VOLTAS LIMITED vs. ASST. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX AND ORS.

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WP/312/2012HC Bombay15 February 2012Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA10 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the writ petition was allowed and the impugned notice dated March 30, 2011, was set aside. The Court reasoned that while the grounds for reopening might indicate an escapement of income, this alone is insufficient to validate reopening beyond four years. For reopening beyond four years, there must be a failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for the assessment. Neither the reasons communicated nor the order on objections contained any such allegation. The Court noted that the assessee had made a full disclosure, and subsequent judicial decisions or retrospective legislative amendments do not automatically imply a failure to disclose. The Court relied on its previous decisions in Sesa Goa Ltd. and Commissioner of Income Tax v. M/s. K. Mohan & Co. (Exports), and a recent judgment in DIL Limited v. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, which held that retrospective amendments do not, by themselves, establish a failure to disclose material facts. Therefore, the fundamental condition for reopening beyond four years was not met.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Voltas Limited, challenged a notice dated March 30, 2011, issued by the Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, seeking to reopen the assessment for Assessment Year (AY) 2004-05. The reopening was sought beyond the four-year period. The reasons for reopening were based on a subsequent ITAT Special Bench decision in DCIT Vs. Times Guaranty Ltd. (2010) concerning the set-off of unabsorbed depreciation for AY 1994-95 against AY 2005-06, and a retrospective amendment by the Finance Act, 2009, to Section 115JB regarding provisions for diminution in investment value and doubtful debts. The assessee's objections to the reopening were disposed of by the Assessing Officer, who confirmed the two grounds for reopening.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Assessing Officer had the jurisdiction to reopen the assessment for AY 2004-05 beyond a period of four years, given that the reasons for reopening were based on a subsequent ITAT decision and a retrospective legislative amendment, without any allegation of failure by the assessee to disclose material facts fully and truly? Assessee's contentions: - The jurisdictional condition for reopening beyond four years, requiring a failure to disclose material facts, was not fulfilled as there was no such allegation. - The assessee had made a full and true disclosure of material facts in its return for AY 2005-06. - Subsequent judicial decisions or legislative amendments, even with retrospective effect, cannot ipso facto lead to an inference of non-disclosure by the assessee. - Relied on Sesa Goa Ltd. v. Joint Commissioner of Income Tax and Commissioner of Income Tax v. M/s. K. Mohan & Co. (Exports). Revenue's contentions: - The Assessing Officer was within his jurisdiction to reopen the assessment beyond four years, considering the subsequent ITAT decision and the legislative amendment.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 115JB,Section 147,Section 32,Section 80HHC

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
PNP 1 WP312-15.2.sxw IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO.312 OF 2012 Voltas Limited ..Petitioner. versus Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Range/ Circle 7(3), Mumbai and another ..Respondents. ..... Mr. Percy J. Pardiwala, Senior Advocate with Mr. Nishant Thakkar and  Mr. Rajesh Poojari i/b Mulla & Mulla & Craigie Blunt & Caroe for the  Petitioner. Mr. Suresh Kumar for the Respondents. ......        CORAM :  DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD &         M.S. SANKLECHA, JJ.            15 February 2012.

ORAL JUDGMENT (Per DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.)  :

1.

The assessee seeks to challenge the validity of a notice issued on 30 March 2011 seeking to reopen an assessment for Assessment Year 2004­05. The reopening of the assessment is beyond a period of four years.

2.

The reasons which have been communicated to the assessee for reopening the assessment are as follows : In this case, the order dated 16.12.2009 giving effect to “

