ACCRA INVESTMENTS PVT. LTD. vs. THE INCOME TAX OFFICER RANGE 3(1) (1)

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ITXA/953/2012HC Bombay06 September 2013Author: HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA23 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held in favor of the assessee on both substantial questions of law. Regarding the first question, the Court found that the investment in MABL shares, made for acquiring control over the business and held for 31 months with restrictions on transferability, should be considered a capital asset and not stock-in-trade. The Court reasoned that the Tribunal's findings that the purchase was for trading were perverse. Specifically, the Tribunal's reasoning that purchasing shares at a price higher than book value indicated trading was rejected, as investors might pay a premium for strategic value. Similarly, the Tribunal's conclusion that using borrowed funds negated an investment intent was also found perverse, as capital assets can be acquired with borrowed funds, and the source of funds does not determine the nature of the asset. The Court also found the Tribunal's reasoning regarding the appellant's right to appoint a manager to be perverse, stating that the need for consultation does not negate the managerial authority. Consequently, the appeal was allowed, and the Tribunal's order was set aside. The notice of motion for stay of recovery was also disposed of as it did not survive.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Accra Investments Private Ltd., is appealing against an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal) for the assessment year 2006-07. The appeal concerns the taxability of gains arising from the sale of 30,70,000 shares in M/s. Millennium Alcobev Private Limited (MABL). The assessee declared these gains as long-term capital gains, claiming deduction under Section 54EC. The Assessing Officer (AO) held that the gains were taxable as business income, not capital gains. The CIT(A) allowed the assessee's appeal, but the Tribunal reversed this decision. The High Court admitted the appeal on substantial questions of law. During the pendency of the appeal, the assessee filed a notice of motion for stay of recovery, which was disposed of by the court. Subsequently, the assessee amended the appeal to challenge an order dismissing its miscellaneous application, but no substantial questions of law were raised concerning that order. The parties then requested the appeal itself be heard.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in law, an investment made in the shares of a private limited company for acquiring control over its business can be considered stock-in-trade and not a capital asset, especially when the shares were not freely transferable and held for 31 months? 2. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal's finding that the appellant purchased shares of MABL with the object of trading and not as a capital asset is perverse and unreasonable? Assessee's Contentions: - The investment in MABL shares was a strategic investment to acquire control over the business, not for trading. - The shares were not freely transferable and were held for 31 months, indicating an intention to hold as a capital asset. - The Tribunal's findings were perverse, as no reasonable person could conclude the shares were held for trading based on the facts. - The Tribunal erred in considering the subscription from borrowed funds and the price paid relative to book value as indicators of trading. - The right to appoint a manager, even if requiring consultation, signifies control and an investment motive. Revenue's Contentions: - The Tribunal's finding that the shares were purchased for trading was based on cogent reasons. - The subscription to shares at a price higher than book value and from borrowed funds indicated a trading motive. - The limited right to appoint a manager did not constitute control sufficient to classify the shares as a capital asset.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 260A,Section 54EC,Section 28(ii),Section 147,Section 254(2)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ASN 1 ITXA--953-12 .doc IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY  ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION   INCOME TAX APEAL NO.953 OF 2012    Accra Investments Private Ltd. 402­A, Bhaktawar, Shahid Bhagatsingh Road,  Opp.Colaba Post Office, Mumbai 400 005. ..Appellant. vs. The Income Tax Officer, Range­3(1)(1), Mumbai, R.No.666, 6th floor, Aaykar Bhavan, M.K.Road, Mumbai 400020. ..Respondent. Mr. J.D. Mistri, Senior Advocate with Mr. V. Murlidharan and Mr.  Atul K. Jasani for the Appellant.  Mr. A.R. Malhotra for the  Respondent.                   CORAM :   MOHIT  S. SHAH, C.J. AND           M.S. SANKLECHA, JJ.  Reserved on      : 27 August, 2013                Pronounced on : 06 September 2013

