CROMPTON GREAVES LTD. vs. ACIT, CIRCLE 6(2), MUMBAI AND 2 ORS.

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WP/224/2007HC Bombay22 December 2014Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SONAK14 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the reassessment notice and the consequent reassessment order were liable to be quashed. The primary reason was that the jurisdictional parameter under the proviso to Section 147 was not fulfilled. The Court found that the petitioner had made full and true disclosures of material facts concerning the determination of MAT liability, including the set-off of PPGM's losses and the debiting of capital loss to its profit and loss account. These disclosures were specifically considered by the Assessing Officer in the original assessment order dated March 21, 2002, under Section 143(3). The Court noted that the assessment order itself reflected this consideration. Therefore, there was no failure on the part of the assessee to disclose material facts, and the reopening of the assessment was not justified. The Court also found that the issuance of the notice and the order violated principles of natural justice due to the haste with which the proceedings were conducted. Consequently, the Court quashed the impugned notice and reassessment order.

What were the facts?

The petitioner, Crompton Greaves Ltd., filed a writ petition challenging the assumption of jurisdiction by the Commissioner of Income Tax under Sections 147 and 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for Assessment Year 1999-2000. This involved a notice dated March 29, 2006, and a reassessment order dated December 26, 2006. The petitioner had amalgamated with Punjab Power Generation Machines Ltd. (PPGM) and filed its return, including a revised return, disclosing information for MAT liability under Section 115JA. The original assessment under Section 143(3) on March 21, 2002, had considered the set-off of PPGM's losses against the petitioner's book profits. The reassessment notice was issued more than four years after the end of the assessment year.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the notice dated March 29, 2006, under Section 148, issued beyond four years from the end of Assessment Year 1999-2000, was valid, considering the proviso to Section 147, which requires failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment? The petitioner argued that there was no such failure, as all material facts regarding MAT computation and set-off of PPGM's losses were fully and truly disclosed and considered in the original assessment under Section 143(3). The revenue did not record any specific arguments on this point. 2. Whether the reassessment was based on a mere change of opinion by the Assessing Officer, particularly concerning the computation of MAT liability under Section 115JA and the debiting of capital expenditure? The petitioner contended that the Assessing Officer had already considered these aspects in the original assessment, making the reassessment impermissible. The revenue did not record any specific arguments on this point. 3. Whether the reassessment order was issued in violation of principles of natural justice due to haste? The petitioner argued that the objections were disposed of and the reassessment order passed in an unreasonably short period, including holidays.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 147,Section 148,Section 139(1),Section 139(5),Section 115JA,Section 143(3),Section 72A(1),Section 115J

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
dss 1/14 JUDGMENT WP 224-07   IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO. 224  OF  2007 Crompton Greaves Ltd. .. Petitioner versus Assistant Commissioner of Income­tax, Circle 6(2) & Ors. .. Respondents Mr. S.E. Dastur, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Nishant Thakkar and Mr. Rajesh  Poojary i/b. Mulla and Mulla C.B. & C., for the Petitioner. Mr. Suresh Kumar, for the Respondents.   CORAM:  M. S. SANKLECHA, &         M. S. SONAK, JJ. DATE    :  22 DECEMBER, 2014.

