SLUM REHABILITATION AUTHORITY vs. THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF INCOME-TAX EXEMPTION 1 (2) MUMBAI AND 3 ORS.

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WP/2542/2014HC Bombay29 October 2014Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SONAK12 pages
AI SummaryPartly Allowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that while the Petitioner's activities in rehabilitating slum dwellers are likely to be considered for charitable purposes and it has made out a fairly arguable case, an unconditional stay of the demand is not warranted. This is primarily because the Petitioner's Section 12A registration, which enables it to claim exemption under Section 11, has been cancelled for the subject Assessment Year 2011-12, and an appeal against this cancellation is pending before the Tribunal. The Court acknowledged that previous decisions were based on the definition of 'charitable purpose' prior to the introduction of the proviso to Section 2(15), and the impact of this amendment requires detailed examination. The Court also noted that the Petitioner's activities are not entirely devoid of commercial elements, as indicated by the Assessing Officer's assessment order. Therefore, the interest of justice would be met by directing the Petitioner to deposit 10% of the demand (Rs. 53.71 Crores) within six weeks. Upon this deposit, a complete stay of the recovery of the balance demand would be granted till the disposal of the Petitioner's appeal by the CIT(A). The Court clarified that its observations were confined to the stay application and would not prejudice the pending appeal.

What were the facts?

The Petitioner, Slum Rehabilitation Authority, challenged orders dated May 30, 2014, and July 25, 2014, which rejected its application for a stay of a demand of Rs. 53.71 Crores. This demand arose from an assessment order dated February 19, 2014, for Assessment Year 2011-12. The Petitioner, a statutory authority established under the Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Act, 1971, has been claiming exemption under Section 11 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, since Assessment Year 2003-04. Previous appeals by the Revenue for earlier assessment years regarding exemption under Section 11 were dismissed by the Tribunal and upheld by the High Court. However, a proviso added to Section 2(15) of the Act by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2009, effective from April 1, 2009, introduced a restriction on 'charitable purpose' if it involved trade, commerce, or business.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Petitioner is entitled to an unconditional stay of the demand of Rs. 53.71 Crores till the disposal of its appeal by the CIT(A), considering its activities of slum rehabilitation are for a charitable purpose under Section 2(15) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, and not hit by the proviso to Section 2(15). Assessee's Arguments: The Petitioner argued that its activities of slum rehabilitation are for a charitable purpose, falling under 'relief to the poor' and are not in the nature of trade, commerce, or business, thus the proviso to Section 2(15) is inapplicable. It relied on previous Tribunal and High Court decisions upholding its claim for exemption and CBDT Instruction No. 1949. It contended that a prima facie case warrants an unconditional stay. Revenue's Arguments: The Revenue argued that previous decisions were rendered before the introduction of the proviso to Section 2(15), and the amendment necessitates a detailed examination of its impact on the Petitioner's activities. The Assessing Officer concluded that the Petitioner's activity is commercial and hit by the proviso. The Revenue also noted that the Petitioner's Section 12A registration was cancelled.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 11,Section 2(15),Section 220(6),Section 263,Section 12A,Section 156