JUDGMENT: (Per  M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) This appeal under Section 260A of the  Income Tax Act, 1961 ( “the Act”) from the order dated 25 April 2012 of the Income   Tax   Appellate   Tribunal   (“the   Tribunal”)   relates   to assessment year 2006­07. 2) On 25 September 2012 this appeal was admitted on the following substantial questions of law:­ CNR No : HCBM020210402012 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

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1) Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances   of   the   case   and   in   law,   an investment   made   in   the   shares   of   a   private limited   company   for   purposes   of   acquiring control over the business conducted by it, can be said to be stock­in­trade and not a capital asset especially when the shares were not freely transferable and were held by the assessee for 31 months? 2) Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances   of   the   case   and   in   law,   the Tribunal's   finding   that   the   appellant   had purchased   the   shares   of   Millennium   Alcobev Pvt. Ltd. with the object of trading in them and not to hold as a capital asset is perverse and such that no person reasonably instructed as to the facts and the law could come to? 3) While this appeal was pending, the appellant took out a   notice   of   motion   being   Notice   of   Motion   No.2189   of   2012 seeking a stay on the  recovery of the disputed tax and interest, payable consequent to the impugned order dated  25 April 2012. This Court by order  dated 15 January 2013 disposed of the above notice of motion staying the recovery of the disputed tax and interest till the appellant's Miscellaneous  Application filed under Section 254(2) of the Act was disposed of by the Tribunal. 4) On 10 May 2013, the Miscellaneous  Application filed by the appellant under Section 254(2) of the Act was dismissed by Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN the Tribunal. The appellant thereafter amended the present appeal and also challenged the order dated 10 May 2013 dismissing the Miscellaneous Application. However, no substantial questions of law have been raised by the appellant  as arising out of the order dated  10 May 2013 on its Miscellaneous Application. 5) While   amending   its   memorandum   of   appeal     the appellant   took out another   notice of motion being Notice of Motion   Lodging   No.1135   of   2013   seeking   stay   of   recovery   of disputed tax and interest aggregating to Rs.6.46 crores till the disposal of the appeal. When this second  notice of motion came up for hearing, Counsel for both the sides   requested that the appeal itself  be taken up for hearing  as the controversy is within a narrow compass viz.   whether the profit made on sale of shares by the appellant was chargeable  to tax under the head of capital gains  or  under  the   head  of  profits  and  gains  of   business. We acceded to the joint request of the Counsel, heard the appeal  and are  finally disposing the appeal  by this order. 6) Brief facts leading to this appeal are as under:­ (a) The appellant assessee is a private limited company inter alia engaged in the business of investments having  dividend, interest and capital gains as its sources of income 99.99% of the appellant's share holding is held by one Mr. R. K. Jain. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN (b) For   the   assessment   year   2006­07,   the   appellant assessee had declared long term capital gains at Rs.9,64,26,643/­ after indexation arising from sale of 30,70,000  shares in one M/s. Millennium Alcobev Private Limited (“M/s. MABL”) an unlisted company.   The above shares were sold by the appellant to the other   two   shareholders   of   M/s.   MABL   i.e.     M/s.   Scottish   & Newcastle   (S&N) and United Breviaries Ltd.(UB). The appellant in its return of income claimed benefit of deduction of the entire capital gains as the same was invested in specified bonds under Section 54EC of the Act. The appellant had invested a sum of Rs.6,54,28,660/­ in M/s. MABL in the   assessment year 2004­ 05(May   2003)   and   sold   it   for   Rs.16,66,60,000/­   during   the assessment year 2006­07 (December 2005). (c) During the course of assessment proceedings, it was noticed that  M/s. MABL is a private limited company engaged in the business of brewing and distribution of beer in India, Bhutan and   Nepal.       M/s.   