ITAT s order dated 10.07.2009 for A.Y.2005­06 was passed re­ ’ computing the income u/s. 115JB at Rs.59,54,59,577/­. In   this   order   set   off   of   brought   forward   unabsorbed depreciation of A.Y. 1994­95 of Rs.25,81,11,415/­ was given to the CNR No : HCBM020275352011 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 2 WP312-15.2.sxw assessee,   out   of   this   Rs.12,36,24,359/­   was   set   off   against Business Income , Rs.5,79,11,393/­ against  Income from House “ ” “

property , Rs.2,66,55,387/­ against  Income from Other Sources ” “ ” & Rs.4,99,20,276/­ against  Capital Gains . “ ” As per section 32 of Income Tax Act, 1961 unabsorbed depreciation can be carried forward for indefinite period and it can be set off against any heads of income except the income under the head salaries.  But unabsorbed depreciation relevant to A.Y. 1997­98 to A.Y. 2001­02 cannot be carried forward and set off against any other heads of income except income under the head business or profession for more than eight assessment years immediately succeeding the assessment year for which the loss was first computed.  Similarly, brought forward unabsorbed depreciation allowance for and upto A.Y.1996­97 which could not be set of upto A.Y. 1996­97 shall be carried forward for set off against income under any head for a maximum period of 8 Assessment Years starting from A.Y. 1997­98 upto A.Y. 2004­05. The above cited legal position was also confirmed by the special bench of ITAT Mumbai on 30.06.2010 in the case of DCIT Vs. Times Gyaranty Ltd. [ITA No.4917 & 4918/Mum/2008]. On perusal of the details, it is seen that while giving effect to ITAT s order, the income is computed u/s. 115JB at Rs. ’ 59,54,59,577/­.   However, no additions on account of provision for diminution in the value of investment  charged to Profit & Loss Account of Rs.2,61,30,260/­ and on account of provisions for doubtful debts/ advances of Rs.9,83,92,365/­ was made to the book profit declared by the assessee. For the purpose of section 115JB every company should prepare the Profit & Loss Account in  accordance with the provisions of Part II & III of Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956. In   was   also   laid   down   that   the   book   profit   can   be increased by the amount of deferred tax and the provisions there for was inserted by Finance Act, 2008 with retrospective effect from the Assessment Year 2001­02 and the amount or amounts set aside as provisions for diminution in the value of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 3 WP312-15.2.sxw any asset inserted by Finance Act, 2009 with retrospective effect from the Assessment Year 2001­02. Therefore, owing to the above mentioned reasonings there is under assessment of income to the tune of Rs.25,81,11,415/­ & Rs.12,45,22,625/­ respectively on the above mentioned issues.

Therefore I have reason to believe & I am satisfied that the income of the assessee chargeable to tax, has escaped assessment for A.Y. 2005­06. Proceedings u/s. 147 of the Act are

therefore required to be initiated.”

3.

The   assessee   submitted   its   objections   to   the   reasons communicated by the Assessing Officer.   The objections have been disposed of by an order dated 15 November 2011. From the order passed by the Assessing Officer on the objections raised by the assessee, the basis for reopening the assessment is confined to two issues.     The   first   issue   is   that   the   assessee   set   off   unabsorbed depreciation for Assessment Year 1994­95 amounting to Rs.25.81 Crores in Assessment Year 2005­06. In a judgment of its Special bench in DCIT v. Times Guaranty Ltd.  (ITA NO.4917 & 4918/Mumbai/2008 delivered   on   30   June   2010)   the   Tribunal   held   that   unabsorbed depreciation for the period upto 1996­97 could be carried forward and set off against the income from any head for a maximum period of eight assessment years.  Hence, according to the Assessing Officer the set off of unabsorbed depreciation for Assessment Year 1994­95 against the income of Assessment Year 2005­06 was not in accordance with law and consequently income has escaped assessment.   The second issue in relation to which the assessment is reopened is that while   giving   effect   to   the   order   of   the   Tribunal,   income   was computed under Section 115JB without any addition on account of provision for diminution in the value of investment and provision for Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 4 WP312-15.2.sxw doubtful debts / advances.  In this regard reliance has been placed on a subsequent amendment made by the Finance Act of 2009 with retrospective effect from 1 April 2001. According to the Assessing Officer since the amendment to Section 115JB has been brought about with retrospective effect from 1 April 2001, the Assessing Officer was ipso facto entitled to issue a notice under Section 148 since the relevant income by way of diminution in the value of assets / investments which was required to be added back has not been brought to tax.