ORAL JUDGMENT : (Per : M. S. Sonak, J.) 1] By this petition under Article 226 of   the Constitution of India, the petitioner   questions  the assumption  of  juri iction  by  the Commissioner of Income Tax [Circle 6(2)], Mumbai under Sections 147 and 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) by   issuing   notice   dated   29   March   2006   as   well   as   the   consequent Reassessment Order dated 26 December 2006. 2] The brief factual matrix,   in which the petition came to be filed,   is set out hereafter : (A) The relevant Assessment Year  is 1999­2000; 1 of 14 CNR No : HCBM020018942007 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 2/14 (B) Vide a Scheme sanctioned by the Board of Industrial and   Financial   Reconstruction   (BIFR)   on   16   April   1999, Punjab   Power   Generation   Machines   Ltd.   (“PPGM”) amalgamated with the petitioner with effect from 1 April 1997. The final accounts of the petitioner for the year ended 31 March 1998 were approved by its Board on 14 May 1999. Similarly, the final accounts of  PPGM were also approved by the Board on 11 March 1999. PPGM also made necessary declaration under Section 72A(1) of the Act for availing the benefit of  setting off and carrying forward of losses on 31 August 1999; (C) The petitioner filed its return of income in terms of Section   139(1)   of   the   Act   on   31   December   1999   and thereafter, on 31 March 2000, a revised return of income under Section 139(5) of the Act. In its return of income, the petitioner made the necessary disclosures for determination of MAT liability in terms of Section 115JA of the Act; (D) Assessing Officer made an assessment order dated 21 March 2002 under Section 143(3) of the Act. In doing so, the Assessing Officer clearly took into consideration   the disclosures made by the petitioner in its return of income referred to herein above. On the said basis, the Assessing Officer allowed the claim of the petitioner and set off the loss of   PPGM for the financial year 1998­99 against the book profits of the petitioner for that financial year for the 2 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 3/14 purposes of determining the petitioner's MAT liability under Section 115JA of the Act; (E) The impugned notice under Section 148 of the Act was issued on 29 March 2006 (Exhibit­G to the petition), which  is admittedly after the expiry of four years from  the end of  the relevant assessment year i.e. 1999­00 seeking to reopen the assessment. Reasons in support  of the impugned notice were supplied to  the petitioner only on 16 November 2006   even   though   the   same   were   demanded   by   the petitioner   on   20   April   2006. The   petitioner   lodged   its objections   on   22   November   2006   and   the   same   were disposed of by the Assessing Officer, on 21 December 2006; (F) Soon   thereafter,   i.e.,   on   26   December   2006,   the Assessment Officer proceeded to complete the reassessment proceedings and make reassessment order (Exhibit ­ M to the petition). 3] This petition was filed on or about 25 January 2007. Rule was   issued   on   26   March   2007   and   by   way   of   interim   relief,   the respondents were restrained from taking any steps to recover any demand raised in pursuance of the impugned notice dated 29 March 2006 and the impugned reassessment order dated 26 December 2006. 4] Mr. S.E. Dastur, the learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner has basically questioned   the assumption of juri iction to reassess the 3 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 4/14 petitioner's income for the Assessment Year 1999­2000, inter alia, on the following grounds :­ (A) The notice dated 29 March 2006 under Section 148 of the Act proposing to reassess the petitioner's income for the Assessment   Year   1999­00     has   admittedly   been   issued beyond the period of four years from the end of Assessment Year   1999­00. Accordingly,   the   present   case   would   be governed by the proviso to Section 147 of the Act, which in terms provides that no action shall be taken under Section 147 of the Act unless any income chargeable of tax has escaped  assessment  by reason of the failure on part of the Assessee   to   disclose   fully   and   truly   all   material   facts necessary for his assessment, for that Assessment Year. In the present case, it was submitted that there is neither any allegation in the impugned notice dated 29 March 2006 nor do the circumstances warrant any inference that  there was any  failure on the  part  of  the petitioner – Assessee   to disclose fully and truly   all material   facts necessary for assessment. In fact, the circumstances would  indicate that there was not only full and true disclosure of all material facts, with regard to its claim for MAT computation after consideration  of loss  of PPGML.  Further    such  disclosed material facts were specifically taken into consideration  by the Assessing Officer in making the Assessment Order dated 21 March 2002 under Section 143(3) of the Act.  Similarly with   regard   to   the   second   issue   in   the   reasons   viz.   by debiting capital expenditure to the profit and loss account 4 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 5/14 the net profit declared was defaulted, is on the basis of the profit and loss account already filed and considered in the regular   proceedings.   Therefore,   it   was   urged,   that   in absence   of   the   fulfillment   of   such   vital   juri ictional parameter,     the   assumption   of   juri iction     by   the Commissioner of Income Tax, was clearly ultra vires, null and void; (B) In the alternative, it was submitted that in any case, with   regard   to   the   computation   of   MAT   liability   under Section   115JA   of   the   Act,   the   Assessing   Officer   has considered the claim while passing the assessment order dated 21  March  2002  under Section  143  (3)  in regular assessment   proceedings.   