MABL   was   having   manufacturing   facilities spread over  all over the country. On 16 May 2002 two agreements namely Subscription agreement and Shareholders Agreement were entered between S&N, UB and the appellant inter alia   laying down the ground rules of their inter se  relationship  as  the only shareholders of   M/s. MABL. The above Shareholders agreement include the right of the appellant to be  appointed Manager of M/s. MABL.   Pursuant to the above agreements all the above three Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN shareholders   contributed by subscription to the share capital of M/s.   MABL   in   May   2003   i.   e.   assessment   year   2004­05. The contribution of   S&N and UB was by subscribing to 40% of the issued equity share of  M/s. MABL at share price of Rs.87.95 per share   and   Rs.35.83   per   share   respectively   while   the   appellant subscribed to  20% of the issued equity  shares  of  M/s. MABL  at a price of Rs.21.30 per share. (d) The Assessing Officer by order dated 29 December 2009   held   that   the   amounts   earned   on   sale   of   shares   by   the appellant would be taxable under the head profit and gains of business   and not under the head capital gains. This was after negating the appellant's contention that they had subscribed to the shares in   M/s. MABL as a   strategic investment in an unlisted company. The Assessing officer held that the appellant was not an investor in shares as it had subscribed to the shares in May 2003 out of borrowed funds,  which according to him no investor would do.   Besides holding that   the appellant had  subscribed  to 20% of the issued   equity shares capital of M/s. MABL at the price of Rs.21.30 per share even when the book value of the shares was almost Nil.  This according to the Assessing Officer  would also not be done by an investor.  In the alternative the  Assessing Officer held   that   the   consideration   received   on   sale   of   shares   by   the appellant   was in the nature of compensation for termination of the appellant's position as   Manager of  M/s. MABL. Therefore, the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN excess received on sale of the shares was consideration received by the   appellant   for   termination/surrender   of   its   management   of M/s.   MABL   and     therefore     taxable   under   the   head   Business Income as provided in  Section 28(ii) of the Act.  Consequently, the Assessing Officer by order dated 29 December 2008 assessed the income of Rs.10,12,31,340/­ arising on the sale of shares of M/s. MABL by the appellant­ assessee   to   other two shareholders of M/s. MABL as business income. (e) Being   aggrieved   by   the   order     dated   29   December 2008,   the   appellant   preferred   an   appeal   to   Commissioner   of Income Tax (Appeals) (CIT(A)).  By  order dated 29 July 2009   to CIT(A) while allowing the appeal  of the appellant ­ assessee relied upon   the   Shareholders   agreement   and   Subscription   agreement both dated 16 May 2002 which regulated and restricted the sale of shares in M/s.  MABL  The above agreements provided  that the sale could only be by any one of the shareholders to any of  the other two shareholders  during the  three year lock­in period  and even thereafter   all the three shareholders     would continue to have a right   of preemption   if any of the other shareholders sought to disinvest/sell its shareholding or part thereof. Further the CIT(A) also held that  Shareholders agreement dated 16 May 2002  provided that the appellant would be the Manager of M/s. MABL.   On all the   above facts it was   concluded     that the subscription to the shares of  M/s. MABL made by the appellant Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN was   with   intent   to   running   the   business   of   M/s.   MABL   as   a Manager and make it dividend paying company.  In any event the CIT(A) also   held that the issue arising in the present appeal is covered in favour of the appellant­assessee  by the decision of the subscription   to the shares of M/s. MABL by borrowing of funds was not with a view to leveraging finance  but with an intent to hold the shares.  In the result, CIT (A) concluded that the intention of the assessee while investing Rs.6.54 crores at Rs.21.30 per share for acquiring 20% shares of M/s. MABL was not with an  intention to trade in shares but to acquire the management in M/s. MABL. So far as the application of Section 28(ii) of the Act to the present facts is concerned the CIT(A)  held that the amount received on sale of shares is not an amount received on surrendering its right to manage M/s. MABL. Therefore,  application of Section 28(ii) of the   Act   to   the   present   facts   is   not   legally   tenable.     In   these circumstances, the CIT(A) by order dated 29 July 2009 allowed the appellant­assessee's appeal before it. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN (f) Being aggrieved by the order dated 29 July 2009 the revenue filed an appeal to the Tribunal. The Tribunal by its order dated 25 April 2012 allowed the revenue's appeal  holding  that the amounts earned on sale of shares is to be brought to tax under the head business income and not under the head capital gains. The basis of  arriving at  the above  conclusion was as  under:­ (i) In 2003,   when the appellant invested/subscribed   to the shares of  M/s. MABL having   face value of Rs.10/­ of which the book value  was Nil,  yet the appellant­assessee had subscribed to 20% share holding in M/s. MABL at the rate of Rs.21.30 per share.     Thus,   the   Tribunal   concluded   that   no   investor   would purchase share at such high price when there is no return in the offing.   Further,   shares   were   purchased/subscribed   to     from borrowed funds and no investor would purchase shares of loss making   company   out   of   borrowed   funds   when   there   is   no likelihood   of   earning   any   dividend   income.   Consequently,   the purchase of shares   had only been made with a view to make profits  on resale of shares. (ii)) In the shareholders agreement the appellant assessee is described as a Manager because day  to day management was entrusted to Mr. R.K. Jain who was also the Managing Director of the   appellant   and   that   there   is   nothing   in   the   shareholders agreement or subscription agreement to  indicate that acquisition Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN of 20% share holding in  M/s. MABL  was condition precedent for the appellant acquiring right  to manage M/s. MABL  Alternatively, the   share   holders   agreement   provided   that   the   the   Managing Director   will   exercise   his   authority   in   consultation   with   the executive   committee.   Therefore,the   appellant   assessee   did   not have any management rights in     M/s. MABL. Consequently the subscription   to 20% shares of   M/s. MABL   was not to acquire right to manage   M/s. MABL (iii) The decision of the Apex Court in Ramnarain Sons (P) Ltd.   (supra)   is   inapplicable     for   the   reason   that   in   that   case investment for purchase of shares was made at price higher than the  market price so as to acquire managing agency rights of the company. It was in view of the above fact  that the subsequent loss on sale of shares so acquired, the Apex Court  held the loss to be capital loss.   In the present case, the shares purchased by the appellant assessee does not give the appellant   any controlling interest/rights in M/s. MABL Therefore, there is no justification to purchase at so high a price. Thus,     by its order dated 25 April 2008  the Tribunal concluded that subscription to shares  of M/s. MABL by the appellant was only with the  intention to make profit from resale of the shares. Therefore, any  profit arising therefrom was  chargeable to tax under the  head profit and gains of business and not under the head capital gains. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

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7) Being aggrieved by the order dated 25 April 2012 of Tribunal the appellant assessee is in appeal before us on the two substantial questions of law referred to herein above. 8) Mr. J. D. Mistri, learned Senior Counsel in support of the appeal submits as under:­ (i) The issue arising in the present case is concluded  in favour of the appellant by the decision of the Apex Court in the matter of  Ramnarain Sons (P) Ltd. (supra). The distinction made by   the   Tribunal   in   the   impugned   order   that   in   this   case   no managing agency right was acquired, failing to appreciate that right to manage M/s. MABL was acquired by subscribing to 20% of shares of M/s. MABL   Thus, in view of the Apex Court order Ramnarain Sons (P) Ltd. (supra), the appeal be allowed; (ii) The finding of the Tribunal in the impugned order that M/s. MABL had accumulated losses and its book value being Nil, no investor will purchase shares   at such a high price   when no dividend is likely to be   declared in the foreseeable     future, is perverse. The investor in this case was not a passive investor, but an investor with right to manage,  who could precieve a potential in M/s. MABL leading to its investment. In fact  it is stated  that investors like Warren Buffet invest in companies having losses in which they see  potential and hold shares in them for  a fairly long Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN time. Such purchase of shares   is in the nature of investments. Therefore,   only   in   view   of   the   fact   that   the   appellant   had purchased the shares at a higher