icici bandk ltd vs. dr ramsingh dy commissioner of income tax,

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WP/2355/2005HC Bombay25 August 2014Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE NITIN JAMDAR21 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the impugned notice dated March 23, 2005, was partly valid. Regarding bad debts, the Court found no merit in the Revenue's contention that there was a failure to disclose. The Petitioner-Bank had made a full and true disclosure in its return, and the claim was fluid and dependent on factors that could change. The Assessing Officer had considered the claim and allowed it, making the reopening based on this ground a mere change of opinion. Therefore, the notice was not interfered with concerning bad debts. However, concerning depreciation on leased equipment, the Court found that the equipment was commissioned on March 31, 1998, as evidenced by the Karnataka Electricity Board certificate, indicating it was put to use. The Revenue's argument that the equipment was not put to use was a change of opinion, as the Assessing Officer had previously considered and allowed the depreciation claim. The Court cited CIT v. Shaan Finance (P) Ltd. to support the view that giving machinery on hire constitutes its use for business. Consequently, the notice was set aside to the extent it related to depreciation on equipment. The petition was partly allowed.

What were the facts?

The Petitioner-Bank, ICICI Bank Limited, filed its return of income for Assessment Year 1998-99 on November 30, 1998, declaring an income of Rs. 57.52 Crores. The bank claimed depreciation on windmill generators leased to M/s. Renewable Engineering Systems Ltd. (RESL) and bad debts after adjusting provisions under Section 36(1)(viia). During assessment proceedings, the bank provided details of the leased equipment, stating it was installed and commissioned by RESL on March 31, 1998, and that RESL was not claiming depreciation. The bank also provided details for its bad debt claim of Rs. 10.12 Crores. The Assessing Officer passed an assessment order under Section 143(3) on February 28, 2001, determining the income at Rs. 60.94 Crores and allowing the claims for bad debts and depreciation. On March 23, 2005, the Assessing Officer issued a notice under Section 148 to reopen the assessment for AY 1998-99.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the notice dated March 23, 2005, issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for reopening the assessment for AY 1998-99 is without jurisdiction, as the reasons provided do not indicate any failure on the part of the Petitioner-Bank to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment? Assessee's Arguments: (a) The notice is without jurisdiction as the reasons do not show any failure to disclose material facts. (b) Regarding bad debts, full disclosure was made in the return. The claim is fluid and dependent on total income, which can vary in appeals. The reopening is based on a mere change of opinion as the Assessing Officer had allowed the claim after considering all facts. (c) There cannot be a failure to disclose facts within the knowledge of the Revenue, such as orders passed by the Assessing Officer. (d) Any error in the assessment order could be corrected by rectification, not by reopening under Sections 147/148, which could prejudice the assessee by allowing reassessment of other income. (e) A statement working out correct figures for bad debts and copies of appellate orders were provided. Revenue's Arguments: (1) Regarding bad debts, the assessee had a larger credit balance of Rs. 7,15,06,898 than what was reduced (Rs. 2,08,55,805), leading to a lower allowable deduction. This indicated a failure to disclose fully and truly. (2) Regarding depreciation on leased assets to RESL, the equipment was not put to use during the previous year relevant to AY 1998-99, as it was taken back by the bank in March/April 1999 and put to use from June 1999. This constituted a failure to disclose fully and truly.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 36(1)(viia),Section 148,Section 143(3),Section 147,Section 32

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURI ICTION WRIT PETITION NO. 2355 OF 2005 ICICI Bank Limited ] a public limited company, having its ] registered office at ICICI Towers, ] Bandra­Kurla Complex, Mumbai 400 051. ] .. Petitioner. V/s. 1 Dr. Ramsingh ] Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax ] Range 3(1), having his office at ] Aaykar Bhavan, 6th Floor, Maharshi ] Karve Marg, Mumbai 400 020. ] 2 Union of India ] through Ministry of Law, ] Aaykar Bhavan, M. Karve Marg, ] Mumbai 400 020. ] .. Respondents. Ms. A. Vissanji, Advocate for the Petitioner. Mr. P. C. Chhotrary, Advocate for the Respondents. CORAM:  M.S.SANKLECHA, & N.M.JAMDAR, JJ. DATE    :  25th AUGUST, 2014. JUDGMENT (Per M. S. Sanklecha,J.):­ This Petition is directed against the impugned notice dated 23rd March 2005 issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act).  