GENERAL INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA vs. THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX AND ORS.

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WP/56/2012HC Bombay01 December 2011Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.A. SAYED28 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the reopening of the assessment was contrary to law. The Assessing Officer had already applied his mind to the issue of exemptions under Section 10 during the original assessment proceedings under Section 143(3). The assessee had relied on a CBDT communication dated February 21, 2006, which clarified that exemptions under Section 10 are available to non-life insurance businesses, subject to fulfilling the conditions of the respective clauses. The AO had allowed exemptions under Section 10(15), 10(23G), and 10(33) in the original assessment, relying on this communication. The Court noted that it was not the AO's case that the assessee failed to fulfill the conditions for these exemptions. Therefore, the reopening based on the AO's subsequent change of opinion, without any new tangible material, was impermissible. The Court also referred to previous judgments of the Bombay High Court in Life Insurance Corporation vs. Commissioner of Income-tax and Commissioner of Income-tax vs. New India Assurance Co. Ltd., which supported the principle that general insurance companies are entitled to exemptions under Section 10. The rule was made absolute, quashing the notice dated March 17, 2011, reopening the assessment.

What were the facts?

The assessee, General Insurance Corporation of India, filed its return for Assessment Year 2006-07 declaring a loss after claiming exemptions under Section 10, including Section 10(38) for long-term capital gains. The Assessing Officer (AO) allowed exemptions under Section 10(15), 10(23G), and 10(33) but disallowed the claim under Section 10(38), stating the assessee was trading in equity shares with the intention of profit. Subsequently, the AO issued a notice under Section 148 on March 17, 2011, to reopen the assessment for AY 2006-07. The reasons for reopening indicated that exemptions under Section 10(34) and 10(15) were wrongly allowed, as Section 44 and the First Schedule of the Act were applicable, implying other sections of the Act might not apply. The assessee objected to the reopening, which was disposed of by the AO on November 14, 2011. The assessee filed a writ petition challenging the reopening.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Assessing Officer had valid grounds to reopen the assessment under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for AY 2006-07, considering the original assessment under Section 143(3) had already considered the claims for exemption under Section 10. Assessee's arguments: - The AO had already applied his mind to the exemption claims under Section 10 during the original assessment, specifically disallowing Section 10(38) while allowing others. The reopening is based on a mere change of opinion without any new or tangible material, which is impermissible. - The AO relied on a CBDT communication dated February 21, 2006, which stated that exemptions available to other assessees under Section 10 are also available to non-life insurance businesses, subject to conditions. Revenue's arguments: - Writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution is not warranted as the assessee can raise all contentions before the AO after reopening. - Factual issues arise, making writ jurisdiction inappropriate. - Reopening within four years is permissible if income has escaped assessment.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 10,Section 148,Section 143(3),Section 44,Section 10(15),Section 10(23G),Section 10(33),Section 10(38),Section 10(34)

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
Dmt 1 wpl2560-11 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGNAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION (L) NO. 2560 OF 2011 General Insurance Corporation of India, Mumbai. ..  Petitioner. versus The Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, ­ 1(3) Mumbai & Anr.  ..  Respondents. ..... Mr. F.B. Irani with Mr. Atul K. Jasani for the Petitioner. Mr. Charanjeet Chanderpaul for Respondent No. 1. ......    CORAM :  DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD &          A. A. SAYED, JJ.             01 DECEMBER 2011.

ORAL JUDGMENT : (PER DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.)

1.

Rule.  Learned Counsel for the Respondents waives CNR No : HCBM020267292011 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 2 wpl2560-11 service.   By consent taken up for final hearing on the request of learned Counsel for the parties.

2.

By a notice of the First Respondent dated   17 March 2011 issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961   an  assessment   for   Assessment   Year  2006­07   has  been sought to be reopened.

3.