price then its book value would not by itself result in the investment  made in shares becoming  an activity of trading in shares. (iii) Moreover,   the   impugned   order   of   the   Tribunal completely over looked the fact that the appellant had subscribed to 20% of  the shares of M/s. MABL at Rs.21.30 per share while the  other partners in the venture i.e. UB had acquired 40%   at the price of Rs.35.83 per share while S&N had acquired 40% interest at Rs.87.95 per share. Thus people in the liquor industry could appreciate that given the   M/s. MABL's   business model it had potential to be a successful business venture in the long run. (iv) The impugned order of the Tribunal records a perverse finding that no person would make an investment with borrowed funds. In this case the share subscription money was sourced by the appellant from M/s. Feedback   Computers Ltd. which was a company belonging to the same group and one Mr. R. K. Jain Managing Director of the appellant   also had substantial share holding 89.93% in M/s. Feedback Computers Ltd. The funding from outside was only for a period of 12 days and the same was without interest. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN (v) The   impugned   order   of   the   Tribunal     completely misreads the shareholders agreement dated 16 May 2002 which provides that the appellant would be the Manager of M/s. MABL and would have a right to nominate the Managing Director of M/s.   MABL.   This   right   was   dependent   upon   the   Subscription agreement dated 16 May 2002 between the same parties as is reflected in the preamble recital at Clause (D) and (E)   of the Shareholders   Agreement.       It   is   in   these   circumstances   the appellant invested in  aggregate  sum of Rs.6.54 cores on 7 May 2003 in M/s. MABL. Consequently, the acquisition of 20% share holding   was   a   necessary   condition   to   give   the   appellant management rights of M/s. MABL. The Tribunal incorrectly holds in the impugned order   that as the appellant has to exercise its authority as Manager in consultation with others as provided in the Subscription agreement,  the appellant company did not have any rights to manage M/s. MABL. This finding of the Tribunal is perverse   as   no   Manager   ever   enjoys   absolute/unbridled   rights while managing  a corporate enterprise. 9) As   against   the   above   Mr.   A.   R.   Malhotra,   learned Counsel for the revenue in support of the impugned order submits as under: (i) The   impugned   order   of   the   Tribunal   calls   for   no interference as the decision of the Apex Court in Ramnarain Sons Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN Private Limited (supra) is not applicable to the present facts. This is  in view of the fact that in the case of Ramnarian Sons (P)  Ltd. (supra)     the   appellant   had   acquired   control   of   the   managing agency by virtue of purchase of shares at a price higher than the market value, while this case 20% acquisition of equity shares of M/s. MABL does not give the appellant controlling interest in M/s. MABL and therefore, the aforesaid decision is inapplicable. (ii) During the  course of the hearing before the Tribunal the appellant has not pointed out the fact that the shares had been subscribed to by the other two partners namely UB and S&N at Rs.39.85 per share and Rs.89.95 per share respectively. Therefore, the   Tribunal   has   had   no   occasion   to   consider   this   issue. Consequently the appellant is barred from relying upon the price at which other shareholders  have subscribed to the shares of M/s. MABL in support of its   contention that the price at which the appellant subscribed to the shares of  M/s. MABL was more than justified. (iii) In   any   case,   merely   having   the   information   tucked away in the appeal papers would not amount to disclosing those facts   before   the   Tribunal.   In   support   he   draws     attention   to Explanation   1   to   Section   147   of   the   Act   which   provides   that production  of accounts books before the Assessing Officer  would not   amount   to   disclosure     before   the   Assessing   Officer.   It   is Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN therefore, submitted that the   mere fact that share Subscription agreement as well Shareholders agreement both dated 16 May 2002 are a part of the proceeding before the Tribunal would not by itself lead to the conclusion that the  shares  subscribed at higher price by the others was noticed by the Tribunal. (iv) The  impugned order has not held that the assesses was trader in shares. All that the Tribunal has held that the transaction was an adventure in nature of trade and therefore cannot   be charged to tax under the head capital gains. In view of the above, he submits that the impugned order of the Tribunal calls for no interference. 