The impugned notice dated 23rd March 2005 seeks to re­open the assessment for the Assessment Year 1998­99. S.R.JOSHI 1 of 21 CNR No : HCBM020168632005 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw The Petitioner­Bank carries on business of Banking. On 30th November   1998,   the   Petitioner   filed   its   Return   of   Income   for   the Assessment Year 1998­99 returning an income of Rs.57.52 Crores. In its Return of Income, the Petitioner­Bank, inter alia, claimed depreciation on Windmill Electric Generators (Equipments) which had been leased to one M/s. Renewable Engineering Systems Ltd. (RESL) and also claimed bad debts after adjusting the balance under Section 36 (1)(viia) of the Act. 3 During the course of Assessment proceedings, consequent to a   query,   the   Petitioner   filed   on   17th  February,   2000,   details   of   the Equipments   leased  to   RESL.   The   Petitioner­Bank   in   its   detailed   note, pointed out that the equipment was installed and commissioned by RESL on 31st  March 1998 and in support, also filed evidences. Besides filing evidences in support of its stand, that the lessee viz. RESL is not claiming any depreciation on the equipment. Similarly, on 25th September, 2000, on an enquiry by the Respondent­Revenue with regard to the bad debts claimed, the Petitioner­Bank pointed out it was being claimed at Rs.10.12 Crores after adjusting the provisions under Section 36(1)(viia) of the Act amounting to Rs.2.08 Crores . 4 On   consideration   inter   alia   of   the   aforesaid   facts,   the Assessing Officer on 28th  February, 2008, passed an Assessment Order under Section 143(3) of the Act for Assessment Year 1989­99. The above order dated 28 February  2008, determined the  Petitioner's  income at Rs.60.94 Crores and allowed the claim for deduction on account of bad debts of Rs.10.12 Crores (as claimed) and the claim for depreciation at Rs.4.50 Crores on the Equipments leased to RESL. S.R.JOSHI 2 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw On   23rd    March  2005,   the  Assessing  Officer  issued  the impugned notice, seeking to re­open the assessment for the Assessment Year 1998­99. The reasons furnished to the Petitioner­Bank for re­opening of the assessment were as under:­ “ REASONS RECORDED FOR RE­OPENING OF Assessment Return of Income was filed on 30­11­1998 determining total income   of   Rs.57,52,24,190/­.   Assessment   u/s.143(3)   was completed   vide   order   dated   28­02­2001   determining   total income at Rs.60,94,73,991/­. (1) It is seen from the records that the assessee has claimed deduction u/s. 36(1)(vii) in respect of bad debts written off of Rs.12,21,51,941/­.  The assessee has reduced Rs.2,08,55,805/­ being credit balance in accounts u/s.36(1)(vii) and has claimed the balance amount of Rs.10,12,96,136/­ u/s. 36(1)(viia) of the I. T. Act. The assessee has reduced only Rs.2,08,55,805/­ whereas as per records, the assessee is having credit balance of Rs.7,15,06,898/­ (which is inclusive of deduction allowed u/s. 36(1)(viia) for the year 1998­99). After reducing this amount, the allowable deduction u/s. 36(1)(viia) in respect of bad debts written   off   comes   to   Rs.5,06,45,043/­   (12,21,51,941   (­) 7,15,06,898). (2) It is also seen from the records that the assessee­bank has claimed depreciation on leased assets at Rs.8,22,49,860/­. This amount is inclusive of Rs.4.80 Crores claimed on assets valuing Rs.9.60   Crores   leased   to   Renewable   Energy   Systems   Ltd., Hyderabad (Depreciation claimed @ 50%).   The department has disallowed the claim of depreciation on assets leased except assets leased to Renewable Energy Systems Ltd., Hyderabad. Depreciation   of   Rs.4.80   Crores   claimed   as   assets   leased   to Renewable Energy Systems Ltd., Hyderabad has been claimed on the ground that assets leased out was taken back by the assessee bank and used for their own business.  From the records, it is seen that the assets were taken by the Bank in March, 1999/ April, 1999 and put to use from June 1999 onwards.  Since the assets were not put to use during the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1998­99, the claim of depreciation needs to be disallowed. S.R.JOSHI 3 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw I have therefore reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped Assessment by the reason of failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for Assessment. Therefore the Assessment is required to be re­opened in view of Explanation 2(c) to Section 147. Issue notice u/s. 148.” 6 This   Petition   was   admitted   on   17   October   2005   and   the impugned notice dated 23 March 2005 was stayed. 7 Ms. Vissanji, learned Counsel appearing for the Petitioner­ Bank in support of the Petition, submits as under:­ (a) The impugned notice dated 23rd March 2005 is without juri iction as the reasons in support  does not indicate any failure on the part of the Petitioner­Bank to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment; (b) In respect of the bad debts, it is submitted that there is a complete disclosure made by the Petitioner­Bank in its Return of Income. The claim was made in its return as per the Petitioner's original figures without taking into account the variation on the quantum of the provisions for bad debts due to orders of rectification or orders passed in the Appellate proceeding for the earlier years. The claim for   deduction   of   bad   debts   for   a   bank   by   its   very   nature   is fluid/uncertain as it is dependent upon the provisions made for bad debts which in turn is dependent upon total income under Section 36 (vii­a) of the Act,.  