THE CCOMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX -V PUNE vs. FINOLEX CABLES LTD.

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ITXA/129/2011HC Bombay01 March 2012Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA10 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court admitted the appeal on the second and third questions of law and disposed of it by answering both in the affirmative. Regarding the first question, the Court noted that the Tribunal had already decided a similar issue for AY 1993-94 with identical facts and remitted it back to the Commissioner (Appeals) for re-examination. Since the Revenue could not point out any factual distinction or challenge to the earlier decision, the Court found no substantial question of law arising on the first issue. For the second and third issues, the Court upheld the Tribunal's finding that Urse Unit-II was a separate, identifiable, and integrated unit. The reasoning was based on substantial investment (Rs. 7.44 crores in AY 1994-95), installation of new plant and machinery, construction of a new building, and a significant increase in production capacity (60%). The Court relied on Supreme Court decisions in Textile Machinery Corporation Ltd. and Indian Aluminum, and its own decision in CIT v. Associated Cement Companies Ltd., which established that an expansion of an existing unit does not disentitle an assessee to relief if the newly established unit is itself an integrated, independent unit capable of production. The Court found the Tribunal's findings of fact, supported by evidence of substantial investment, new machinery, independent operation, and increased capacity, were not perverse and did not warrant re-appreciation. Therefore, the depreciation on Urse-II was not required to be adjusted against Urse-I's profits for the purpose of Section 80IB deduction.

What were the facts?

The Revenue (Commissioner of Income Tax-V, Pune) appealed against an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) dated August 16, 2007, concerning Assessment Year 1994-95. The appeal challenged the ITAT's decision regarding the allocation of expenses and the classification of Urse Unit-II as a separate, identifiable, and integrated unit. The assessee, Finolex Cables Ltd., had set up Unit-I at Urse in the previous year relevant to AY 1990-91 and claimed deduction under Section 80I. For AY 1994-95, the assessee claimed to have set up a separate Unit-II at Urse, with trial runs conducted in the relevant previous year. The Assessing Officer (AO) considered Unit-II an expansion of Unit-I, requiring its depreciation to be adjusted against Unit-I's profits for deduction computation. The Commissioner (Appeals) and subsequently the ITAT accepted the assessee's claim that Unit-II was a separate, independent, and viable unit.

What were the issues?

The Tribunal had to decide three questions of law: 1. Whether the Tribunal was justified in not accepting the Assessing Officer's allocation of expenses to the Urse-1 Unit, which was eligible for deduction under Section 80IB, despite the AO providing reasons for proportional low allocation to increase the unit's profit for deduction computation. 2. Whether the Tribunal was justified in holding that Urse Unit-II was a separate identifiable integrated unit, even though the Annual Report described it as an expansion of the existing Urse-1 Unit. 3. Whether the Tribunal was justified in not allowing depreciation of Rs. 1,00,14,550 on plant & machinery of Urse-II to be adjusted against Urse-1 Unit's profits for Section 80IB deduction, given that Urse-II was merely an extension of Urse-1 Unit. Assessee's Contentions: The assessee argued that Unit-II fulfilled the criteria for a new industrial undertaking eligible for deduction under Section 80I, provided it was an independent integrated unit, capable of producing goods by itself, involved substantial investment, was not a reconstruction of the existing business, and resulted in increased production capacity. Revenue's Contentions: The revenue contended that Unit-II was an expansion of Unit-I, located on the same plot, producing the same goods, without a separate balance sheet or license, as indicated by the Directors' report. They argued that this constituted a substantial expansion of the existing unit.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 260A,Section 80IB,Section 80I,Section 15C

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
*1* itxa.129.11.906.con.sxw kps HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION  INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.129 OF 2011 The Commissioner of Income Tax­V, Pune. ..Appellant ­versus­ Finolex Cables Ltd.. ..Respondent ............ Mr.Vimal Gupta, for the Appellant. Mr.S.N.Inamdar,   Senior   Advocate   with   Mr.Mihir   Naniwadekar,   for   the  Respondent. ............ CORAM :  DR. D.Y.CHANDRACHUD  &                                M.S.SANKLECHA, JJ.       Date :  MARCH 1, 2012.