The Petitioner is engaged in the business of general insurance.  For Assessment Year 2006­07 the Petitioner filed a return of income on 30 November 2006 declaring a loss of Rs. 504.68 crores after excluding exempt incomes under clauses (15), (23G), (33) and (38) of Section 10. On 12 October 2007, the Assessing Officer issued a notice under Section 142 (1) seeking details of income exempted and of expenditure under Section 14A.     The   Petitioner,   during   the   course   of   the   assessment proceedings, made a submission before the Assessing Officer in a letter dated 25 October 2007 inter alia in regard to the claim of exemption under Section 10 (38).  Reliance was placed on a Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 3 wpl2560-11 communication dated 21 February 2006 of the Central Board of Direct Taxes to the Chairman of the Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority (IRDA) to the effect that exemptions available to any other assessee under any clause of Section 10 are also available to a person carrying on non­life insurance business subject to  fulfillment  of the conditions under  the particular clause under which an exemption is sought.  By a further communication dated 22 November 2007 the assessee once again relied upon the aforesaid circular.

4.

In the computation of income for the assessment year, the assessee had claimed inter alia an exemption under Section 10 (15) of the interest on tax free bonds;  under Section 10   (23G)   on   interest   on   investment   with   infrastructure companies and under Section 10 (33) on dividend income.   In the notes forming part of the computation of income, the assessee also stated that it was reserving its right to claim an exemption under Section 10 (38).  The Assessing Officer while passing an order of assessment on 31 March 2008 denied to the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 4 wpl2560-11 assessee the benefit of an exemption under Section 10 (38) on the ground that during the assessment year, the assessee had carried on a regular business of trading in equity shares;   the intention of the assessee being to earn profit and not to act as an investor.   The exemptions claimed under Section 10(15), 10(23G) and 10(33) were however, allowed.

5.

The Assessing Officer issued a notice under Section 148 on 17 March 2011 purporting to reopen the assessment for Assessment   Year   2006­07. The   reasons   which   have   been disclosed to the assessee for reopening the assessment are as follows : The   assessee   company   is   involved   in   general “

insurance   business,   hence   the   income   is   to   be assessed as per special provisions for assessment given in section 44. Section 44 provides that the total income of the assessee company has to be assessed as per the First Schedule of the Act.  The Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 5 wpl2560-11 insurance company in the business other than life insurance are to be assessed as per Rule 5 of the First Schedule and the company involved in life insurance business as per Rule 1 to 4 of the first Schedule.  On combined reading of section 44 and First Schedule it can be ascertained that no other sections  of   the   Act   applies   to   these   companies except   for   the   provisions   provided   in   the   First Schedule Rule 5. In view of this, the claim of the assessee for exemption of dividend income [u/s. 10(34)], interest on tax­free bonds [u/s. 10(15)] is not   according   to   law   and   deserves   to   be disallowed.   However, for this assessment year, in the assessment u/s. 143(3) of the Act, the above claims have been wrongly allowed.” The assessee submitted objections to the reopening of the assessment on 25 April 2011 which have been disposed of by an order dated 14 November 2011. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 6 wpl2560-11

6.

Learned   Counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the assessee submitted that : (i) During the course of assessment proceedings, the assessee   had   claimed   an   exemption   under   four clauses of Section 10 and had specifically placed reliance on a circular   of the Central Board of Direct Taxes dated 21 February 2006. The Assessing Officer brought his mind to bear on whether the assessee has fulfilled the conditions for the grant of   exemption   under   Section   10   and   specifically disallowed   the   claim   for   an   exemption   under Section 10 (38).  The exemptions under the other three clauses were allowed; (ii) The Assessing Officer had no new material and certainly   no   tangible   material   on   the   basis   of which   the   assessment   could   be   reopened   even Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 7 wpl2560-11 within the period  of four years.  As a matter of fact, the reasons which have been disclosed to the assessee state that in the assessment under Section 143 (3) exemptions have been wrongly allowed and this is reiterated in the order disposing of the objections which states that the Assessing Officer failed to correctly apply the statutory provisions. There is in the present case, it is urged, only a change of opinion and the Assessing Officer has purported to review his earlier decision, which is not permissible in view of the law laid down by the Supreme Court.

7.

On the other hand, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue urged that : (i) No case has been made out for exercise of the writ   juri iction   under   Article   226   of   the Constitution since it would be open to the assessee Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 8 wpl2560-11 following the reopening of the assessment to urge all   appropriate   contentions   before   the   Assessing Officer in regard to the entitlement of the assessee to claim an exemption under Section 10; (ii) The   exercise   of   the   writ   juri iction   is   not warranted   having   regard   to   the   factual   issues which arise; and (iii) Since   the   reopening   has   taken   place   within   a period of four years, there was no bar on the Assessing Officer reopening the assessment, once he comes to the conclusion that income had escaped assessment.