The determination of total income is subject to   variation   in   appeal   proceedings.   In   view   of   the   above,   the Petitioner's  claim  for  bad  debts  cannot  be  said  to  be failure to S.R.JOSHI 4 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw disclose truly and full material facts for assessment. Besides the Assessing Officer has allowed the  claim on consideration of all facts and therefore, the reopening notice is based on mere change of opinion; (c) Without  prejudice   to   and   in   the   alternative   to   the   above,   it   is submitted that there can be no failure on the part of the Petitioner­ Bank to disclose truly and fully facts necessary for assessment when the facts  not disclosed are within the knowledge of Respondent­ Revenue.   In   particular,   failure   to   disclose   is   of   the   orders passed by the Assessing Officer. There can be no failure to disclose orders to the knowledge of the Assessing Officer as they emanate from the office of the Respondent­Revenue; (d) In   any   view   of   the   matter,   if   there   is   any   error/   omission   in passing   the   Assessment   Order   then   such   error/omission   can   be corrected by adopting rectification proceedings and/or by giving effect to orders passed by the Appellate Authorities, it may be found that the claim as made is correct.  In the above circumstances, the adoption of   Sections 147/148 of the Act is not justified. This is because  the  reopening  of  an  assessment  could  entail  serious prejudice   to   the   Petitioner   as   it   would   enable   the   Respondent­ Revenue to reassess even other income in terms of Explanation 3 to Section 147 of the Act; (e) A   statement   working   out   the   correct   figures   for   purposes   of computation of bad debts was tendered along with copies of various appellate   orders   passed   in   the  Petitioner's   own  case  for  the S.R.JOSHI 5 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw Assessment Year 1994­95 during the hearing.  It is submitted that above   statement   would   indicate   that,   even   if   re­assessment proceedings on account of  bad debts are allowed to be  proceeded with,   the   entire exercise would be only academic as the result would be no income escaping assessment on account of bad debts; and (f ) So far as depreciation is concerned, it is submitted that during the course of assessment proceedings, specific queries were raised with regard to equipment leased to RESL. In response, a detailed note was filed by the Petitioner­Bank, pointing out that the equipments was put   to   use   in   the   subject   Assessment   Year,   as   it   was commissioned   on   31st  March,   1998   at     Belgaum   by   RESL   duly supported  by evidence. The Assessing Officer in the Assessment Order   dated   28th  February,   2001   on   consideration   of   all   facts concluded that the equipment was put to  use on 31 March 1998 entitling   the   Petitioner's to   avail   the benefit   of depreciation on the leased equipments  under Section 32 of the Act.  Thus  there was no failure to disclose all facts   truly and fully on the part of the Petitioner­Bank. Besides the very issue raised in the grounds in support of the impugned notice was considered by the Assessing Officer   in   the   Assessment   Order   dated   28   February   2001. Therefore,   the   impugned   notice   has   been   issued   on   mere change of opinion. 8 As against the above, Mr. P. C. Chhotrary, learned Counsel appearing for the Respondent­Revenue, in support of the impugned notice dated 23rd March 2005, submits as under:­ S.R.JOSHI 6 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw (a) There has been a failure on the part of the Petitioner to disclose fully   and   truly   all   material   facts   necessary   for   Assessment. Consequently the impugned notice dated 23rd  March 2005   does satisfy the juri ictional requirement under the proviso to Section 147  of the Act in respect of notices issued beyond the period of four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year; (b) So far as bad debts is concerned, it is submitted that the Petitioner­ Bank had  claimed  more bad  debts then it  was entitled to  on application of Section 36 (vii­a) of the Act.  