the Domain   Registry   activity   of   assessee,   no   value addition is taking place at any point.  Assessee, as Domain Registrar, only acts as a retail agent of a Domain   Registry,   which   manages   the   Top   Level Domain   (TLD)   both   technically   and   administerly. Further, Domain Registration services does not fall under the category of web­site services.  Hence, it is crystal clear that assessee is not eligible for deduction u/s 10A of the Act since it does not Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 8 wp1479-11 qualify the conditions laid down in the said section 10A of I.T. Act. It is also pertinent to mention that assessment  u/s 143   (3)  has been  passed  in  the assessee s own case for A.Y.08­09 and deduction u/s ’

10A   was   disallowed.     As   the   facts   and circumstances of this A.Y. is same as that of A.Y. 08­09, it is evident that the assessee has wrongly claimed deduction u/s 10A of the Act for A.Y.07­08, also.” The Petitioner submitted its objections to the reopening of the assessment by its letter dated 30 May 2011. Three submissions were urged :­ (i) The   proposed   reassessment   is   based   on   a change of opinion; (ii) The   Assessing   Officer   had   no   reason   to believe   contrary   to   the   decision   of   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 9 wp1479-11 Commissioner (Appeals); and (iii) A deduction could not have been denied in subsequent years without first withdrawing it in the initial year. The Assessing Officer has passed an order on 16 June 2011 rejecting the objections for the following reasons :­ As   far   as   the   assessee s   arguments   with “ ’

regard to whether there is a change in the opinion is concerned, the same is not acceptable for the reasons that the nature of Domain registration was examined at the time of passing assessment order for A.Y. 2008­09 and new facts that the activity of Domain Registry does not falls into the category IT enabled services  come to the notice of the A.O.  IT enabled services, necessitates value addition to call it a IT  enabled services.   However, in  Domain Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 10 wp1479-11 Registry activity of the assessee, no value addition is taking place at any point.  Assessee, as Domain Registrar, only acts as a retail agent of a Domain Registry.   Hence, the assessee is held to be not eligible for deduction u/s 10A of the Act. Further,   the   assessee   contention   that   the deduction u/s 10A was allowed in earlier years,

hence the reopening of the case is bad in law.  In this regard, the Hon ble ITAT Chennai  B  spl. ’ “ ”

Bench 040 DTR 0001 in the case of  ACIT  Vs. Mahindra Holidays & Resorts (India) Ltd. held that the view  taken in a particular assessment year cannot bind the A.O. for subsequent assessment years.  The Hon ble Supreme Court in the case of ’ Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 11 wp1479-11 assessment.     In   the   instant   case,   during   the assessment proceedings for A.Y. 2008­09, the issue of Domain registry is examined and found to be not eligible for exemption u/s 10A of the Act as discussed above.   Accordingly, the exemption was disallowed for A.Y.2008­09. 10. Learned   Counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the Petitioner submitted that (i) The assessments for Assessment Years 2006­07 and 2007­08 are sought to be reopened on the basis   of   a   mere   change   of   opinion,   something   that   is impermissible in view of the judgment of the Supreme Court in CIT Vs. Kelvinator of India Limited;

1  (ii) The fact that the Assessing Officer had taken a different view for Assessment Year 2008­09 was not indicative of the fact that there was no change of opinion;  (iii)  As a matter of fact the assessments are sought to be reopened without any further or new facts or fresh   materials;     (iv)   The   Petitioner   had   been   allowed   a 1 (2010) 320 ITR 561 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 12 wp1479-11 deduction under Section 10A after detailed consideration  both by the Assessing Officer and in appeal by the Commissioner (Appeals) for Assessment Years 2002­3 and 2003­4. Even if the principles of res judicata do not apply to different assessment years, the law mandates a degree of uniformity;   and (v) Section 10A contemplates a continuous deduction for a period of 10 years and unless the deduction which was allowed in the very first year were to be reopened or reversed, there would be no justification for reopening assessment for subsequent years.

11.

On the other hand, it has been urged on behalf of the Respondents that the reasons which have been indicated in the communication dated 29 April 2011 are sufficient to reopen the assessments which in this case is within a period of four years of the end of the relevant assessment year.   Learned Counsel  also  dwelt  on the order  passed by  the Assessing Officer rejecting the objections of the Assessee. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 13 wp1479-11

12.