10) We have considered the submissions.  We find that the issue with regard to Section 28(ii) of the Act which was taken as an   alternative   by   the   Assessing   Officer   in   his   order   dated   29 December 2008 was not canvassed during the hearing before the Tribunal by the revenue   after the CIT(Appeals) had held that Section 28(ii) of the Act would have no application to the present facts. Thus, the Tribunal in the impugned order has rendered  no finding with regard to applicability of Section 28(ii) of the Act to the   transaction   under   consideration   nor   has   the   respondent revenue  placed reliance upon Section 28(ii) of the Act, before us, to   support   the   impugned   order   of   the   Tribunal.   In   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN circumstances the only issue which is being considered by us  is: whether the subscription to 20% of the issued   equity shares of M/s. MABL  and subsequent  sale thereof  resulting in gain was in the nature of  capital gains  or in the nature of business income. 11) So far as question No.1 is concerned we find that the facts in the matter of Ramnarain Sons (P) Ltd. (supra) before the Apex Court were similar to the facts arising in the present case. In the matter of Ramnarain Sons (P) Ltd. (supra) the Apex Court was concerned with the issue whether acquisition of shares in Dawn Mills Company Limited at a price higher than the market price for acquisition of it managing agency was a capital asset. The  issue arose in the context of whether the sale of  some of those acquired shares subsequently at a  loss was  a revenue loss or  capital loss. In the above context, the nature of acquisition was considered by the Apex Court. In the above case, market price of shares of Dawn Mills was Rs.1610/­ while the appellant had purchased them at the rate of Rs.2321/­per share.  It was a assessee's contention before the Supreme Court that the purchase of shares which led to the acquisition of managing agency was in the nature of carrying  on trade in the shares and the subsequent sale of such shares or part thereof should is a   revenue loss. The Apex Court negatived the assessee's contention and held that the shares of Dawn Mills were purchased for the purpose of acquiring its managing agency. The fact that the Managing agency could be utilized for earning profit Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN could not lead to the conclusion that shares so purchased were on revenue account in the absence of any intent to trade in those shares. The   Apex   Court   did   not   accept   the   assessee's submission that in view of  being able to manage   Dawn Mills, the purchase of shares should be held to be an adventure in nature of trade. The Apex Court also held that even though the shares had been purchased with borrowed money,  that fact by  itself, would not indicate that there was any intent to trade in those shares. The fact that shares were purchased at a  price higher than what may be   done by a   prudent person   is explained   by the fact that it resulted in  acquisition of managing agency. This would certainly lead to an inevitable conclusion that the intention in purchasing the shares was not to trade in the shares but for the purpose of obtaining managing agency of the Dawn Mills. 12) In the present facts also the appellant had subscribed to 20% of the issued equity share capital  of M/s. MABL. This 20% share holding read in the light of the Shareholders agreement and Subscription  agreement both dated 16 May 2002 would lead to the conclusion that the subscription for the 20% share holding was for the purpose of being able to manage/nominate the Manager of M/s. MABL. Thus, in the present case the assessee by purchasing the shares also acquired the right to manage M/s. MABL and in the absence of any other evidence to indicate that there was an intent on   the   part   of   the   appellant   to   deal   in   the   shares   the   only Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN conclusion would be that the entire transaction of purchase and sale   by   the   appellant   was   on   capital   account.   The   distinction sought to be made by the revenue to the effect that  in Ramnarain Sons   (P)   Ltd.   (supra)the   Apex   Court   was   concerned   with   the assessee acquiring a managing agency i.e. controlling interest in Dawn Mills Ltd.     which is not the   case here   is a   distinction without any difference. This is  for the reason that by subscribing to 20% issued equity shares in M/s. MABL the appellant became entitled to manage   M/s. MABL. Therefore, the acquisition here also was for being able to manage  M/s. MABL as was also the case before the Supreme Court. 