At the time when the Petitioner­Bank filed its   Return of Income as well as during the Assessment proceeding, the Petitioner­Bank was aware that the provisions for bad debts made by them had undergone change due to rectification and/or appellate orders for the earlier Assessment Years yet  the  same  was  ignored  by  the Petitioner­Bank. The consequence of the orders passed for the earlier Assessment Year would have a direct bearing on determining the claim for bad debts allowable during subject Assessment Year 1998­99. Thus, there was a  was a failure to disclose truly and fully all facts necessary for assessment not only at the time of filing its Return of Income but also during the Assessment proceedings, when a specific query was raised with regard to the accumulated provisions under Section 36(1)(viia) of the Act; (c) It is the obligation of the Petitioner­Bank to disclose  fully  and truly all facts necessary for assessment. This obligation is an independent obligation on the part of the Petitioner­Bank and it is no defence to state  that the Respondent­Revenue knew the facts and/or had S.R.JOSHI 7 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw knowledge  of   the   same,   to   absolve   the   Petitioner­Bank   of   its obligation; (d) The error/ omission in the Assessment Order arising out of the failure on the part of the Petitioner to disclose truly and fully all material   facts   necessary   for   assessment   is   not   such   as   can   be modified/ amended by taking re­course to Section 154 of the Act as it could give rise to a debate. Besides the issue of giving effect to the orders of the Appellate Authorities  is an independent function which would be done by the Assessing Officer and cannot be a pretext to stall/ scuttle validly initiated reopening proceedings; (e) So far as statement tendered by the Petitioner­Bank is concerned, the same would be considered by the Assessing Officer during  the re­assessment   proceedings.   It   is   an   issue   on   merits   and   would require detailed examination which is best left to the Assessing Officer to consider during re­assessment  proceedings; and (f) So   far   as   depreciation   is   concerned,   it   was   submitted   that   the Petitioner­Bank had incorrectly stated during original Assessment proceeding that the equipments were put to use on 31st March1998. This is on the basis that the certificate issued by Karnataka State Electricity Board merely states that it was commissioned on 31st March, 1998. Besides, it is submitted that the depreciation would be available to the Petitioner­Bank only  if it itself uses the equipment in question. Therefore   it   is   submitted   that there was   failure to disclose   truly   and   fully   all   material   facts   necessary   for assessment. S.R.JOSHI 8 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw In the present case, the impugned notice dated 23rd  March, 2005 has been issued beyond the period of four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year i.e. Assessment Year 1998­99. The contours of the re­opening notice under Section 148 of the Act have been long settled by the decision of the Supreme Court in Commissioner of Income Tax v/s. Kelvinator of India Limited 320 ITR 561 wherein it has been held that reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment would not mean a mere change of opinion. Therefore when the  issue/ground  on  which  it  is proposed to reopen the assessment  has been subject of  consideration  earlier while passing  an  Assessment Order then on the same facts, a different view cannot be taken for the purposes of re­opening an assessment. The Court held that the Assessing Officer has  power under the Act only to re­assess and not to review a concluded assessment. Besides, while examining the   challenge to juri iction, we are not sitting in appeal over the grounds in support of the impugned notice. Thus the Petitioner­Bank would have to demonstrate that ex facie, the grounds in support of the impugned notice are without juri iction. It is settled position that at the stage of the re­opening notice, the Assessing Officer has only to reach a prima­facie view  and  not  a  conclusive view of income having escaped assessment. Thus we would quash a notice for reopening of an assessment only when the same is without juri iction i.e. in no way can it even be alleged  on  the  facts  that  income  chargeable to tax has escaped assessment or  where  the  notice is on the basis of mere change of opinion or in case where re­opening notice is issued beyond a period of four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year in the in the absence of any failure to disclose fully and truly all facts necessary for assessment. It is on the above parameters of law, that we S.R.JOSHI 9 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw would examine the facts arising in the present case. 10 The assessment which is sought to be re­opened beyond a period of four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year has to satisfy the following juri ictional requirements:­ (a) The  Assessing  Officer  must  have  reason to  believe  that  income chargeable to tax, has escaped the assessment; and (b) There must have been a failure on the part of the Petitioner to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment. 11 The   reasons   recorded  for   issuing   the   impugned  notice   as reproduced herein above is with regard to excessive claim for bad debts and depreciation on equipments leased to RESL for Assessment Year 1998­ 1999. This Petition has been filed prior to Supreme Court decision in GKN Driveshafts Ltd v. Income tax Officer 251 ITR. Therefore in the present facts,   no  objection  were  raised by   the   Petitioner­Bank  to   the grounds   in   support   of   the   impugned   notice   relied   upon   by   the Respondent­Revenue. Consequently, no occasion arose for the Assessing Officer  to  deal  with  same.  