ORAL JUDGMENT (Per Dr.D.Y.Chandrachud, J.): 1 This is an appeal by the Revenue under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 from an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal dated 16 August 2007. The Appeal pertains to Assessment Year 1994­95. The questions of law raised by the Revenue, as reframed by the learned counsel are as follow:­ (1) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was justified in not accepting the allocation of expenses made by the Assessing Officer to the Urse­1 Unit, which was eligible for deduction u/s 80IB,   even   though   the   Assessing   Officer   had   given detailed reasons to show that the allocation of expenses to   the   Urse­1   Unit   was   kept   proportionally   low   to increase the profit of the Urse­1 Unit for the purpose of CNR No : HCBM020085922010 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*2* computation of deduction u/s 80IB? (2) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was justified in holding that the Urse Unit­II was a separate identifiable integrated unit by itself even though the Annual Report of the Assessee Company mentions Urse II Unit as an expansion of the existing Urse 1 Unit? (3) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case and in   law   the   Tribunal   was   justified   in   not   allowing depreciation amounting to Rs.1,00,14,550/­ on plant & machinery pertaining to the Urse­II Unit to be adjusted against the profits of the Urse­1 Unit for the purpose of computation of deduction u/s 80IB even though the Urse­II  Unit   was   merely   an   extension   of  the   Urse­1 Unit? 2 Leave is  granted  to  the  Revenue  to  amend   the  memo  of appeal so as to incorporate the questions of law in terms of the draft tendered to the Court, which is marked “X” for identification. 3 Insofar as the first question is concerned, the order of the Tribunal indicates that the allocation of expenses made by the Assessing Officer to Urse Unit­I was decided by the Tribunal in the case of the Assessee for Assessment Year 1993­94 in a decision dated 31 July 2007. The facts relating to the appeal for Assessment Year 1994­95, according to the Tribunal, were identical. Hence, in terms of the earlier decision, the Tribunal remitted back the entire issue with regard to the allocation of expenses to the file of the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) who was  directed to re­examine the issue  having  regard to  the  directions Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*3* contained in a decision of the Tribunal for Assessment Year 1993­94. Learned   counsel   appearing   for   the   Revenue   is   not   in   a position to state before the Court that there is any factual distinction in regard to the Assessment Year in question in the present year or that the earlier decision of the Tribunal for Assessment Year 1993­94 has been challenged by the Revenue. In that view of the matter, we do not consider any substantial question of law would arise on the first question. 5 The Appeal is admitted on the second and third questions and by consent, is taken up for hearing and final disposal. 6 The Assessee set up Unit­I at Urse during the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1990­91. The deduction under Section 80I was  allowed  to that  Unit  from Assessment  Year 1991­92. During the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1994­95, the Assessee claimed to have set up a separate industrial undertaking at Urse, described as Unit­II.   According   to   the   Assessee,   trial­runs   of   the   new   unit   were conducted in the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1994­95 and the Unit began to manufacture the goods in the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1995­96. 7 The Assessing Officer came to the conclusion that the Unit at Urse which was described as Unit­II was in fact an expansion of the existing unit, Unit­I. Consequently, the depreciation of Unit­II at Urse, according to the Assessing Officer, was required to be considered for working out the profit of Unit­I while computing the deduction under Section 80I. 8 In   Appeal,   the   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   (Appeals) accepted the claim of the Assessee by holding that (i) The Assessee had submitted a flow chart showing various stages involved in manufacturing of Jelly Filled Cables; and (ii) The Assessee had also filed details of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*4* investments made in the plant and machineries for the years ending 1994 and 1997. The Commissioner entered a finding of fact that the machinery, which was installed at the Unit which was described as Unit­II, is working independently and that a considerable amount has been spent to install ancillary   machineries   to   increase   production   capacity   there.   The Commissioner   held   that   the   new   Unit   could   be   sustained   as   an independent viable unit by itself. 9 In   Appeal,   the   Tribunal   confirmed   the   decision   of   the Commissioner.   