13) Moreover,   the   subscription   of     20%   shares   in   M/s. MABL subscribed to by the appellant were not freely transferable but regulated and restricted by the shareholders agreement dated 16 May 2002. In view of the above agreement dated 16 May 2002 there was a three years lock­in period in respect of the subscribed share capital and the appellant could not sell the same during that period. In case the appellant had to sell during three years lock in period the sale  was restricted only to the other two parties to the shareholders agreement. Moreover, even after the three year lock in   period   was   over,   the   other   two   parties   to     the   agreement continue to have right of preemption in respect of the appellant's shareholding. In view of the aforesaid restriction and prohibition the person who subscribes  to such shares would not do so for the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN purpose of trading in it as the transferability of  the shares  is very restricted making it a most unsuitable instrument  for purposes of trading. Further the fact that the appellant held shares for almost 31 months before selling them is another factor to indicate that these   shares   were   not   subscribed   to   by   the   appellant   for   the purpose of trading in them.  In the matter of M/s. Ramnarian Sons (P)   Ltd.   (supra)   also   the   shares   had   been   purchased   out   of borrowed funds and yet the Apex Court held that the same would not by itself indicate/evidence an intent to deal in shares. In this case the appellant had borrowed funds from outside for a period of 12 days without interest. Thereafter, the amounts were sourced from its sister company  M/s. Feedback Computers Ltd.  in which the   appellant's   99.99   shareholder   one     Mr.   R.K.   Jain   enjoyed majority interest to the extent  of 83.93% shareholding. Thus the borrowing   of   funds   even   in   this   case   is   not   evidence   of   the appellant, wanting to trade in the subscribed shares of M/s. MABL. 15) Therefore, taking all the cumulative factors including the decision of the Supreme Court in   Ramnarain Sons (P) Ltd. (supra) the impugned order was incorrect in holding that 20% shares of M/s. MABL subscribed  to by the appellant was stock in trade of the appellant and not its capital asset, as contended by the revenue. 16) So far as   question No.2 is concerned, the impugned Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN order proceeds on the basis that 20% of the equity shares, which were subscribed to by the appellant in M/s. MABL at a price much higher than its book value which was Nil and out of   borrowed funds would by itself indicate that the subscription made by the appellant was not as an investment but as a trader in shares. This finding of the Tribunal is perverse for the reason that purchase of shares at a price higher than book value cannot be itself lead to the

conclusion that the purchase was not in the nature of investment. It   is   a   well   known   global   phenomena   that   investors   purchase shares of loss making companies because in their perception  the company has inherent potential to do well either on account of its business model or on account of the management of the company. The potential perception is unique to each   investor and there cannot be any universal yard stick to determine whether such perception   was   justified   or   not.   In   any   case   the   other   two subscribers in the shares of M/s. MABL had subscribed at the price of Rs.87.95 per share (S&N) and Rs.35.83 per share (UB) itself evidences the fact that others had also perceived great investment opportunity in the business of M/s. MABL     The submission on behalf of the revenue that this particular argument with regard to investment being made by other two subscribers at a higher price was not brought to the notice of the Tribunal during the hearing, though not disputing that the same was part of the record and proceeding  before the Tribunal. The analogy drawn on the basis of the explanation under Section 147 of the Act may not be a  proper Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN analogy. In any view of the matter, it is not necessary to resolve the above issue as  the respondent revenue do not deny/dispute before us that the shares were subscribed to by S&N at Rs.87.95 per share and by UB at Rs.35.83 per share. Therefore, the fact that other share holders have subscribed at higher price is an undisputed position. This  would also establish that perception of the potential of the M/s. MABL   on the part of the appellant was not solitary and unique. To our mind even if the perception of the appellant was solitary and unique, it would make no difference. 