4.

The submission of learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee is that – (i) Ex facie, neither the reasons which have been communicated to the assessee   nor the grounds which have been adduced for rejecting   the   objections   of   the   assessee   contain   even   an allegation that there was a failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for the assessment.     Consequently,   the   juri ictional   condition   for reopening an assessment beyond a period of four years has not been fulfilled; (ii) The record before the Court would show that there was a complete and full disclosure by the assessee of the basis of its claim in the return of income that was filed for Assessment Year 2005­06; (iii)The   judgment   of   the   Special   bench   of   the   Tribunal   was delivered on 30 June 2010 which was after the assessment order Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 5 WP312-15.2.sxw for Assessment Year 2005­06 which was issued on 31 December 2007. Similarly, the amendment to Section 115JB was brought in by the Finance Act of 2009, though with retrospective effect from 1 April 2001. A subsequent judicial decision and for that matter a subsequent legislative amendment cannot ipso facto

result in an inference of a failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for the assessment.   Since the reopening has taken place beyond a period of  four  years, the validity of  the reopening  of  the assessment depends upon the fulfillment of the requirement that there must be a failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose the material facts which is absent in the present case.

5.

On the other hand, counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue submitted that the Assessing Officer was within his juri iction, even beyond   a   period   of   four   years   in   having   due   regard   to   the subsequent decision of the Special bench of the Tribunal and to the legislative amendment brought about by the Finance Act of 2009 though this was after the order of assessment.

6.

Before   we   deal   with   the   rival   submissions,   it   would   be necessary to advert to the material on the record.  By a letter dated 26 October 2005 the assessee while enclosing its return of income for Assessment Year 2005­06 forwarded inter alia (i) the report of its auditor under Section 115JB(4) in respect of its MAT computation and (ii) the tax audit report under Section 44AB.  In the computation of income, the assessee added back to its profit before taxation the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 6 WP312-15.2.sxw provision for diminution in the value of investment and increase in the provision for doubtful debts and advances, charged to the Profit & Loss Account.   This was a part of the normal computation of income by the assessee.   The assessee effected a set off of the business loss brought forward from Assessment Year 1999­2000 and 2000­01 against its business income.  Similarly, the assessee made a set off of its unabsorbed depreciation for Assessment Year 1994­95 against the business income, income from house property, capital gains and income from other sources.  The tax audit report which was furnished together with the return of income provided details of the brought forward loss and of the depreciation allowance in Exhibit H.  Exhibit H provided under the head of depreciation an amount as assessed of Rs.67.50 Crores.  Similarly, in the Profit and Loss Accounts of   the   assessee   for   the   year   ending   31   March   2005,   the   total investments were reflected at Rs.60.19 Crores while there was  a provision for diminution in value to the extent of Rs.13.97 Crores. Schedule   H  contained  a   provision   for  doubtful  debts  of   Rs.26.15 Crores.

7.

During the course of the assessment proceedings, a notice was issued to the assessee on 9 February 2007 requiring inter alia a disclosure of details for provisions made, which were claimed as a deduction during the year.  By a separate notice dated 19 June 2007 the assessee was called upon to furnish a list of accounts for which a provision for doubtful debts and advances was charged to the Profit and Loss Account.

8.

The   Assessing   Officer   made   his   order   of   assessment   for Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 7 WP312-15.2.sxw Assessment Year 2005­06 on 31 December 2007. The total income of the assessee was computed by setting off unabsorbed depreciation against the business profits, income from house property and income from other sources.  A total amount of Rs.71.07 Crores, was set off as unabsorbed   depreciation,   while   a   balance   of   Rs.47.35   Crores   was carried forward.

9.