The Petition  was filed on  receipt  of   the impugned notice dated 23rd  March 2005. The reasons/grounds in support of the impugned notice was served upon the Petitioner­Bank along  with the  affidavit in  reply  dated  7th October 2005. The reasons indicate two separate   grounds   for   the   impugned   notice   i.e.   Bad   Debts   and Depreciation. We shall deal with each of the two grounds, separately. Bad Debts :­ 12 It is the case of the Respondent­Revenue as stated in the S.R.JOSHI 10 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw reasons recorded that, if   the correct figures of the provisions for bad debts is taken into account, the Petitioner­Bank would be entitled to claim bad debts  only to the extent of Rs.5.06 Crores and not Rs.10.12 Crores. This is on account of the fact that provisions for bad debts under Section 36(1)(viia) of the Act would be Rs.7.15 Crores and not Rs.2.08 Crores as claimed in the Return of Income and also during assessment proceedings. The   first   objection   of   the   Petitioner­Bank   is   that   the   reasons   do   not indicate   any   failure   on   its   part   to   disclose   fully   and   truly   all   facts necessary for assessment. However in its Affidavit in rejoinder by the Petitioner states as under : “ Secondly, at the time the Petitioner filed its Return of Income   for   the   relevant   year   on   30th  1998,   while   the rectification   order   dated   2/3/1998   for   the   Assessment   year 1995­96 was available with the Petitioner, the Petitioner had not   received   the   Assessment   orders   for   the   remaining   2 Assessment   years   1996­97   and   1997­98   which  were  passed subsequently   on   23/3/1999   and   31.1.2000   respectively.

Accordingly the working of the claim under sect. 36 (1)(viia) was based on the deduction claimed by the Petitioner for the Asst.   Years   1996­97   and   1997­98. Since   the   deduction allowable under Sec. 36 (1)(viia) for asst. Years 1995­96 was liable   to   change   consequent   to   relief   allowed   in   appellate proceedings and the quantum of deduction for Asst. Years 1996­ 97 and 1997­98 were not available the Assessment orders for the said years not having been passed, the Petitioner worked out its claim under sec.36(1)(viia) for the relevant year on the basis of the quantum of deduction originally allowed and/or claimed in the returns of income for the Assessment years 1996­ 97   and   1997­98. Accordingly,   the   Petitioner   has   neither concealed the facts relating to its claim for deduction under Sec. 36(1)(viia) nor has the Petitioner stated any untrue facts in the return filed for the relevant year.   It is respectfully submitted that the Petitioner has not been allowed and excess deduction and the deduction to be granted to Petitioner under Sec.36(1) S.R.JOSHI 11 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw (viia) for bad debts will change with each subsequent order passed to give effect to the appellate orders, as the deduction to be granted under sec.36(1)(viia) is consequential to the total income determined.” Thus the Petitioner­Bank admits that the claim made for bad debts was on the basis of deduction originally claimed for Assessment Years 1995­1996, 1996­1997 and 1997­1998 without taking into account the figures determined by rectification order dated 2 March 1998 i.e. before filing of Return of Income on 30 November 1998. Moreover, the Assessment Orders passed on 23 March 1999 and 31  January  2000  for the  Assessment  Years  1996­97  and  1997­1998 respectively were passed much before passing the Assessment Order on 28 February 2001 and yet the same was not brought to the notice of the Assessing Officer. The Petitioner­Bank is not disputing the above facts but making a legal claim that even if the facts are not disclosed, it makes no difference as the same are subject to change by virtue of  orders passed in appeal from Orders passed in the earlier Assessment Years. Therefore on the aforesaid facts, it is clear that the Petitioner­Bank is aware and can not dispute failure to disclose truly and fully material facts necessary for assessment. In the above circumstances, it ill comes from a party seeking to invoke extra ordinary writ juri iction of this court to make a grievance of the reasons not indicating failure to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment. The grievance of the reasons not indicating any failure, is available to a party who is at a loss to understand what is the failure of disclosure alleged in the notice for re­opening in the exercise of writ juri iction. The knowledge of  the alleged failure on the  part of the Petitioner­Bank is evident in its affidavit in rejoinder. 13 The next objection raised is that there is in fact no failure to S.R.JOSHI 12 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw disclose truly and fully facts   necessary for assessment. In support it is submitted  that in terms of Section 36(1)(vii) and (vii a) of the Act, the Petitioner­Bank is allowed to write  off  bad debts only  to the extent the bad debts exceeded the credit balance in the provisions for bad and doubtful debts.  