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
wp-2542-2014.sxw IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO. 2542 OF 2014 Slum Rehabilitation Authority .. Petitioner. V/s. The Deputy Director of Income Tax Exemption 1(2) & Others .. Respondents. Mr. S. E. Dastoor, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Nishant Thakkar i/b. Mint and  Confreres, for the Petitioner. Mr. Suresh Kumar, for the Respondents.  CORAM:  M.S.SANKLECHA, &         M.S.SONAK, JJ. DATE    :  29th OCTOBER, 2014. JUDGMENT:­( Per M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) At the request of the Counsel for the parties, Petition is taken  up for final disposal at the stage of admission. 2 The challenge in this Petition are to the orders dated 30th  May, 2014 passed by the Assessing Officer and 25th July, 2014 passed by  the Director of Income Tax ­Exemption, under the Income Tax Act, 1961  (the Act).  Both the impugned orders rejected Petitioner's application for  stay of demand of Rs.53.71Crores, arising from the order of assessment  dated   19th  February,   2014   for   the   Assessment   Year   2011­12,   till   the  disposal of the Petitioner's appeal from it by the Commissioner of Income  Tax (Appeal) [CIT(A)].   S.R.JOSHI 1 of 12 CNR No : HCBM020190502014 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:24:41 wp-2542-2014.sxw 3 The Petitioner is a statutory authority established under the  Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment)  Act, 1971(Slum Act 1971). The Petitioner has been set up  to formulate,  implement and execute schemes to achieve the rehabilitation of slum  areas and its inhabitants. 4 The Petitioner from the Assessment Year 2003­04 onwards  has been claiming exemption from payment of Income Tax under Section  11 of the Act. For the Assessment Years 2003­04 to 2008­09 the Assessing  Officer had denied the exemption to the Petitioner. On appeal, the CIT(A)  upheld the Petitioner's claim for exemption under Section 11 of the Act for  Assessment Years 2003­04 to 2008­09. The Respondent­Revenue being  aggrieved   by   the   orders   of   the   CIT(A)   appealed   to   the   Income   Tax  Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal). By orders dated 30th September, 2011 and  18th  July,   2012,   the   Tribunal   dismissed   the   Revenue's   appeal   for  Assessment   Years   2005­06,   2007­08   and   2008­09   holding   that   the  Petitioner is entitled to exemption under Section 11 of the Act, as its  activity stands   covered by the definition of 'charitable purpose' under  Section 2(15) of the Act. Moreover, the Tribunal in its order dated 30th  September,   2011   for   the   Assessment   Year   2007­08,   inter   alia,   also  observes   that   the   primary   purpose   and   pre­dominant   object   of   the  Petitioner was to provide residence to slum dwellers without any profit  motive.   5 By Finance (No.2.) Act, 2009 w.e.f. 1st April, 2009, a proviso  was added to the definition of 'charitable purpose'  in Section 2(15) of the  Act.  By the addition of the proviso, an advancement of any other object of  general public utility would not be considered to be one for charitable  S.R.JOSHI 2 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:24:41 wp-2542-2014.sxw purpose, if it involved the carrying on of any activity in the nature of  trade, commerce or business. However, for the Assessment Years 2009­10  and 2010­11, the Assessing Officer during the assessment proceeding did  raise the issue of the Petitioner not being entitled to exemption in view of  amendment of Section 2(15) of the Act but finally granted the benefit of  Section 2(15) of the Act.  However, the Assessment Orders for both the  Assessment   Years   2009­10   and   2011­11   have   been   reviewed   by   the  Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   under   Section   263   of   the   Act   and   the  Petitioner's appeal to the Tribunal from the same are pending. 6 For the subject Assessment Year i.e. Assessment Year 2011­12,  the Petitioner filed its Return of Income claiming benefit of exemption  under Section 11 of the Act and offered 'nil income' to tax. On 19th  February, 2014  the  Assessing Officer  passed  an  Assessment Order for  Assessment Year 2011­12 denying the benefit of exemption under Section  11   of   the   Act   on   the   ground   that   the   Petitioner's   activity   of   slum  rehabilitation was hit by the newly added proviso to Section 2(15) of the  Act. 7 Being aggrieved by the Assessment Order dated 19th February,  2014, Petitioner  filed an appeal as on 19th March, 2014 to the CIT(A).  Immediately thereafter on 25th March, 2014, the Petitioner filed with the  Assessing Officer an application for stay of the recovery of the demand  under Section 220(6) of the Act till the disposal of its appeal by the  CIT(A).  8 The Assessing Officer by the impugned order dated 30th May,  2014, granted partial stay, directing the Petitioner to pay 50% of the  entire payment of Rs.53.71 Crores on or before 16th  June, 2014.   