THE DIRECTOR OF INCOME TAX ( INTERNATIONAL )-II vs. M/S HALDOR TOPSOE

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ITXA/51/2012HC Bombay16 June 2014Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE S.C. DHARMADHIKARI, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE B.P. COLABAWALLA14 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the appeals do not raise any substantial question of law. For Income Tax Appeal No. 23 of 2012, the Court noted that Question (C) was concluded against the Revenue by a previous judgment of the same Court. Regarding Questions (A) and (B), the Court found that the Tribunal's findings were pure findings of fact, based on the contract and payments made. The Tribunal had previously decided identical issues for prior assessment years in favour of the assessee, holding that the information supplied was integrated to the equipment and its installation, and not for manufacturing by the buyer. The Court agreed with the assessee that the information provided was to guide the Indian resident with regard to installation and use of the equipment, and such payment does not fall within the definition of 'royalty'. The Court found no perversity or error of law in the Tribunal's findings. For Income Tax Appeal No. 41 of 2012, the Court noted that while the payment included licence and engineering fees, the Commissioner and Tribunal relied on the Indo-Danish Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement and found the payment not to be royalty or fees for technical services. The Court held that the Tribunal and Commissioner took a possible view based on the DTAA and the peculiar facts, and thus no substantial question of law arose. The remaining appeals were dismissed for similar reasons, finding no substantial question of law.

What were the facts?

The Revenue has filed five appeals challenging an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) dated April 27, 2011. The appeals concern Assessment Year 1991-92. The assessee, M/s Haldor Topsoe, a Danish company, had its assessment completed under section 143(3) on February 28, 1994, with additions made on account of revenue received from Madras Fertilizer. The assessee claimed certain receipts, termed Fees for Technical Services, were not taxable as per the Indo-Danish Tax Treaty due to the absence of a permanent establishment in India. The Revenue, however, taxed these receipts as royalty or other income at 20% of the gross amount. The dispute revolves around whether payments for equipment and spare parts, and payments for equipment supply, constitute income accruing or arising to the assessee under Section 9(1)(vi) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and circumstances and in law, the ITAT was right in holding that payments for equipment and spare parts amounting to DM 7,15,000/- are not income accruing or arising to the Assessee by virtue of Section 9(1)(vi) of the Income Tax Act, 1961? 2. Whether, on the facts and circumstances and in law, the ITAT was right in holding that payments towards the supply of equipment amounting to DM 13,30,000/- are not in the nature of royalty as defined in Section 9 of the Income Tax Act, 1961? 3. Whether, on the facts and circumstances and in law, the ITAT was right in holding that when the entire income received by the non-resident Assessee was liable to deduction of tax at source, no advance was payable by the Assessee and there was no question of interest chargeable under Section 234B? Assessee's contentions: The ITAT's findings are pure findings of fact, based on factual materials and following its own orders for prior assessment years concerning identical transactions and contracts. The widest meaning of 'royalty' does not include handing over a written guide or manual or giving information for installation and use of equipment. The appeal does not raise any substantial question of law. Revenue's contentions: The ITAT's order gives rise to substantial questions of law. Question (C) is concluded against the Revenue by the High Court's judgment in Director of Income Tax (International Taxation) v. NGC Network Asia LLC. However, questions (A) and (B) are substantial questions of law. The definition of 'royalty' in Section 9(1)(vi) is broad and includes services rendered by the Assessee. Payments received are for transfer of rights or imparting information concerning the working or use of a process or marketing of property, not merely for equipment supply. The Tribunal's finding for earlier years does not bind the Revenue.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 9(1)(vi),Section 234B,Section 143(3)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

vrd 1 ITXA23/12

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURI ICTION INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.23 OF 2012 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.15 OF 2012 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.21 OF 2012 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.41 OF 2012 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.51 OF 2012

The Director of Income Tax (International Taxation)­II, Mumbai 400 038 ...Appellant v/s M/s Haldor Topsoe, New Delhi 110 001 ...Respondent Mr Arvind Pinto for Appellant. Mr   P.J.   Pardiwalla,   Sr.   Counsel   with   Mr   A.K.   Jasani   for Respondent. CORAM :  S.C. DHARMADHIKARI AND B.P. COLABAWALLA JJ.