Section 10A(1) contemplates a deduction from the profits and gains derived by an undertaking from the export of articles or things or computer software for a period of ten consecutive assessment years beginning with the assessment year relevant to the previous year in which the undertaking begins to manufacture or produce such articles or things or computer software.   The expression  computer software  is ‘ ’

defined   by   clause   (i)   of   Explanation   2   to   mean   (a)   any computer programme recorded on any disc, tape, perforated media   or   other   information   storage   device;   or   (b)   any customized electronic data or any product or service of similar nature, as may be notified by the Board which is transmitted or exported from India to any place outside India by any means.     The   Central   Board   of   Direct   Taxes   has   issued   a notification on 26 September 2000 specifying fifteen technology enabled products or services for the purposes of  clause (b) of item (i) of Explanation 2 to Section 10A.   Amongst them is Web­site Services .  The point to be noted at this stage is that ‘ ’

Section 10A provides for a deduction over a period of ten Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 14 wp1479-11 consecutive years.   The issue as to whether the Petitioner conducts a web­site service was considered in a significant amount of detail by the Assessing Officer when he disallowed the deduction for Assessment Year 2002­03. The view of the Assessing   Officer   was   that   the   activities   of   domain   name registration and web hosting services were not covered under the head of  web­site services .  These activities, according to ‘ ’

the Assessing Officer did not constitute  software export  and ‘ ’

he was of the view that the income generated from the sale of domain name registrations and web hosting would not qualify for   deduction   under   Section   10A.      The   Assessing   Officer followed the same view for the Assessment Year 2003­04. The Assessee carried the matter in  appeal.   The Commissioner (Appeals) held that the assessee was entitled to the benefit of the deduction since the service of domain name registration as well as web hosting constitutes an integral part of  web­site ‘

services   within   the   meaning   of   the   notification   dated   26 ’ t September   2000   issued   by   the   CBDT.     The   order   of   the Commissioner   (Appeals)     for   Assessment   Year   2002­03   was Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 15 wp1479-11 followed   while   allowing   the   appeal   of   the   Assessee   for Assessment Year 2003­04. The Revenue accepted the order for Assessment   Year   2002­03   and   no   appeal   was   filed   to   the Tribunal.  The Assessee thus availed of a deduction for the first year, namely, Assessment Year 2002­03. For Assessment Year 2003­04 there was an appeal of the Revenue   before the Tribunal but significantly the grounds of appeal would indicate that there was no appeal on the entitlement of the Assessee to avail of a deduction under Section 10A.  Consequently both for Assessment Years 2002­03 and 2003­04 the orders passed by the Commissioner (Appeals) granting to the Assessee the benefit of the deduction under Section 10A attained finality.   Following this position, the Assessee was allowed a deduction under Section 10A for Assessment Years 2004­05, 2005­06, 2006­07 and 2007­08. 13. During the course of the Assessment Year 2008­09 the Assessee did not as a matter of fact claim a deduction under   Section   10A   having   returned   a   business   loss. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 16 wp1479-11 Nonetheless, the Assessing Officer purported to comment on whether the Assessee would have been entitled to a deduction under Section 10A had such a claim been made.  The Assessing Officer held that if the Assessee were to make a claim under Section 10A, such a claim would not be sustainable and would have been rejected.  There was no occasion for the Assessing Officer, during the course of the assessment for Assessment Year 2008­09 to comment on whether the Assessee would have been entitled to claim a deduction under Section 10A when no deduction was claimed in the first place.   No question of a disallowance   can   arise   where   there   is   no   claim.     A disallowance can arise only when there is a claim.  Be that, as it may, it is partly on the basis of the order of assessment for Assessment Year 2008­09 that the assessments for Assessment Years 2006­07 and 2007­08  are now sought to be reopened.

14.

The reasons  which have been  furnished by the Assessing Officer for reopening the assessment are that (i) The activities of a domain registry do not fall into the category of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 17 wp1479-11 IT   enabled   services   which   necessitate   a   value   addition. According to the Assessing Officer, no value addition takes place in the activity of a domain registry engaged in by the Assessee;   (ii) The Assessee as a domain registrar acts as a retail agent of a domain registry;   (iii) Domain Registration Services do not do not fall under the category of web­site services and (iv) In the case of the Assessee. during the course of Assessment Year 2008­09 a deduction under Section 10A has been disallowed.