In terms of Section 36 (1)(viia) of the Act, the Petitioner­ Bank can make provisions for bad and doubtful debts of an amount not exceeding 5% of the  total income. In  the above context, it was submitted that the provisions for bad and doubtful debts would be a varying figures as the amount of provisions would be dependent upon the total income which  is  arrived  at  by  the  Assessing  Officer  as  modified in appeal proceedings.  Thus, it was in the above circumstances, the Petitioner­Bank had made a claim for bad debts in its Return of Income without having taken into account the orders passed  on 2nd  March 1998  under  Section 154  of the Act  for  the  Assessment  Year 1995­96 as the same, according to the Petitioner, was subject to change in view of the further appeals. Similarly, the Orders of Assessment passed for Assessment Years 1996­97 and 1997­98 on 23 March 1999 and 31 January 2000 respectively,  were not brought to the notice of the Assessing Officer during the assessment proceedings for Assessment Year 1998­99 as the same was subject to change in the Appellate proceedings. The obligation of the assesee is to make a full and complete disclosure of all facts material for assessment. The legal consequence of such disclosure is a different matter particularly when the nondisclosure could lead to escapement of income.  In this case no note was  also  appended  to the return of  Income  indicating  that  the figures of bad debts claimed is subject to change in view of the appellate proceedings.  In view of the above, we hold that there is a failure on the part of the Petitioner­Bank to disclose fully and truly all material facts S.R.JOSHI 13 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw necessary for assessment. 14 In the alternative, it is submitted that in any case there can be no   failure   to   disclose   facts   which   are   within   the   knowledge   of   the Respondent­Revenue –particularly the Assessing Officer. It is   submitted that all the three orders viz.. order dated 2 March 1998 (rectification), 23 March   1999   (Assessment   Order)   and   31   January   2000   (Assessment Order) were within the knowledge of the Assessing Officer, as these orders emanated from his office. Thus, it cannot be said that there was a failure on the part of the Petitioner to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary   for   assessment.   In   support,   reliance   was   placed   upon   the decision of the Allahabad  Court  in  Jagdish Prasad v/s. Commissioner of Income Tax –104 ITR 214 – wherein the Court held that the extended period for re­opening the assessment  on account  of failure to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment would not apply where the Assessing Officer was aware of true  facts of the  case at  the time when he passed  the  Assessment Order. With the greatest of respect, we are unable to agree with the view of the Hon’ble Allahbad High Court in   Jagdish   Prasad   (supra).   The   obligation   of     making   true   and   full disclosure is on the assessee and the responsibility for doing the same, cannot be wished away by stating that the Assessing Officer was aware or ought to have been aware of the true facts in view of the Assessment Orders passed in the earlier Assessment Year. The obligation to disclose facts   material   for   assessment   fully   and   truly   is   on   the   assessee   in unqualified terms in the  proviso to Section 147 of the Act. In fact, during the assessment proceedings, the Assessing Officer on 12th September, 2000 did enquire of the Petitioner­Bank about the amount that was adjusted out of the accumulated provisions under Section 36(1) (vii a) of the Act.  At S.R.JOSHI 14 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw that point of time, the Petitioner­Bank was aware of the orders passed for the Assessment Years 1995­96, 1996­97 and 1997­98. However, in its reply dated 25th September, 2000, the Petitioner­Bank did not bring to the notice of the Assessing Officer the change in the quantum of  provisions created under Section 36(1) (vii a) of the Act and continued to claim the old figure of Rs.2.08 Crores instead of Rs.7.15 Crores as provisions for bad debts.   Therefore, there is a failure on the part of the  Petitioner­Bank  to truly and fully disclose all material facts necessary for assessment not only at the time when the Return of Income was filed on 30th November 1998 but  also during the assessment proceeding leading to the order dated 28th February 2001. 