DATED  :  16TH JUNE 2014. ORAL JUDGMENT (PER S.C. DHARMADHIKARI J.) :­

1.

These five  Appeals  at the instance of the Revenue challenge the order passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Mumbai dated 27th April 2011. CNR No : HCBM020249732011 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 2 ITXA23/12

2.

In   the   first   Appeal,   we   are   concerned   with   the Assessment Year 1991­92. 3. Mr Pinto, learned counsel appearing in support of this Appeal,   submits   that   the   Tribunal's   order   gives   rise   to   three substantial questions of law.  They read as under :­ “(A) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the   case   and   in   law   the   Hon'ble   ITAT   is   right   in holding that the payments for the equipments and spare   parts   amounting   to   DM   7,15,000/­   is   not   a receipt of income accruing or arising to the Assessee by   virtue   of   the   provisions   of   section   9(1)(vi)   of Income Tax Act 1961 ? (B) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the   case   and   in   law   the   Hon'ble   ITAT   is   right   in holding that the payments towards the supply of the equipments amounting to DM 13,30,000/­ are not in the nature of royalty as defined in section 9 of the Income Tax Act 1961 ? (C) Whether on the facts and circumstances of the   case   and   in   law   the   Hon'ble   ITAT   is   right   in holding that when the entire income received by the non­resident Assessee was liable to deduction of tax at source, no advance was payable by the Assessee and there   was   no   question   of   interest   chargeable   u/s 234B ?”

4.

At the outset and in all fairness Mr Pinto submits that Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 3 ITXA23/12 the question No.(C) is concluded against the Revenue and in favour of the Assessee by the Division Bench judgment of this Court   in   the   case   of   Director   of   Income   Tax   (International Taxation) v/s NGC Network Asia LLC, reported in (2009) 313 ITR 187 (Bom).

5.

However, Mr Pinto submits that the first two questions are substantial questions of law.  They have impact not only on the present Assessee's case but several others as well.  This is a case where the facts are undisputed.  Mr Pinto submits that the Assessee is a Company organised and existing under the law of Denmark.  The assessment was completed under section 143(3) on 28th February 1994. The total income of  Rs.8,67,82,300/­ as against   the   returned   income   of   Rs.6,05,90,310/­   by   making additions on account of revenue received from Madras Fertilizer was   made.     The   Assessee   claimed   that   certain   receipts constituting Fees for Technical Services was not taxable as per Article III(3) of the Old Indo Danish Tax Treaty based on the argument that it does not have a permanent establishment in India.  However, the Revenue had taxed these particular receipts either   as   royalty   or   something   other   than   technical   fees Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 4 ITXA23/12 alongwith Royalty and Management charges @ 20 % of the gross amount.

6.

Mr Pinto therefore submits that the Assessing Officer was   right   in   his   conclusion   reached   in   the   order   dated   28th February 1994. Mr Pinto has invited our attention to section 9(1)(vi) of the Income Tax Act 1961 together with the definition of the term 'royalty' for the purpose of clause (vi).   Mr Pinto submits that the definition is too wide and broad and includes the services which have been rendered by the Assessee to the Indian resident.    The payment received from the Indian resident in Doish Marks is also for transfer of rights,   imparting of any information concerning the working  or the use or or the process or marketing of the property.  In other words, according to Mr Pinto, this is not a case of mere supply of equipments by a foreign party to an Indian resident for which the price is received and in the contract, there is a reference to a  manual or a guide for installation and use of the buyer.  He submits that the product may be specialised or the equipment may not have something to do with the business of the Indian Company but it is not making payment only for acquisition of the equipment but the rights in Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 5 ITXA23/12 the   nature   enumerated   in   Explanation   2   which   is   really   an explanation to clause (vi) of sub­section (1) of section 9 of the  of Income   Tax   Act   1961. In   these   circumstances,   even   if   the Tribunal has taken a particular view for the past Assessment Years, this being a question of law, according to Mr Pinto, the finding   of   the   Tribunal   for   earlier   years   does   not   bind   the Revenue.     Mr   Pinto   therefore   submits   that   the   Appeal   be admitted.