Therefore,   it   is   a   clear   case   of change   of   opinion.   Therefore,   the   impugned   notice   and consequent reassessment order are without juri iction; (C) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 6/14 provides that income from capital gains is to be included in the book profits for the purposes of determining deemed income under Section 115J of the Act, as a logical corollary, it   follows   that   capital   loss,   is   also   to   be   taken   into consideration for determination of deemed income under Section 115J of the Act. The issue raised, is therefore, no longer res integra. The reason, which the Commissioner has relied upon, for reopening the assessment, constitutes no reason at all in the eyes of law.  Thus, there was no reason to   believe   that   income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped assessment. Thus this ground is also   on basis of a mere change of opinion, which is impermissible under the law; (D) The impugned reassessment order was issued in great haste and in violation of principles of natural justice and fair play. The objections raised by the petitioner to the reopening of the assessment were disposed of on 21 December 2006. The period between 22 December 2006 to 25 December 2006 were not working days. On the immediate next date, i.e.,   on   26   December   2006,   the   impugned   reassessment order   has   been   made,   in   an   attempt   to   present   'fait accompli'. Such approach has been frowned upon by this Court in case of Asian Paints vs. Dy. CIT – 296 ITR 90 and the Assessing Officer have been directed to wait for four weeks after disposal of the objection before commencing reassessment proceedings. 6 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 7/14 5] Mr.   Suresh   Kumar,   the   learned   counsel   for   the   Revenue submitted that in this case the reassessment order has already been made on 26 December 2006. As against the same, the petitioner can always avail the ordinary remedies of appeal etc. under the Act. This Court, therefore,   ought   not  to   exercise   its   extra   ordinary   juri iction   in   the matter. Further, learned counsel pointed out that the mere absence of statement in the impugned notice that there was no failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose full and truly all material facts, was by no means fatal to the assumption of juri iction under Sections 147 and 148 of the Act, particularly since a holistic reading of the impugned notice, made out a prima­facie case of failure to disclose. For these reasons, learned counsel submitted that the petition as filed, is liable to be dismissed. 6] In order to evaluate the rival contentions, it is necessary to advert to the relevant statutory provisions contained in Section 147(1) of the Act and the first proviso thereto : “147. If the [Assessing] Officer [has reason   to believe) that any income  may, subject to the provisions of sections 148 to 153, assess or reassess such income and also  any other   income   chargeable   to   tax   which   has   escaped assessment and which comes to his notice subsequently in the   course   of   the   proceedings   under   this   section,   or recompute the loss or the depreciation  allowance or any other allowance, as the case may be, for the assessment year concerned  (hereinafter in this  section and in sections 148 to 153 referred to as the relevant assessment year): Provided   that   where   an   assessment     under   sub­ section (3) of section 143 or this section has been made for the   relevant   assessment   year,   no   action   shall   be   taken under this section after the expiry of four years from the end of the relevant assessment year, unless any income chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped   assessment     for   such assessment year by reason of the failure on the part of the 7 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 8/14 assessee   to   make   a   return     under   section   139   or   in response to a notice issued under sub­section (1) of section 142   or   section   148   or   to   disclose   fully   and   truly   all material   facts   necessary   for   his   assessment,   for   that assessment year.” 7] From the aforesaid, it is   clear that where the assessment under sub section (3) of Section 143 of the Act has  been made for the relevant assessment year, no action can  be taken under Section 147 of the Act after the expiry of four years  from the end of the relevant assessment year, unless any income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment for such assessment year by reason of the failure on the part of the Assessee to make a return under Section 139 or in response to a notice issued under sub section (1) of Section 142 or Section 148 or to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment for that assessment year. 8] In the present case, there is no dispute that the impugned notice dated 29 March 2012 seeking to reopen assessment has been issued after the expiry of four years from the end of the relevant assessment year i.e. 1999­00. Accordingly, there is no dispute whatsoever that the proviso to Section 147 of the Act is clearly attracted.  The juri ictional issue with which we are concerned is whether there was any failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose fully and truly all the material facts necessary for his assessment in the assessment year 1999­00. 