8.

The record before the Court discloses the fact that during the course of the assessment proceedings the Assessing Officer had brought his mind to bear on the issue as to whether the assessee which carries on the business of general Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 9 wpl2560-11 insurance is entitled to an exemption under Section 10. Both in the letter dated 25 October 2007 and in the subsequent communication   dated   22   November   2011   the   assessee   had relied upon a communication issued by the CBDT,  in response to a query, to the Chairperson of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA).  The communication is to the following effect : “ The undersigned is directed to refer to the write­up on the captioned subject submitted by you   during  the   month  to   the  Hon ble   Finance ’

Minister and Secretary (Revenue).

2.

It is clarified that the exemption available to any other assessee under any clause of section 10 of the Income­tax Act 1961 (including clause (38) of section 10 regarding long­term capital gains) is also available   to   a   person   carrying   on   non­life insurance   business   subject   to   fulfillment   of   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 10 wpl2560-11 conditions,   if   any,   under   a   particular   clause   of section   10   under   which   exemption   is   sought. General Insurance Companies are therefore, on par with other assesses who are entitled to or are eligible   for   exemption   under   section   10   of   the Income­tax Act of long­term capital gains.” The Assessing Officer  declined to grant the benefit of an exemption under Section 10(38) to the assessee on the ground that during the assessment year the assessee had carried on a regular business activity of trading in shares and was not an investor.  The exemptions under clauses (15), (23G) and (33) of Section 10 were however allowed.   The Assessing Officer, in the reasons which have been declared to the assessee for reopening  assessment  has now  taken  the  view  that  on  a combined reading of Section 44 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the First Schedule the position that emerges is that no other Section of the Act applies to a company which carries on general insurance business except the provisions contained Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 11 wpl2560-11 in Rule 5 of the First Schedule.  On this basis, it has been contended that the claims have been  wrongly allowed .   We “ ”

find merit in the contention of the Petitioner that the reasons which have been set out by the Assessing Officer constitute a mere change of opinion and there was no tangible material on the basis of which the assessment could be reopened.   Our reasons for this are now set out.

9.

Under   Section   147   the   Assessing   Officer   is empowered to reopen an assessment where he has reason to believe   that   any   income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped assessment   for   any  assessment   year.    Under   clause   (3)   of Explanation 2 the Legislature has set out cases where income chargeable   to   tax   is   deemed   to   have   escaped   assessment. Such cases include a case where an assessment is made but (i) income chargeable to tax has been underassessed; or (ii) such income has been assessed at too low a rate; or (iii) such income has been made the subject of excessive relief under the Act; or (iv) excessive loss or depreciation allowance or any Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 12 wpl2560-11 other allowance under the Act has been computed.  The power of the Assessing Officer to reopen an assessment even within a period of four years is structured.  Following the amendment of Section 147 by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987 with effect from 1 April 1989 Parliament has provided for only one   condition   for   exercise   of   the   power   to   reopen   an assessment within   four years which is that the Assessing Officer   has   reason   to   believe   that   income   has   escaped assessment.   While recognizing that after 1 April 1989 the power to reopen assessment is wider than before, the Supreme Court has held in Commissioner of Income­Tax v. Kelvinator of India Ltd, 1 that a  schematic interpretation  should be given “ ”

to the words  reason to believe  failing which Section 147 “ ”

would confer arbitrary power upon the Assessing Officer to reopen an assessment on the basis of a mere change of opinion.  In that context, Hon ble Mr. Justice S.H. Kapadia (as ’

the learned Chief Justice of India then was) speaking for  the Supreme Court held as follows : 1 [2010] 320 ITR 561 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 13 wpl2560-11 ....Therefore, post­ 1 “ st April, 1989, power to reopen is much wider.   However, one needs to give a schematic interpretation to the words  reason to “

believe  failing which, we are afraid, section 147 ”

would   give   arbitrary   powers   to   the   Assessing Officer   to   reopen   assessments   on   the   basis   of mere change of opinion , which cannot be per se “ ”

reason to reopen.  We must also keep in mind the conceptual difference between power to review and power to reassess.   The Assessing Officer has no power to review;   he has the power to reassess. But reassessment has to be based on fulfilment of certain   pre­conditions   and   if   the   concept   of change of opinion  is removed, as contended on “ ”

behalf of the Department, then, in the garb of reopening the assessment, review would take place. One   must   treat   the   concept   of   change   of “

opinion  as an in­built test to check abuse of ”