15 It was also contended that this issue/ground of bad debts in the   impugned notice is a change of opinion in as much as  the same was a subject matter of consideration during assessment proceedings is not acceptable. This is particularly so as there is a failure on the part of the Petitioner­Bank to disclose truly and fully the material facts necessary for assessment. Consequently as the application of mind was on facts not fully and truly disclosed there can be no opinion formed on the true and full facts for there to be a change of opinion. The Respondent­Revenue placed reliance upon the following observations of the Supreme Court in Phool Chand Bajrang Lal v/s. ITO  203 ITR 456 as under: “ We are  not persuaded to accept the  argument of Mr. Sharma   that   the   question   regarding   the   truthfulness   or falsehood of the transactions reflected in the return can only be examined during the original Assessment proceeding and not at any stage subsequent thereto. The argument is too broad and general in nature and does violence to the plain phraseology of sections 147(1) and 148 of the Act and is against the settled law laid down by this court.  We have to look to the purpose S.R.JOSHI 15 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw and intent of the provisions.  One of the purposes of section 147 appears to us to be to ensure that a party cannot get away by wilfully making  a false or  untrue statement at  the time  of original Assessment and when that falsity comes to notice, to turn around and say “you accepted my lie, now your hands are tied and you can do nothing”.  It would be a travesty of justice to allow the assessee that latitude.” 16 It was next contended on behalf of the Petitioner­Bank that in any view of the matter, the aforesaid error/ omission in computing the correct claim for bad debts is a mere computation error amenable to correction by rectification order or an error which would stand corrected by giving effect to orders passed by Appellate Authorities. Therefore there is no warrant in invoking the re­opening provisions in Section 147 of the Act. This re­opening of an assessment, it is submitted could entail serious prejudice   to   the   Petitioner­Bank   as   it   would   enable   the   Respondent­ Revenue to reassess any other income in terms of Explanation 3 to Section 147 of the Act. Reliance is placed by the Petitioner­Bank upon the decision of this Court in Hindustan Unilever Ltd. v/s. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax – 325 ITR 102 – wherein this Court held that the Assessing Officer should not exercise the power of re­opening the assessment merely because of   computational error as the same can be done by exercising power of rectification under Section 154 of the Act.  One must not loose the sight  of the fact that in the above case, the Court emphasizes that the error in the order of the assessment was not attributable to a lapse or omission on the part of the assesses. In the present case, even if one accepts that there is an error, the same has arisen on account of failure on the part of the Petitioner­Bank to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment. Moreover in the present case, the issue whether or not the incorrect taking of provision leading to a higher claim of bad S.R.JOSHI 16 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw debts  is not a mere computational error  could be a debatable issue, as is evident from the fact that the Petitioner­Bank during the course of the submissions relied upon Instruction of the CBDT dated 26 November 2008 to contend that the credit balance of the provision to be taken is the opening  balance  of  the  relevant  accounting  year and not  the  closing balance.  Therefore  in our view, the decision of the Hindustan Unilever Ltd (supra) is not applicable to the present facts. In any case the period to four   years   to   reopen   an   assessment   has   already   expired   when   the impugned notice was issued. So far as giving effect to the orders of the Appellate   Authorities   are   concerned,   the   same   would   be   given independently by the Assessing Officer and its impact, if any, could be considered during the re­assessment proceedings. 17 During the course of hearing, Ms. Vissanji, learned Counsel appearing  for  the   Petitioner­Bank filed a statement to demonstrate  that no income chargeable to tax, has escaped assessment. She also placed reliance upon orders passed by the Appellate Authorities in respect of Assessment Year 1995­96 which if taken into account, according to her, would   establish   that   no   income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped   the assessment. This  is not accepted by Mr. Chhotrary learned Counsel  for the   Respondent­Revenue.   According   to   him,   this   requires   a   detailed examination   and   this   could   be   best   done   during   re­assessment proceedings.  We do not find  that in the present facts one can conclude that ex­facie, no income chargeable to tax has escaped the assessment. The exercise would be carried out by the Assessing Officer in the re­ assessment proceedings and the same would be a detailed examination to find out whether any income chargeable to tax  has  escaped  assessment. S.R.JOSHI 17 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw At  the  present  stage,  the Assessing Officer must only have reasonable belief that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment and not be conclusively   satisfied   that   income   has   in   fact   escaped   assessment.   