9] The aforesaid issue shall have to be considered, in the context of the reasons supplied by the respondents for the issuance of impugned notice dated 29 March 2006. The reasons, which came to be supplied only on 16 November 2006, read thus : 8 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 9/14 “On perusal of the case record, it is seen that the assessee while computing the book profit deducted the loss suffered   by   an   industrial   unit   amalgamated   with   the assessee   company,   in   the   previous   year   relevant   to   the assessment   year   1997­98. According   to   assessee's   own statement the accounts of the loss  making company was being published separately even after its amalgamation. According  to the MAT provisions the amount of profit of a sick   industrial   company   for   the   assessment   year commencing   from   the   assessment   year   relevant   to   the previous year in which the company has become a sick industrial company and ending with the assessment year during which the entire net worth of such company has become equal to or exceeds the accumulated losses can only be claimed as deduction for computing the book loss. The net   profit   for   this   purpose   is   to   be   adopted   from   the certified     profit   and   loss   account   and   then   deduct   the business loss or deprecation which ever is less and as such the   assessee has   reduced   the   book   profit   by Rs.5,30,52,654/­ instead of Rs.1,60,00,000/­. Further it is observed that there was no book loss to be adjusted from the net profit as per the certified accounts of the assessee company. Hence the deduction of loss of the sick industrial unit from the profit of the assessee company was not in order as the assessee company was not a sick company. By doing   so,   the     assessee   has   under   stated   its   income amounting to Rs.1,11,15,796/­ under the book profit u/s 115JA of the IT Act. Further it is seen that the assessees were   debiting capital expenditure of various types such as loss on sale of assets,   etc.   which  were   inadmissible   as   per  the   normal provisions of the act and were added back for computing the income under the normal provisions of the Act. By debiting   such   excessive   and   inadmissible   capital expenditure to the profit and loss accounts, the assessees succeeded in declaring less net profit and there by less book profits.   By   doing   so,   the   assessee   has   under   stated   its income under the book profit u/s 115JA of the IT Act. By doing so, the assessee understated the   income under the book profit u/s 115JA of the IT Act to the above 9 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 10/14 extent. I am, therefore, satisfied that this is a fit case to be re­opened u/s. 147 of the IT Act, 1961. Since, assessment u/s. 143(3) has been completed and a period of four years from the end of the  relevant assessment year has lapsed, hence, the case needs to be approved by the Commissioner of Income tax, City­6, Mumbai under the provisions of section 151(1) of the I.T. Act, 1961. Therefore, the case is submitted for approval so that notice u/s. 148 of the IT Act may be issued.” 10] It is   significant  to  note  that  neither  the  impugned  notice dated   29   March   2006   nor   the   reasons   supplied   in   support   thereof specifically state that there was any failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose fully and truly all the material facts necessary for its assessment for the relevant assessment year. No doubt, Mr. Suresh Kumar is  right in his submission   that the mere failure to incant the words or phrases employed in the statute with regard to failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts, is  not necessarily fatal to the assumption of juri iction under Sections 147 and 148 of the Act.  However, this is subject to the rider   that   there   must   be   cogent   and   clear   indication   in   the   reasons supplied, that in fact there was failure on the part of the Assessee to disclose fully and truly all the material facts necessary for its assessment. If the factum of failure to  disclose can be culled down from the reasons in support of the notice seeking to reopen assessment, then the mere failure to repeat words or phrases of the statute is certainly not fatal to the assumption of juri iction. However, if from the reasons, no case of failure to disclose is made out, then certainly the assumption of juri iction under Sections 147 and 148 of the Act would be  ultra  vires,  being in excess   of   the   juri ictional   restraints   imposed   by   the   first   proviso   to Section 147 of the Act. 10 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 11/14 11] Income Tax & Ors. (No. 1)   268 ITR 332,   it is necessary    whilst supplying the reasons for the issuance of notices under Sections 147 and 148 of the Act to communicate as to which fact or material was not disclosed by the Assessee fully and truly, that has resulted in the income escaping assessment. It is for the Assessing Officer to disclose and open his mind through the reasons recorded by him. The reasons so recorded must be clear and unambiguous  and not suffer from any vagueness.  Reasons recorded should be self explanatory   and should not keep the Assessee guessing as to the facts or materials , which he may not have fully or truly disclosed for the purposes of assessment of his income.   In fact the record of   reasons   and   their   disclosure   is   a   vital   safeguard   against   arbitrary reopening   of   concluded   assessment.   The   reasons   so   recorded   and disclosed, cannot even be supplemented by filing affidavits or making oral submissions. 12] In the context of the reasons recorded, it  is to be noted that in the present case apart from there being no allegation therein that there was  any failure on the part of the petitioner to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment, even otherwise, the reasons as recorded give no clue whatsoever as to the alleged failure on the part of the petitioner in disclosing fully and  truly, the material facts necessary for its assessment. The reasons as recorded, in any case, do not disclose any particular   fact   or   material   that   was     allegedly   not   disclosed   by   the petitioner   during   the   regular   assessment   proceedings   under   Section 143(3) of the Act.  