17) Be that as it may, even if the price at which the shares were subscribed to were higher than its book value that again by itself  would not lead to the conclusion that in such cases  purchase has been done not by investor in share but by trader in shares. On the contrary the investor in shares would in the normal course hold shares for a longer period of time even in liquor business (though not affected by  business cycle prevailing in most of the industries) as   time would be taken to establish a place in the market. Therefore,   the   scrip   may become profitable over   a period of time.   In contrast a   trader in shares normally holds shares for a shorter period of time and looks for  quick  returns. In such circumstances,   he is less likely to purchase   share at price higher than  the market value and in case of unquoted shares at a price higher than its book value. Therefore, test applied by the Tribunal in the impugned order to hold that subscription of 20% Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN shares in M/s. MABL at a higher price then the book value of the equity   shares   to   conclude   that   the   appellant   is   a   trader,     is perverse. 18) Similarly   the   finding   in   the   impugned   order     that because   the   shares   were   subscribed   to   by   the   appellant   from borrowed funds   the subscription/ purchase of shares cannot be said to be an investment, is perverse. In  the facts of this case, the appellant had borrowed funds from an outside  source ( that is not from   group   companies)   only   for   a   period   of   12   days   without interest.   Thereafter,   the   appellant   had   sourced   its   funds   by subscription of its shares   by its group company one Feedback Computers Ltd. in which substantial share holder to the extent of 83.93% was one Mr. R.K. Jain who holds   99.99% shares in the appellant   company.   Moreover,   whether   or   not   a   particular purchase/subscription   to   shares   was   for   the   purpose   of   doing business or for purpose of investment cannot be determined on the basis of whether the amount required for the purchase of the same was borrowed   or self   generated funds. It is well known that capital assets, at times  are  acquired out of borrowed funds and the distinction between capital assets and stock in trade is not on the basis of source of funds i.e. borrowed funds or self generated funds but on the basis of assets itself and for the period for which it is held before the same is traded/sold.   Thus, the finding of the Tribunal that the subscription to the extent to 20% in the equity Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN shares   of   M/s.   MABL   was   for   trading   in   shares   because   the payment was not out of its own funds, is perverse. 19) Similarly, the impugned order holds that though the appellant had right to  appoint its nominee as  a Manager of M/s. MABL yet the nominee  could not exercise authority as a Manager on his own but had to do so in consultation with others and

therefore was not the Manager. Consequently, the conclusion by the Tribunal that no amount was paid  while subscribing for the shares   to enjoy   the rights of Manager of M/s. MABL.   Merely because the appellant's nominee acts as Managing Director   of M/s. MABL  and such function of Managing Director as a  Manager has   to be   discharged   in consultation with others   does not denude the  Manager of its authority and function as a Manager. It is axiomatic that   no Manager in any field of business activity enjoys on absolute and unfettered rights to manage his business without  having to consult others.    Therefore, the finding in the impugned order   that     because the appellant nominee has no absolute right to manage M/s. MABL as it desires, it must follow that the appellant has no right as a Manager of M/s. MABL,   is perverse. 20) We shall now answer the two substantial questions of law which were admitted  for our consideration as under:­ Question No.1 ­ In the negative i. e. in favor of the appellant ­ assesses and against the revenue. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33

ASN Question No.2 ­  In the affirmative i. e. in favor of the appellant ­ assessee and against the revenue. 21) Accordingly, the appeal is allowed. No order as to costs. 22) As the main appeal is allowed, the Notice of Motion No.1135 of 2013  for stay of recovery of the disputed tax does not survive and the same is also disposed of. CHIEF JUSTICE (M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:37:33 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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