The   Tribunal   noted   that   (i)   The   entire   process   of manufacturing including the stages and machineries required at each of the stages was explained to it; (ii) The Tribunal had scrutinized the details of the plant and machineries installed in order to bring into existence a new unit and the costs incurred for that purpose; (iii) The process chart showing different stages of manufacturing in the new Unit indicating material   inputs   and   machineries   required,   was   on   record;   (iv)   The machineries installed in the new Unit from Assessment Year 1994­95 and thereafter as well as the value of machineries installed is on record; and (v) The Tribunal was apprised of the funds which were invested for the purposes of the new Unit. During Assessment Year 1994­95, an amount of Rs.7.44 crores was invested. After considering this record, the Tribunal held that a new Unit, called Urse Unit­II, was brought into existence during the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1994­95 by investing substantial funds and by establishing a new plant and machineries. The Tribunal was of the view that Urse Unit­II is a separate identifiable Unit by itself wherein articles are produced. This finding of the Tribunal has been called into question in the present appeal. 10 Learned counsel appearing for the Revenue submitted that what has been described as Unit­II was put up on the same plot of land Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*5* adjacent to the existing Unit and produces the same goods, Jelly Filled Cables. No separate balance sheet is maintained. No separate licence has been obtained and a report of the Directors which was relied upon by the Assessing Officer showed that there was a substantial expansion of the existing unit. 11 On   the   other   hand,   it   has   been   urged   on   behalf   of   the Assessee by learned Senior Counsel that it is not in dispute that Unit­II at Urse constitutes a substantial expansion of the existing unit. Moreover, it has not been disputed that the Unit produces the same product as that in Unit­I. However, the submission is that this does not disable the Assessee from claiming the benefit of the deduction under the provisions of Section 80I as they stood so long as (i) The new unit is an independent integrated unit;   (ii)   The   unit   which   has   been   newly   established   is   capable   of producing articles or goods by itself; (iii) There has been substantial investment of funds into the new unit; (iv) The new unit has not been formed by reconstruction of the existing business, but a new plant and machineries have been installed; and (v)  There  has been increase in production capacity as a result of the new unit. These requirements, according to the Assessee, have been fulfilled. 12 The issue which arises before the Court in the appeal is not res­integra. In Textile Machinery Corporation Ltd. v/s Commissioner of Income Tax, West Bengal1, the Supreme Court considered the ambit of the exemption that was available under the provisions of Section 15C(2) (i) of the Income Tax Act, 1922. The Supreme Court held that Section 15C had   both   a   negative   and   a   positive   connotation.   Negatively,   a   new industrial undertaking should not be formed either by splitting up or reconstruction of a business already in existence or transferring to a new business,   the   building,   plant   and   machinery   which   was   used   in   the 1 [1977] 107 ITR 195 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*6* business carried out earlier. Positively, a new industrial undertaking must produce   a   result.   The   five   tests   which   have   been   laid   down   by   the Supreme Court are as follows:­ “(1) investment of substantial fresh capital in the industrial undertaking set up; (2) employment of requisite labour therein; (3) manufacture   or   production   of   articles   in   the   said undertaking; (4) earning of profits clearly attributable to the said new undertaking; and (5) above   all,   a   separate   and   distinct   identity   of   the industrial unit set up.” 13 The   following   principles   of   law   clearly   emerge   from   the decision of the Supreme Court:­ (i) There must be a new undertaking where substantial investment of fresh capital is made in order to enable earning of profit attributable to that new capital; (ii) The manufacturing or production of articles yielding additional profit attributable to a new outlay of capital in a separate and distinct unit is the heart of the matter; (iii) The   true   test   is   not   whether   a   new   industrial undertaking   connotes   expansion   of   the   existing business, but whether it is all the same a new and identifiable undertaking separate and distinct from the existing business; (iv) If an undertaking can exist even after cessation of the principal business of the Assessee, it cannot but be a new and separate business or undertaking; (v) There must be a new undertaking which constitutes an integrated unit by itself; Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*7* (vi) A   new   unit   must   be   set   up   with   new   plant   and machinery; and (vii) The fact that a Unit produces the same commodity does not   disentitle   the   Assessee   to   the   benefit   of   the deduction. 14 On   the   same   day,   as   the   decision   in  Textile   Machinery Corporation Ltd. (supra), the same Bench of the Supreme Court decided an appeal in  Commissioner of Income Tax, West Bengal v/s Indian Aluminum   Co.   Ltd.