Clearly, therefore,  the juri ictional parameter, for 11 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 12/14 invoking the provisions of Section 147 of the Act is absent, in the present case on both the grounds mentioned in the reasons in support of the impugned notice. In fact, in the revised return of income filed by the petitioner on 31 March 2000 alongwith the profit and loss account are perused, it is evident that full and true disclosures were indeed made by the   petitioner,   in   the   matter   of   determination   of   MAT   liability   under Section 115JA of the Act with regard to  the loss of PPGM and also debiting of capital loss to its profit and loss account. Further, the Assessing Officer, in the assessment order dated 21 March 2002 under Section 143(3)   of   the   Act   in   regular   proceedings   has   specifically   considered disclosures in respect of loss of PPGML made by the petitioner. Such consideration   is   reflected   in   the   assessment   order   itself,   the   relevant portion of which, reads thus : “ Note – 1 : The assessee Company has filed a revised return of income  wherein it has been stated that, “as per Sec. 115JA MAT will be payable when total income as computed   under   the   Act   is   less   than   30%   of   its   book profits. In our case the adjusted total (PPGML + CGL) Book profits  calculated  as per the provisions of the Act is a loss. But in the both returns of income we have ignored the loss of PPGML, inadvertently. We request your honour to   consider   this   mistake   while   calculating   the   MAT liability”.  This submission of the assessee Company has been considered.” [Emphasis supplied] 13] From the aforesaid, it is apparent that not only was there no failure on the part   of the petitioner to disclose fully and truly all the material facts in relation to the determination of MAT liability under Section115JA of the Act, but further such disclosed material facts were duly considered by the Assessing  Officer in making the Assessment Order 12 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 13/14 dated 21 March 2002 under Section 143(3) of the Act. The juri ictional parameter imposed by the proviso to Section 147 in matter of reopening of assessment was, thus, clearly  not fulfilled. The issuance of impugned notice and the consequent assessment order is therefore in excess of juri ictional restraint imposed upon the Assessing Officer by the proviso to Section 147 of the Act. The impugned notice dated 29 March 2006 and the second reassessment order dated 26 December 2006 are therefore liable to be quashed on this ground alone. 14] There is no necessity to adjudicate upon the other grounds urged by Mr. Dastur, primarily because this petition can be disposed of on the ground that there was no failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment for the relevant   assessment   year.     This   is   applicable   to   both   the   grounds mentioned in the reasons furnished in support of the impugned notice. 15] In so far as the objection based   upon the availability of alternative remedy is concerned, it is necessary to note that this petition was lodged on or about 25 January 2007 and admitted on 26 March 2007. At the stage when the petition was filed, the reassessment order dated 26 December 2006 had already been passed. This is not a case where the petitioner has already preferred an appeal questioning   the reassessment   order.   The   issues   raised,   do   not   involve   any   disputed questions of fact. Besides, in this case though the impugned notice  under Section 148 of the Act was issued on 29 March 2006, the reasons in support thereof were furnished to the petitioner only on 16 November 2006. This is despite the fact that the petitioner, by letter dated  20 April 2006 had requested for the supply of the same. The objections lodged, 13 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 dss 14/14 were disposed off by letter dated 21 December 2006 and within a period of   five   days   thereafter   i.e.   on   26   December   2006,   the   impugned reassessment  order  came  to   be   made.   Incidentally,  the   petitioner   has pointed out that   the period between 22 and 25 December 2006 were holidays and 26 December 2006 was the very next working  day on which reassessment order was made. The impugned reassessment order was served upon the petitioner on 3 January 2007 and as noted earlier, this petition was lodged on 25 January 2007. This is a case where Assessing Officer has not adhered to the juri ictional restraints imposed by proviso to Section 147(1) of the Act and further there is violation of principles of natural justice. If all such circumstances are cumulatively considered, we do not deem it appropriate to reject the present petition on the ground of availability of alternate remedy.

16] Accordingly, Rule is made absolute  in terms of prayer clause (a), which reads thus : (a) That this Court be pleased to issue a Writ of Certiorari or any other writ order or direction under Article 226 of the Constitution   of   India   calling   for   the   records   of   the   case leading to the issue of the Impugned Notice (Exhibit 'G' to the petition) and the Impugned Order (Exhibit “M” to the petition) and after going through the same and examining the question of legality thereof to quash, cancel and set aside the Impugned Notice (Exhibit 'G' to the petition) and the Impugned Order (Exhibit 'M' to the petition)”; 17] In the facts and circumstances of the present case, there shall be no order as to costs. (M. S. SONAK, J.) (M. S. SANKLECHA, J.) 14 of 14 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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