In exercise of our writ juri iction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, we are concerned with   juri ictional issues. The Petitioner­Bank have not bee able to show that the impugned notice dated 23rd  March 2005 is without juri iction, in so far it relates to claim for bad debts for the Assessment Year 1998­99. Depreciation:­ 18 It     is     the     case   of   the   Respondent­Revenue     that     the equipment  leased  to RESL were not put to use nor used by the Petitioner in the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1998­99. Mr. Chhotrary, learned   Counsel   appearing   for   the   Respondent­Revenue   strongly contended that the equipments have   not   been   put   to   use   by   the Petitioner­Bank  during  the Assessment Year 1998­99. He submitted that the   Petitioner­Bank   had   only   stated   that   the   equipment   was 'commissioned' during the Assessment Year 1998­99 and it was not stated that it was 'put to use'.  According to him, since the depreciation can be claimed only if the equipment is put to use, there was no full and true disclosure. The undisputed facts which were brought out in a note filed on 17 July 2000 during the assessment proceedings clearly bring out the following facts: (a) The equipments were installed and commissioned  by RESL on 31st March   1998. This   was   duly   supported   by   certificate   issued   by Karnataka   Electricity   Board,   which   records   that   the   Equipments were   connected   to   Karnataka   State   Electricity   Board   grid   and S.R.JOSHI 18 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw commissioned on 31st March, 1998. (b) Depreciation on the equipments  was not being claimed by RESL as evidenced by the   certificate of the leasee's Chartered Accountant that no depreciation was claimed by the RESL on the equipments; and (c) The possession of the leased equipments was taken from RESL in March/April 1999 due to failure to pay the installments. There is no merit in the submission that there was no full and true disclosure about the equipments being put to use. The equipment in question   was   windmill.   Karnataka   Electricity   Board   had   issued   a certificate that the windmill was connected to the grid on 31st  March 1998. Once the windmill was connected to the grid, it started contributing to   the   production   of   electricity.   A   windmill   is   put   to   use   when   it connected to the grid.   Therefore, in this case, we are not called upon to examine the distinction if any,   between 'commissioning' and 'putting it to use', considering the nature of the equipment. It may be pointed out that the Revenue did not point out any difference between the two i.e. 'commissioning' and 'putting it to use'. The confirmation of Karnataka State Electricity Board is clear. Thus, there is no failure on the above aspect to make a full and true disclosure by the Petitioner. Besides, the certificate of Karnataka State Electricity Board was before the Assessing Officer while making the assessment under Section 143(3) of the Act and forming  an opinion  that the equipments were put to use   on 31 st March, 1998. Therefore, the ground that the equipments were not put to use on 31st March, 1998, is a mere change of opinion. S.R.JOSHI 19 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw The Assessing Officer in the Assessment Order dated 28th February 2001 examined the Petitioner's claim and granted depreciation at the rate of 50% on the equipments after having examined the applicability of Section 32 of the Act. The Assessment Order also makes a reference to the decision of the of the Supreme Court in CIT v/s. Shaan Finance (P) Ltd., 231 – ITR 308  – wherein it has been held that when the assessee's business   is   giving   on     hire   machinery,   then   the   assessee   must   be considered to have used the machinery for the purpose of its business when it gives the machinery on hire. Thus there was an application of mind and formation of opinion by the Assessing Officer while passing the Assessment Order dated 28 February 2001. 19 Therefore   the   impugned  notice   dated  23rd  March   2005 seeking to re­open the assessment on the ground of depreciation is merely a change of opinion on the part of the Assessing Officer. Consequently, the reasons recorded for re­opening the assessment for the Assessment Year 1998­99 on the ground of depreciation is not sustainable. Therefore, we set aside the re­opening notice to the extent it relates to depreciation on equipments. 20 In view of the above, we pass the following order:­ (i) The impugned notice dated 23rd March 2005 is not interfered to the extent the reasons in support thereof are with regard to bad debts; and (ii) The impugned notice dated 23rd  March 2005 is set aside to the extent   the   reasons   in   support   thereof   are   with   regard   to depreciation on equipments. S.R.JOSHI 20 of 21 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2355-2005.sxw Therefore, the impugned notice dated 23rd  March 2005 is valid only to the extent it seeks to re­assess the Petitioner­Bank on account of its claim for bad debts. 21 Accordingly, Petition is partly allowed.  No order as to costs.

(N.M.JAMDAR,J.) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.)

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