The  S.R.JOSHI 3 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:24:41 wp-2542-2014.sxw impugned order partially rejected the stay application on the following  grounds:­ (i) Petitioner had not pleaded financial hardship; (ii) Mere filing of an Appeal to CIT(A) does not warrant a grant of stay;  (iii) The issue raised in the stay application were already considered at the time of passing an Assessment Order dated 19th February, 2014; and (iv) The Petitioner's registration under Section 12A of the Act, enabling the availing of exemption under Section 11 of the Act was canceled by the Commissioner of Income Tax by order dated 27th  March, 2014.  (We are informed that appeal for the order dated 27th March  2014 is pending before the Tribunal).  9 Being   aggrieved   by   the   order   dated   30th  May,   2014,   the  Petitioner   filed   an   application   before   the   Director   of   Income  Tax(Exemption).     On   25th  July,   2014,   the   Director   of   Income  Tax(Exemption)     rejected   the   Petitioner's   application   for   stay   on   the  ground that proviso to Section 2(15) of the Act which is newly added  would   take   the   Petitioner's   activity   outside   the   scope   of   charitable  purpose. The Director of Income Tax(Exemption) varied the order of the  Assessing Officer and directed the Petitioner to pay the entire amount  demanded and at least Rs.25Crores within a period of 15 days from the  receipt of the order dated 25th July, 2014.  10 Mr.   Dastur,   learned   Senior   Counsel   appearing   for   the  Petitioner submits that in the present facts, an unconditional stay of the  demand raised consequent to the order dated 19th February 2014 of the  Assessing Officer, ought to have been granted by the Assessing Officer and  S.R.JOSHI 4 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:24:41 wp-2542-2014.sxw Director of Income Tax(Exemption) till the disposal of the appeal by the  CIT(A).  This on the ground that the activities carried out by the Petitioner  would be covered within the meaning of charitable purpose as it provide  relief to the poor i.e rehabilitating the slums dwellers. This is evident from  its obligation  under the Slum Act, 1971. Therefore, the proviso to Section  2(15) of the Act would have no application to the present facts as it is  applicable only with regard to the activities of advancement of  any  other  object   of general public utility. Without prejudice, it is submitted that  even if the proviso to Section 2(15) of the Act is sought to be invoked it  would not apply as the Petitioner's  activity     is   absent   of   any     profit  motive. Therefore, its activities is not in the nature of trade, commerce  and business. In fact, the Tribunal in its order dated 30th September 2011  for Assessment Year 2007­08 has held that the activities carried out by the  Petitioner   is   charitable   in  nature   and  is   absent  of   any   profit   motive.  Thereafter, the order of the  Tribunal for Assessment Years 2005­06, 2007­ 08 and 2008­09 has been upheld by this Court in Income Tax Appeal No.  655 of 2012 rendered on 8th March, 2013 when the Appeal of the Revenue  was dismissed. Thus, prima facie, exemption is available under Section 11  of the Act and in view of the binding decision, a complete stay of the  demand till the disposal of the appeal by the CIT(A) ought to  have   been  granted.  It is also submitted in Instruction No.1949 dated 2nd December  1993 issued by the CBDT also supports the petitioner. 11 As against the above, Mr. Suresh Kumar, learned Counsel  appearing   for   the   Respondent­Revenue   states   that   the   orders   of   the  Tribunal for the Assessment Years 2005­06, 2007­08 and 2008­09 were all  passed in  the  context  of  definition  'charitable  purpose' under  Section  2(15) of the Act as then existing i.e. without the proviso. Therefore, in  S.R.JOSHI 5 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:24:41 wp-2542-2014.sxw view of the change in law, the Petitioner will not be entitled to take the  benefit   of   the   aforesaid   decision   of   the   Tribunal   and   of   this   Court,  disposing of the Revenue's appeal from the order of the Tribunal.  It was  submitted that Petitioner's registration under Section 12A of the Act has  been canceled by an order dated 27th March 2014 with retrospective effect  covering the subject Assessment Year 2011­12.  Therefore, the Petitioner  will  not  in any event be entitled to the benefit of Section 11 of the Act. 12   The   parameters   for   disposing   of   an   application   for   stay  pending disposal of Appeal before the Appellate Authority under the Act  are fairly settled. This Court in  KEC International Limited v/s. B. R.  Balakrishnan   251   ITR   158   –  laid   down   following   parameters   for  disposing of the stay applications:­ “(a) While   considering   the   stay   application,   the   authority  concerned will at least briefly set out the case of the assessee. (b) In cases where the assessed income under the impugned  order far exceeds returned income, the authority will consider  whether the assesssee has made out a case for unconditional  stay. If not, whether looking to the questions involved in appeal,  a part of the amount should be ordered to   be deposited for  which purpose, some short prima facie reasons could be given