7.

On   the   other   hand,   Mr   Pardiwalla,   learned   Senior Counsel  appearing on behalf of the Respondent, submits that the findings recorded by the Tribunal are pure findings of fact.  They are based on the factual materials.  The Tribunal has followed its order for the earlier Assessment Years in relation to identical transaction and identical contract.   There is nothing by which this Court can take a different view on facts.  Further, the widest possible of the meaning  'royalty' does not include the handing over of any written guide or manual or giving information for the purposes of installation and use of the equipment at the site of the   Indian   resident.     Mr   Pardiwalla   heavily   relies   upon   the findings recorded by the Tribunal for the prior Assessment Years Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 6 ITXA23/12 and   submits   that   the   Appeal   does   not   raise   any   substantial question of law, it should be dismissed.

8.

We have with the assistance of the learned counsel perused the order passed by the Tribunal.

9.

The Tribunal in the case of the very Assessee, for prior assessment Years 1988­89 to 1990­91 decided an identical issue.

10.

The   Tribunal   perused   the   contract   between   the parties, the payment made thereunder and concluded with the same would not fall within the definition of the term 'royalty'.  In reaching such a conclusion, the Tribunal held as under :­ “25. Thus   a   plain   reading   of   all   clauses   of contract   that   designs,   flow   charts   and   information supplied by the assessee are relating to supply of S­ 200 Converters and their successful installation at the premises   of   buyer   i.e.   Indian   Company,   such information are integrated to the equipment and their installation at the premises of the buyer.  It is not the case of A.O. That assessee had supplied copy right design   or   other   information   which   can   enable   the buyer   i.e.   Indian   Company   to   manufacture   S­200 Converters in its rights.  The alleged information is as how to use S­200 Converters.  If we look the clauses of the contract as well as the payment received by the assessee in the light of authoritative pronouncements of   the   Hon'ble   Courts   discussed   supra   particularly keeping   in   mind   the   decision   of   Hon'ble   Andhra Pradesh   High   Court,   262   ITR   110   wherein Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 7 ITXA23/12 supplementary contracts for remittance made to the supervising staff deputed by the foreign company in India as well as paid towards other information were considered by the Hon'ble High Court as payments forming part of the main contract for setting up of the machinery and held that the supplementary contracts cannot be read in isolation and such payments cannot be treated within the ambit of expression 'Royalty'.  It was also brought to our notice at the time of hearing that scope of royalty as provided in section 9(1)(vi) is much wider than the DTAT executed   between India and Denmark.  We find that the alleged payments for S­200 Converters made to the assessee are even not covered within the expression 'royalty' provided u/s 9(1)(vi) of the Income Tax  Act which is much wider than the one provided in DTAT.  Otherwise as per the settled proposition we are required to examine these payment within the limited scope of royalty provided within the DTAT but when such payments does not come in the ambit of wider scope of royalty then we do   not   deem   it   necessary   to   discuss   the   scope   of expression royalty provided in DTAT.   Therefore, we allow the ground raised by the assessee in the cross objection and reject the ground of appeal raised by the revenue.   In other words, even 10 % of these receipts treated by the learned CIT(A)   as taxable would not be sustainable.   The A.O. Is directed not to tax the receipts received by the assessee on supply of S­200 Converters in all the these years.”

11.