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Dmt 14 wpl2560-11 power by the Assessing Officer.   Hence, after 1st April,   1989,   the   Assessing   Officer   has   power   to reopen, provided there is  tangible material  to “ ”

come to the conclusion that there is escapement of income from assessment.  Reasons must have a live link with the formation of the belief.   Our view gets support from the changes made to section 147 of the Act, as quoted hereinabove.   Under the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act,1987, Parliament not only deleted the words  reason to believe  but “ ”

also inserted the word  opinion  in section 147 of “ ”

the Act.   However, on receipt of representations from the companies against omission of the words reason to believe , Parliament reintroduced the “ ”

said expression and deleted the word  opinion  on “ ”

the ground that it would vest arbitrary powers in the Assessing Officer.”

10.

In   the   present   case,   it   is   apparent   that   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 15 wpl2560-11 Assessing Officer had applied his mind to the claim of the assessee to exemption under clauses (15), (23G), (33) and (38) of Section 10. The exemption under clause (38) was specifically denied.   The   reasons for reopening the assessment merely postulate that the exemption under Section 10 was wrongly allowed.   This is clearly a situation where there is a change in opinion by the Assessing Officer.   There is no tangible material for the Assessing Officer to reopen the assessment.

11.

Section 44 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 stipulates as follows : 44. “ Notwithstanding   anything   to   the   contrary contained in the provisions of this Act relating to the computation of income chargeable under the head  Interest on securities ,  Income from house “ ” “

property ,  Capital gains  or  Income from other ” “ ” “

sources , or in section 199 or in sections 28 to ”

[43B], the profits and gains of any business of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 16 wpl2560-11 insurance, including any such business carried on by   a   mutual   insurance   company   or   by   a   co­ operative society, shall be computed in accordance with the rules contained in the First Schedule.” Section 44 provides that the profits and gains of any business of   insurance     of   a   mutual   insurance   company   shall   be computed in accordance with the rules in the First Schedule. Part  A  of the First Schedule containing Rules 1 to 4 deals ‘ ’

with profits of  life insurance business while Part B consisting of Rule 5 deals with computation of profits and gains of other insurance business.  Rule 5 provides as follows : 5. “ The   profits   and   gains   of   any   business   of insurance other than life insurance shall be taken to be the balance of the profits disclosed by the annual   accounts,   copies   of   which   are   required under the Insurance Act, 1938 (4 of 1938), to be furnished to the Controller of Insurance, subject to Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 17 wpl2560-11 the following adjustments :­ (a) subject to the other provisions of this rule, any expenditure or allowance [including any amount   debited   to   the   profit   and   loss account either by way of a provision for any tax, dividend, reserve or any other provision as   may   be   prescribed]   which   is   not admissible under the provisions of sections 30 to [43B] in computing the profits and gains of a business shall be added back; (b) [........] (c) such amount carried over to a reserve for unexpired risks as may be prescribed in this behalf shall be allowed as a deduction. ” The Assessing Officer has in the reasons for reopening the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 18 wpl2560-11 assessment proceeded on the premise that in computing the profits and gains of business for an assessee who carries on general insurance business no other section of the Act would apply and that the computation could be carried out only in accordance with Section 44 read with Rule 5 of the First Schedule.   In  Life Insurance Corporation of India, Bombay v. Commissioner   of   Income­Tax,   Bombay   City­III  2  a   Division Bench of this Court construed the provisions of Section 44 and of the First Schedule.  The assessee in that case which carried on life insurance business had made a claim to exemption under Section 10 (15) and Section 10 (1). In a reference before the   Court   the   questions   referred   included   whether   in computing the profits and gains of the business of insurance under Section 44 read with the First Schedule certain items which were ordinarily not includible in the total income were rightly included in the taxable surplus.   The Division Bench of this Court held as follows : 2 115 ITR 45 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 19 wpl2560-11 The   question   which   essentially   falls   to   be “