by the authority in its order. (c) In   cases   where   the   assessee   relies   upon   financial difficulties, the authority concerned can briefly indicate whether the   assessee   is   financially   sound   and   viable   to   deposit   the amount if the authority wants the assessee to so deposit. (d) The authority concerned will also examine whether the time to prefer  an appeal    has expired.   Generally, coercive measures may not be adopted during the period provided by the statute to go in appeal.   However, if the authority concerned comes to the conclusion that the assessee is likely to defeat the demand, it may take recourse to coercive action for which brief S.R.JOSHI 6 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2542-2014.sxw reasons may  be indicated in the order. (e) We clarify that if the authority concerned complies with the   above   parameters   while   passing   orders   on   the   stay application, then the authorities on the administrative side of the   Department   like   respondent   No.2   herein   need   not   once again give reasoned order. The   above   parameters   are   not   exhaustive.   They   are   only recommendatory in nature.” The aforesaid directions were reiterated by this Court in UTI Mutual Funds v/s. ITO 345 ITR 71 while laying additional parameters in respect of disposal of stay applications, are as under:­ “1. …. …. …. …. 2. …. …. …. ….

3.

If the Assessing Officer has taken a view contrary to what has been held in the preceding previous years without there being a material change in facts or law, that is a relevant consideration in deciding the application for stay. 4. …. …. …. ….

5.

In exercising the powers of stay, the Income Tax Officer should not act as a mere tax gatherer but as a quasi judicial authority vested with the public duty of protecting the interest of the Revenue while at the same time balancing the need to mitigate hardship to the assessee.  Though the assessing officer has   made   an   assessment,   he   must   objectively   decide   the application for stay considering that an appeal lies against his order:   the   matter   must   be   considered   from   all   its   facets, balancing the interest of the assessee with the protection of the Revenue.” 13 We have considered the submissions. At the very outset, it must be pointed out that the manner in which the Assessing Officer has disposed of the application for stay by impugned order dated 30th  May, 2014 is in complete breach of the directions of this Court as set out herein above.   Besides   in   any  event   the   tests   applied   to   dispose   of   the   stay S.R.JOSHI 7 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2542-2014.sxw application by the impugned order dated 30th  May, 2014 are not at all germane to disposing of the stay application. The first test applied is absence of financial hardship being pleaded. This issue was a subject matter of consideration by the Court in UTI Mutual Fund v/s. ITO in W. P. (L) No.523 of 2013 rendered on 6th March 2013 (Dr. D. Y. Chandrachud & A. A. Sayed, JJ.) and it was held that it is not the law that in the absence of financial hardship, no stay of recovery can be granted.  The Court held that where a strong prima facie case is made out, a direction to deposit would itself cause financial hardship. Therefore, in our view, the Assessing Officer must deal with the prima facie merits of the Petitioner's case in appeal and if the same is covered against the revenue in view of a decision of a superior forum then the question of considering the issue of financial hardship   may not arise. Financial hardship is relevant only when the assessee is unable to make out a case on merits for an unconditional stay of the demand.  In this case, the Assessing Officer has not dealt with the prima facie case. Moreover, in the impugned order dated 30th May, 2014, the Assessing Officer has not dealt with the issue as it has already been dealt with in the Assessment Order. If this justification  is to be accepted there is no reason for the Act to provide for a stay of demand by the Assessing officer  till the disposal of the appeal by the CIT(A). This is also contrary to the guidelines laid down in UTI Mutual Funds (345 ITR 71) that  'though   the   Assessing   Officer   had   made   an   assessment,   he   must objectively decide the application for stay considering that an appeal lies against his order..' Therefore, at one stage, we were considering to restore the issue for fresh consideration by the Assessing Officer.   However, we find that the Director of Income Tax(Exemption) has by the impugned order   dated   25th  July,   2014   disposed   of   the   application   for   stay   on S.R.JOSHI 8 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2542-2014.sxw consideration of relevant grounds unlike the Assessing Officer. Therefore, we decided to examine the impugned orders and dispose of the petition on merits.