2.

The   decision   in  Indian   Aluminum  (supra)   is significant   because   in   that   case   the   Assessee,   which   had   four manufacturing centres for manufacture of aluminum ingots, had during the course of the accounting year relevant to the Assessment Year made a fresh   outlay   of   capital   at   one   more   centre   besides   which   additional investments were made in the form of extension to the existing factory premises where a new plant and machinery was installed. The Tribunal held that as a result, the production of aluminum ingots doubled and that in view of the nature of the substantial investments it could not be said that the unit was not a new unit. These units were set up side by side with the old ones and added to the Assessee’s total output. The Supreme Court followed   its   decision   in  Textile   Machinery   Corporation  (supra)   and dismissed   the   appeal   of   the   Revenue.  Indian   Aluminum  (supra), therefore, was a case where the claim of the Assessee was upheld on the basis of the substantial investments made by the Assessee, resulting in a significant increase in the capacity of production though the new unit was involved in the production of the same goods. The test was that a new unit was a separate industrial undertaking by itself. 15 In   a   decision   of   a   Division   Bench   of   this   Court   in 2 [1977] 108 ITR 367 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*8* Commissioner of Income Tax v/s Associated Cement Companies Ltd.3, the Assessee had installed new kilns at each of its four factories. The Division Bench while allowing the claim of the Assessee under Section 15C of the Income Tax Act, 1922 held as follows:­ “There can be no doubt that the construction of each of the new kilns at each of the four factories has resulted in an expansion of the factory itself. That by itself would, however, not disentitle the assessee to the relief under S. 15C. Establishment of a new industrial unit as a part of an   already   existing   industrial   establishment   may   no doubt   result   in   an   expansion   of   the   industry   or   the factory,   but   if   the   newly   established   unit   is   itself   an integrated   independent   unit   in   which   new   plant   and machinery is put up and is itself, independently of the old unit, capable of production of goods, then, in our view, it could   be   classified   as   a   newly   established   industrial undertaking.” 16 The facts on the basis of which this conclusion was arrived at were dealt with by the Division Bench in the following extract:­ “The   facts   which   we   have   referred   to   earlier   clearly establish that the new kilns are a completely integrated unit which could be put into production independently of the other units or production therefrom can cease without affecting the production from the other kilns. There is also no doubt that all these four kilns at the four different factories   have   been   established   with   the   plant   and machinery newly purchased and required exclusively for the purposes of these new kilns. Thus, even though the business or the industrial establishment as a whole has been expanded by the addition of a new klin, each new kiln by itself would, in our view, clearly constitute a new industrial undertaking within the meaning of s.15C of the Indian I.T. Act, 1922.” 3 [1979] 118 ITR 406 (Bom) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*9* In the present case, it is in this background that the decision of the Tribunal would have to be assessed. The order of the Assessing Officer in the present case takes note of the following facts:­ (i) The Assessee had constructed a building on existing land in which equipment was installed in the month of December, 1993; (ii) Since trial­runs  were conducted during  the  year, no balance­sheets   or   profit   and   loss   account   were prepared; (iii) The Capacity of Urse Unit­I had been expanded. 18 The Commissioner (Appeals) was apprised of the relevant facts pertaining to deployment of capital. The total deployment of capital in the Urse­II Unit upto Assessment Year 1996­97 was to the extent of Rs.

33.

80 Crores including Rs.8.93 Crores upto Assessment Year 1994­95, being the year under consideration. This was juxtaposed with the initial capital   outlay   of   Rs.12.71   Crores   in   Urse­I   Unit   in   1990­91. The Commissioner noted the submission of the Assessee to the effect that Urse­II Unit, which was set up, resulted in an increase of installed capacity of Jelly Filled Cables by 60%. The Commissioner entered a finding of fact that there was investment in plant and machinery; that the machinery was working independently; and that having regard to the stages involved in manufacturing   Jelly   Filled   Cables,   the   new   Unit   was  an   independent viable unit by itself. 19 The Tribunal has duly applied its mind to the evidence on record. The material on the record before the Tribunal and which has been considered in some detail is sufficient to sustain the finding of fact that:­ (i) There was a substantial investment of funds in the Unit which Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19

*10* was set up in the previous year relevant to the Assessment Year 1994­95; (ii) New plant and machinery was installed; (iii) The Unit was housed in a new building constructed at site and was an independent viable Unit capable of producing goods manufactured by itself; and (iv) There was a substantial increase in the capacity of production. On these findings of fact which have not been shown to be perverse, the final conclusion of the Tribunal would not fall for reappreciation or reconsideration. Accordingly, we dispose of the Appeal by answering both questions of law in the affirmative. There shall be no order as to costs. (Dr.D.Y.Chandrachud, J.) (M.S.Sanklecha, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:45:19 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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