determined in this reference is whether, in view of the provisions in section 44 or rule 2 of the First schedule, the Life Insurance Corporation will not be entitled   to   claim   the   deductions   which   are otherwise admissible in the case of an assessee, computation of whose income is governed by the other provisions of the Act.  The argument of Mr. Kolah for the Life Insurance Corporation is that unless there are express provisions which disable the   Corporation   from   claiming   the   deductions referred   to   above,   the   Corporation   cannot   be deprived of the benefit of the provisions referred to in the questions Nos. 1 to 6. Section 44, which deals with computation  of  profits and gains of business of insurance, begins with a non­obstante clause, the effect of which is that the provisions of the   Act   relating   to   the   computation   of   income chargeable under the head  Interest on securities , “ ” Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 20 wpl2560-11 Income from house property ,  Capital gains  or “ ” “ ”

Income from other  sources  do not apply in the “ ”

case   of   computation   of   income   from   insurance business.  The effect of the non­obstante clause so far as the earlier part of section 44 is concerned, therefore, is that the provisions of section 44 will prevail   notwithstanding   the   fact   that   there   are contrary   provisions   in   the   Act   relating   to computation of income chargeable under the four heads mentioned in section 44. The only other overriding effect of section 44 is that its provisions operate notwithstanding the provisions of section 191 and of sections 28 to 43A.  Thus, the only effect of section 44 is that the operation of the provisions referred to therein is excluded in the case of an assessee who carries on insurance business and in whose case the provisions of rule 2 of the First Schedule are attracted.  If the deductions which are claimed by the assessee do not fall within the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 21 wpl2560-11 provisions which are referred to in section 44, it will have to be held that the applicability of those provisions   in   the   case   of   an   assessee   whose assessment is governed by section 44 read with rule 2 in the First Schedule is not excluded.” This judgment is sought to be distinguished by the Assessing Officer while disposing of the objections on the ground that the decision was rendered in the context of an assessee which carried on life insurance business to whom Rules 1 to 4 of the First Schedule applied whereas in the case of the assessee in this case which carries on general insurance business Rule 5 could apply.   According to the Assessing Officer, Rule 5 would not permit any adjustment to the balance of profit as per annual accounts prepared under the Insurance Act, and hence the judgment would not be applicable.   The Assessing Officer has clearly not noticed that the decision in  Life Insurance Corporation  (supra) though rendered in the context of an assessee which carries on life insurance business, followed an Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 22 wpl2560-11 earlier   decision   of   a   Division   Bench   of   this   Court   in Commissioner of Income­Tax v. New India Assurance Co. Ltd.,. 3 That was a case of an assessee which carried on non life insurance business. In New India Assurance Co. Ltd.,   the Division Bench dealt inter alia with the provisions of Section 10(7) of the Income Tax Act, 1922. The questions referred to this Court included whether the assessee was entitled to claim an exemption from tax under Section 15B and 15C (4) and in respect of interest on a government loan under a notification issued under Section  60. Section 10 (7) of the Income Tax Act,   1922   provided   that   notwithstanding   anything   to   the contrary contained in Section 8, 9, 10, 12 or 18, the profits and gains of any business of insurance and the tax payable thereon shall be computed in accordance with the rules contained in the Schedule to the Act.  The Division Bench held that upon the language of sub­section (7) of section 10 read along with rule 6 it was impossible to hold that the provisions relating to exemptions stood excluded from operation.  In that context the 3 [1969] 71 ITR 761 (Bom) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 23 wpl2560-11 Division Bench held as follows : It is only after the profits and gains of a business “

are   computed   that   any   question   of   granting exemptions   arises   and   if   the   latter   stage   were intended to be excluded by the law we should have thought that a clearer provision than is made in sub­section (7) of section 10 and in rule 6 would have been made.” In the subsequent judgment of the Division Bench in  Life Insurance Corporation  (Supra) the Division Bench noted that there was a difference in the language of section 10(7) of the Act of 1922 when compared with Section 44 of the Act of 1961 since Section 44 does not refer to the computation of tax but merely to the computation of profits and gains in the business of   insurance.     The   Division   Bench   held   that   this   would however not make any difference to the principle laid down by the Court in the earlier decision in the case of  New India Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 24 wpl2560-11 Assurance Co. Ltd.   Accordingly, the decision in Life Insurance Corporation  (Supra)   could   not   have   been   ignored   by   the Assessing Officer on the supposition that the decision was rendered in the context of an assessee who carried on life insurance  business and was,  therefore,  not  available  to  an assessee which carries on general insurance business.