15.

The challenge of the Assessee is that the reasons constitute a mere change in opinion.   On the basis of the record, as it stands, that challenge has substance and would have to be accepted.   As the narration of the facts would indicate   the   Assessing   Officer   had   disallowed   a   deduction under Section 10A for Assessment Year 2002­03 and 2003­04. That view was reversed by Commissioner (Appeals).  Hence for those years and for the succeeding years, the Assessee was granted a deduction under Section 10A.   The reasons which Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 18 wp1479-11 have been furnished to the Assessee do not contain any new or tangible material or a reference to any new facts which have come on record which were not present to the mind of the   Assessing   Officer   when   the   earlier   assessments   were finalised.   The power of the Assessing Officer to reopen an assessment under Section 148 is even within a period of four years   conditioned   by   the   requirement   that   there   must   be reason to believe that income has escaped assessment.   The Assessing Officer cannot in the guise of formulating a reason to   believe   exercise   a   juri iction   to   review   an   earlier determination.  The power to reopen an assessment is not a power to review an assessment already made, but a power to reopen   where   there   is   reason   to  believe  that  income   has escaped assessment.  Consequently, unless the Assessing Officer has tangible material before him on the basis of which he comes   to   that   conclusion,   the   reopening   of   an  assessment cannot be permitted merely on the ground that there is a change   in   the   view   of   the   Assessing   Officer   and   he subsequently believes that the earlier view was incorrect.   If Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 19 wp1479-11 observations: On   going   through   the   changes,   quoted   above, “

made to s. 147 of the Act, we find that, prior to Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, reopening could be done under above two conditions and fulfillment of the said conditions alone conferred juri iction on the AO to make a back assessment, but in s. 147 of the Act (w.e.f. 1st April, 1989), they are given a go by and only one condition has remained, viz., that there the AO has reason to believe that income has escaped assessment, confers 2 (2010) 320 ITR 561 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 20 wp1479-11 juri iction to reopen the assessment.   Therefore, post 1st April, 1989, power to reopen is much wider. However,   one   needs   to   give   a   schematic interpretation to the words  reason to believe “ ” failing   which,   we   are   afraid,   s.147   would   give arbitrary powers to the AO to reopen assessments on the basis of  mere change of opinion , which “ ”

cannot be per se reason to reopen.  We must also keep in mind the conceptual difference between power   to  review   and  power  to  reasssess.     But reassessment  has  to  be  based  on   fulfillment   of certain     pre­condition   and   if   the   concept   of change of opinion  is removed, as contended on “ ”

behalf of the Department, then, in the garb of reopening the assessment, review would take place. One must treat the concept of  change of opinion “ ” as an in­built test to check abuse of power by the AO.  Hence, after 1st April, 1989, AO has power to reopen, provided there is  tangible material  to “ ”

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Dmt 21 wp1479-11 come to the conclusion that there is escapement of income from assessment.  Reasons must have a live link with the formation of the belief.”

17.

The order passed by the Assessing Officer on the objections   of   the   Assessee   adverts   to   two   considerations. First,   the   Assessing   Officer   notes   that   IT   enabled   services necessitate a value addition, something which, according to him, the activity of a domain registry does not fulfill.   This reason,  is a mere change of opinion.  As a matter of fact, in the   assessment   order   for   Assessment   Year   2003­04,   the Assessing Officer had taken the same view holding that the business of the Assessee in itself is a mere purchase and sale, the only value addition being the manual service of assessee. This   view   was   reversed   in   appeal   by   the   Commissioner (Appeals).  The second consideration which has weighed with the Assessing Officer is that a decision taken in a particular year cannot bind the Assessing Officer for subsequent years. Now,   it   is   true   that   each     Assessment   Year   constitutes   a Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 22 wp1479-11 separate unit in itself and the principles of res judicata as such are inapplicable.   Equally, though the principles of res judicata do not strictly apply, as in the case  of different  Assessment Years, there is some value to be placed on the need for uniformity even in tax adjudication.   Moreover, in the present case, the deduction is not a matter relating to independent Assessment Years in the strict sense of the term.  Section 10A contemplates   a   deduction   in   respect   of   ten   succeeding Assessment Years.     A Division Bench of the Gujarat High Court, while considering the deduction under Section 80J held in  Saurashtra   Cement   &   Chemical   Industries   Ltd.,   vs. Commissioner of Income Tax,3 as follows :­ No doubt, the relief of tax holiday under s. 80J “