The assessment for Assessment Year 2005­06 is sought to be reopened beyond a period of four years of the end of the relevant assessment year.  Both the grounds which have been formulated by the Assessing Officer for reopening the assessment pertain to events which have taken place after the order of assessment was passed. The first of those is the judgment of the Special bench of the Tribunal which was delivered on 30 June 2010, according to which unabsorbed depreciation for the period upto 1996­97 could be carried forward   and   set   off   against   the   income   under   any   head  for   a maximum period of eight assessment years.  Consequently according to   the   Assessing   Officer   unabsorbed   depreciation   pertaining   to Assessment Year 1994­95 could not have been set off against the income for Assessment Year 2005­06. The second of those events is a legislative amendment brought about by the Finance Act of 2009 with retrospective effect from 1 April 2001. According to the Assessing Officer   income   was   computed   under   Section   115JB   without   any addition being made on account of provision for diminution in the value of investment and provision for doubtful debts and advances. Both the reasons which have been indicated by the Assessing Officer may be  reflective of the fact that there is an escapement of income. But, that in itself is not sufficient to validate the reopening of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 8 WP312-15.2.sxw assessment beyond a period of four years.  Beyond a period of four years,   the   power   of   the   Assessing   Officer   is   structured   by   the requirement that there must be a failure on the part of the assessee to   fully   and   truly   disclose   all   material   facts   necessary   for   the assessment.  Neither the reasons which have been communicated to the assessee nor for that matter the order passed on the objections raised contains any allegation or statement that there has been a failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly material facts necessary for the assessment.  While a subsequent decision of a Court   or   a   legislative   amendment   enforced   after   the   order   of assessment   may   legitimately   give   rise   to   an   inference   of   an escapement of income,   before the Assessing Officer proceeds to reopen an assessment after the expiry of  four years of the end of the relevant Assessment Year, he must  nonetheless apply his mind to the fundamental question as to whether there has been a failure to disclose on the part of the assessee.  In the present case, ex facie there is no such allegation.  Moreover, the return of income and the material placed on the record by the assessee together with the return would make it abundantly clear that the assessee had set forth the basis of its claim and there was no suppression of material facts. In   these   circumstances,   and   for   the   reasons   that   are   stated hereinabove, we are of the view that the fundamental condition for reopening the assessment beyond a period of four years has not been fulfilled. 9A. In  Sesa Goa Ltd. v. Joint Commissioner of Income Tax1, a Division Bench of this Court has held that a subsequent decision of a Court cannot justify the reopening of an assessment after a period of 1 (2007) 294 ITR 101 (Bom). Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 9 WP312-15.2.sxw four years by itself, as the subsequent decision would not necessarily mean that there was a failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts.  In Commissioner of Income Tax v. M/s. K. Mohan & Co. (Exports) (Income Tax Appeal (Lodg.) 2347 of 2010 and 1263 of 2011 decided on 1 July 2011), a Division Bench of this Court dealt with an appeal arising from a decision of the Tribunal   cancelling   reassessment   proceedings   initiated   by   the Assessing Officer beyond a period of four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year.  The assessment was sought to be reopened as   a   result   of   a   retrospective   amendment   to   Section   80HHC introduced by the Taxation Laws Amendment Act 2005 with effect from 1 April 1998. The Division Bench held that if the legislature amends the provisions of the Act with retrospective effect, it cannot be said that there was a failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts relevant for the purposes of assessment.  A similar view was taken by the Division Bench in its recent judgment dated 24 January 2012 in DIL Limited v. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax (Writ Petition (Lodg.) No.2786 of 2011) dealing with the retrospective amendment of Section  115JB  by the Finance Act of 2009 with effect from 1 April 2001. The Division Bench noted that clause (i)  of  explanation  1 was introduced  to include the amount or amounts set aside as provision for diminution in the value of investment.  In view of the retrospective amendment of law by Parliament, the Court held that the Assessing Officer may have reason to believe that income has escaped assessment.  But that in itself was not held to be sufficient for reopening an assessment beyond a period of four years unless there was a failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25

PNP 10 WP312-15.2.sxw

10.

Rule   is   accordingly   made   absolute   by   setting   aside   the impugned notice dated 30 March 2011. There shall be no order as to costs. (Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, J.) (M.S. Sanklecha, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:25 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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