14 We find that the orders of the Tribunal for the Assessment Years 2005­06, 2007­08 and 2008­09 as well as the order of the this Court disposing of the Revenue's appeal from the above orders of the Tribunal on  which much reliance  was  placed  upon   by  the   Petitioner  were  all rendered in the context of Section 2(15) of the Act as then existing i.e. prior to the introduction of the proviso. Thus, there is admittedly a change in the  law and above decisions may not apply without considering the impact of the amendment i.e. the proviso.   This aspect has also been provided in the  guidelines laid down in UTI Mutual Fund (345 ITR 71 ) (supra). The introduction of the proviso would be a matter requiring a detailed examination with regard to its effect/ impact on the Petitioner's activity claimed to be carried out for a charitable purpose. The Assessing Officer has reached the conclusion in the Assessment Order dated 19th February 2014 that the activity of the Petitioner is in   the nature of a commercial activity and, therefore, hit by the proviso to Section 2(15) of the Act. 15 However, this does not mean that the petitioner has not made out even a fairly arguable case that  rehabilitation of the slum dwellers would be  a charitable purpose. Besides, we were taken by the Petitioner's counsel   through   the   provisions   of   the   Slum     Act   1971   which   again indicated that the activity of the Petitioner in rehabilitating the slum dwellers would be an object of general public utility. However, all these would be a matter which would require consideration at the final hearing. S.R.JOSHI 9 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2542-2014.sxw Therefore, though we find some substance in the Petitioner's claim of Charitable   purposes,   keeping   in   view   the   fact   that   the   Petitioner's registration under Section 12A of the Act has been canceled even for subject Assessment Year  by the order dated 27th March 2014 and though appeal from  the same is pending before the Tribunal, no stay is obtained at   least,   as   of   today,   the   Petitioner   is   not   entitled   to   the   benefit   of exemption under Section 11 of the Act for the subject  Assessment Year 2011­12. Therefore, in the above facts, unconditional grant of stay of the demand   till   the   disposal   of   the   appeal   by   the   CIT(A)   would   not   be warranted. 16 However it was urged on behalf of the petitioner   that a prima facie case by itself would warrant an unconditional stay till the disposal of the appeal by the first appellate authority. A prima facie case would mean an an arguable case on first look/appearance. There are varying shades/degrees of a prima  facie  case.  An issue which  stands concluded by a decision of a higher forum in favour of the applicant, if not distinguishable on the face of it, would warrant an unconditional stay. Conversely, if the issue is covered against the applicant by a decision of an higher forum then complete deposit of amounts attributable to the issue would be justified. The fact that the issue is in further appeal would not by itself reduce the binding effect of the decision of the higher forum. Similarly another instance of strong prima facie case which would warrant an   unconditional   stay   would   be   an   instance   where   the   order   being appealled against is in breach of principles of natural justice. However where the issue is not concluded one way or the other by a decision of a higher forum, then the Authority considering the stay application would S.R.JOSHI 10 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2542-2014.sxw have to prima facie consider on the face of the impugned order, the likelihood of the applicant succeeding in appeal. This need not be detailed examination but a first look examination and on that basis it is for the authority to exercise his discretion in law and grant such stay depending upon  likelihood of success in appeal. At this stage various other factors such as financial hardship, balance of convenience etc would enter into consideration to decide the terms of the stay of demand, if any. These are general principles for guidance, illustrative in nature and the Authorities must exercise their discretion in law depending upon the facts before them. 17

Therefore on the application of the above tests   bearing in mind that the Petitioner is working   towards the rehabilitation of slum dwellers, it is very likely that the Appellate Authority may hold its activity to be for Charitable purposes. Therefore the  interest of justice would be met if the Petitioner is  directed to deposit 10% of the amount of Rs.53.71 Crores within six weeks from today and on the Petitioner making the deposit, there would be a complete stay of recovery of balance demand raised under Section 156 of the Act for the Assessment Year 2011­12, till the disposal of the Petitioner's appeal by the CIT(A).  In case the order of CIT(A) is adverse to the Petitioner, then as laid down by this Court in UTI Mutual Fund ­345 ITR 71 (supra) the stay would continue till the period of filing an appeal to a higher forum expires. Further  if a stay application is filed before the higher forum in its pending appeal, then till the disposal of the stay application by the higher forum. 18 However, we must make it clear that the observations in the present judgment are confined only for the disposal of the application for S.R.JOSHI 11 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2542-2014.sxw stay.  The observations made in the present order would not prejudice the Petitioner and the Respondent­Revenue in any manner in the pending appeal. 19 Accordingly, the Petition is disposed of in the above terms with no order as to costs. (M.S.SONAK,J.) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.)

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