12.

In  General   Insurance   Corporation   of   India   v. Commissioner of Income­Tax  4  the Supreme Court considered in an appeal arising out of a judgment of the High Court the issue as to whether a sum of Rs. 3 crores, being a provision for redemption of preference shares, was not liable to be added back in the total income of the assessee for Assessment Year 1977­78?.  The Supreme Court held that a plain reading of rule 5(a) of the First Schedule made it clear that in order to attract the applicability of the provision the amount should firstly be an expenditure or allowance and secondly it should be one not admissible under the provisions of section 30 to 43A.     The 4 [1999] 240 ITR 139 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 25 wpl2560-11 Supreme Court held that the sum of Rs. 3 crores in that case which   was   set   apart   as   a   provision   for   redemption   of preference   shares   could   not   have   been   treated   as   an expenditure and hence could not have been added back under rule 5 (a).  In that context, the Supreme Court held as follows : There   is   another   approach   to   the   same   issue. “

Section 44 of the Income­tax Act read with the rules contained in the First Schedule to the Act lays   down   an   artificial   mode   of   computing   the profits and gains of insurance business.   For the purpose of income­tax, the figures in the accounts of the assessee drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the First Schedule to the Income­tax Act   and   satisfying   the   requirements   of   the Insurance Act are binding on the Assessing Officer under the Income­tax Act and he has no general power to correct the errors in the accounts of an insurance   business   and   undo   the   entries   made Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 26 wpl2560-11 therein.” The question whether an assessee who carries on general insurance business would be entitled to  avail of an exemption under Section 10 did not arise. The issue as to whether the assessee which carries on the business of general insurance would   be   entitled   to   the   benefit   of   an   exemption   under clauses (15), (23G) and (33) of Section 10 is directly governed by the decision rendered by the Division Bench in Life Insurance Corporation vs. Commissioner of Income­tax (supra) following the earlier decision in  Commissioner of Income­tax vs. New India Assurance Co. Ltd. (supra).  The Assessing Officer could not have ignored the binding precedent contained in the two Division Bench decisions of this Court. Moreover, the Assessing Officer in allowing the benefit of the exemption in the order of assessment under Section 143(3) specifically relied upon the view   taken   by   the   CBDT   in   its   communication   dated   21 February 2006 to the Chairman of IRDA.  The communication clarifies that the exemption available to any other assessee Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 27 wpl2560-11 under any clauses of Section 10 is also available to a person carrying   on   non­life   insurance   business   subject   to   the fulfilment of the conditions, if any, under a particular clause of Section 10 under which exemption is sought.   It needs to be emphasised that it is not the case of the Assessing Officer that the assessee had failed to fulfil the condition which attached to the provisions of the relevant clauses of Section 10 in respect of which the exemption was allowed.  This of course is apart from clause (38) of Section 10 where the Assessing Officer had rejected the claim for exemption in the original order of assessment under Section 143 (3).   The Assessing Officer above all was bound by the communication of the CBDT. Having followed that in the order under Section 143 (3) he could not have taken a different view while purporting to reopen the assessment.  Having applied his mind    specifically to the issue and having taken a view on the basis of the communication   noted   earlier,   the   act   of   reopening   the assessment would have to be regarded as a mere change of opinion   which   has   also   not   been   based   on   any   tangible Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50

Dmt 28 wpl2560-11 material. Consequently, we hold that the reopening of the assessment is contrary to law.     The Petition would have, therefore, to be allowed.

13.

Rule is, therefore, made absolute by quashing and setting aside the notice dated 17 March 2011 reopening the assessment under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. In the circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs. (Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, J.)

(A. A. Sayed, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:55:50 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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