can be withheld or discontinued provided the relief granted   in   the   initial   year   of   assessment   is disturbed   or   changed   on   valid   grounds.     But wihtout disturbing the relief granted in the initial 3 (1980) 123 ITR 669 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 23 wp1479-11 year, the ITO cannot examine the question again and   decide   to   withhold   or   withdraw   the   relief which has been already once granted.” Commissioner of Income Tax & Ors.5 an assessment was sought to be reopened under Section 148 on the basis of a view taken in an assessment for a subsequent Assessment Year. Holding that the assessment was sought to be reopened on the basis of a mere change of opinion, the Division Bench observed as follows :­ In the instant case the second AO for asst. yr. “

2003­04 on the same set of facts has taken a view which is different  from the view  taken   by   the 4 (1995) 216 ITR 548 (NAG) 5 (2007) 295 ITR 333 (Bom) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 24 wp1479-11 previous   AO   for   asst.   yr.   2001­02,   on   the interpretation of the same provisions of law.  It is possible in the absence of finality to a question of law, that an AO on the same set of facts could take a different view.  Would that attract the provisions of s. 148 of the IT Act because the second AO holds a different view on the interpretation of the provisions.   The accounting system is the same. The   returns   have   been   filed   in   the   manner prescribed by the form.  On these facts because the second AO differs with the opinion of the earlier AO on the interpretation of the provision without any   other   additional   material,   is   he   entitled   to assume juri iction to issue a notice under s. 148. In our opinion, such a belief would amount to a mere change of opinion.  The remedy in case like this would be to invoke or resort to the other applicable provisions of the Act.  If the ITO does not possess the power of review, he cannot achieve Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 25 wp1479-11 that   object   by   initiating   a   proceeding   for reassessment  or by way of rectification of mistake. A mere change of opinion on an interpretation of a provision by itself without anything more, cannot give rise to  reason to believe .   The power of ‘ ’

reopening an assessment has been conferred by the legislature not with the object of enabling the ITO to reopen the full declaration made against the Revenue in respect of questions raised that arose directly   for     consideration   in   the   earlier proceedings.  If that were not the legal position, it would result in placing an unrestricted power of review   in   the   ands   of   the   assessing   authorities depending on their changing moods.” We are in respectful agreement with that view of the Division Bench.

19.

For these reasons, we are of the view that the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 26 wp1479-11 Assessing Officer has sought to reopen the assessment for Assessment Years 2006­07 and 2007­08 purely on the basis of a change of opinion.  There is justification in the grievance of the  Assessee that  by  relying  on  the assessment  order  for Assessment Year 2008­09 the Revenue has put into place a contrived attempt to reopen the assessment for Assessment Year 2008­09. The issue as to whether the Assessee was entitled to a deduction under Section 10A did not fall for determination at all the Asseessee not having made a claim for deduction   under   Section   10A   in   the   first   place   during Assessment Year 2008­09. The Assessing Officer, proceeded to hold that if the assessee were to claim a deduction during that year, then such a deduction would have been unsustainable. These observations in the order for Assessment Year 2008­09 have now been pressed into service to sustain the reopening of assessment for Assessment Years 2006­07 and 2007­08. That clearly is impermissible in the facts of this case which are clearly indicative of a mere change of opinion without the existence of any tangible material to reopen the assessment. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10

Dmt 27 wp1479-11

20.

For these reasons, we allow the petition and set aside the notices dated 18 March 2011 issued by the Assessing Officer purporting to reopen assessments for the Assessment Years 2006­07 and 2007­08. 21. Rule   is   made   absolute   in   the   aforesaid   terms. There shall be no order as to costs.

(Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, J.) (A. A. Sayed, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:56:10 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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