The   Tribunal   followed   this   very   reasoning   for   the present Assessment Year.  Mr Pinto submits that the Revenue has challenged this finding and for earlier Assessment Years by filing an Appeal but he has no instructions with regard to the outcome Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 8 ITXA23/12 thereof.     Mr Pardiwalla submits that the Appeals have been dismissed on technical grounds.  Apart therefrom, we are not in agreement with Mr Pinto that the widest possible meaning of the term 'royalty' and as found in the definition of the term in the explanation   (2)   would   include   the   transaction   under   which payment   has   been   made   for   supply     of   Converters.     The agreement has been referred to by the Tribunal in detail.   The Tribunal found that the agreement postulates the payment for the said equipment.  The technical information that is provided is related to data plant specification flow sheet which are issued in the installation of the plant.  The Tribunal found that there is no transfer of rights in the nature contemplated by clauses (i) to (v) of the Explanation 2 so as to be termed as 'royalty'.     Thus, the equipment was supplied to the Indian party and for which the Indian party made payment.  The contract in relation to such a contract included stipulations for giving all information so as to guide   the   Indian   party   to   install   the   equipment   at   site   and thereafter to use it.  It is in these circumstances, we are of the opinion that this is a mixed question and a finding of fact has been rendered considering the peculiar facts and circumstances. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 9 ITXA23/12 The Assessee's case and the contract of the Assessee with the Indian party – Madras Fertilizers Ltd. has been considered in arriving at the finding.  The view taken for the present year is thus   consistent   with   the   nature   of   the   transaction   and   the stipulations thereof.  Such a finding of fact therefore is a possible one.  There is no perversity or error of law apparent on the face of the record which would enable us to entertain the Appeal on Question No.1. 12. As far  as Question  No.2  is concerned, that is also referred to  extensively by the Tribunal.   The impugned payment of Doish Marks 13,30,000/­ was found to be made towards the supply of equipments and that too on 'principal to principal' basis.   It is in these circumstances the finding recorded by the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) in favour of the Assessee and   based   on   the   judgment   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of Commissioner of Income Tax v/s Gulf Oil (Great Britain) Ltd., reported in 108 ITR 874 is not vitiated by any error of law apparent on the face of the record and/or suffering from any perversity   enabling   us   to   entertain   the   Appeal.       Even   on Question no.2, we are in agreement with the Tribunal that the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 10 ITXA23/12 finding recorded in paragraphs 11 and 12 of the Tribunal's order would show that the payment even in relation to the Question No.2 cannot be said to be falling within the provision of section 9(i) of the Income Tax Act 1961. 11. As a result of the above discussion, the Appeal does not raise any substantial question of law.  It accordingly fails and is dismissed.   No costs.

INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.15 OF 2012

12.

We do not find that this case is different than the facts referred in Income Tax Appeal No.51 of 2012. As to the is Question No.1 i.e. in relation to procurement of fees, there is concurrent finding of fact.   After recording the admitted facts including   the   stipulation   of   double   taxation   avoidance agreement, the Tribunal has recorded that the payment received cannot be termed as 'royalty'.  We do not find that it is vitiated by any error of law apparent on the face of the record or perversity. Appeal is accordingly dismissed with no order as to costs. INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.21 OF 2012

13.

The facts and circumstances involved in this Appeal are identical to the facts and circumstances in Income Tax Appeal Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 11 ITXA23/12 No.23 of 2012. For the reasons that have been indicated by us in the order passed in that Appeal, which is dismissed, we are of the   view     that   the   present   Appeal   also   does   not   raise   any substantial question of law.  It is dismissed with no order as to costs.

14.

We are in agreement with Mr Pinto  that in this case, the Assessee did not provide something more than required  as information to guide the Indian resident and hence the payment does not fall within the definition of the term 'royalty'.   The clause which Mr Pinto relies upon and rather all the clauses of Explanation   2   would   denote   that   mere   imparting   of   any information     concerning   technical,   commercial,   industrial   or scientific knowledge, expertise of skill by itself has not been brought into the definition.  If the transferring of all or any rights in respect of a patent, invention, model, design,  secret formula or process or trade mark of the property  including granting of licence is admittedly not an act performed in the present case, similarly   the   imparting   of   any   information   concerning   the working of or use of the patent, invention, model, design, secret formula or process or trade mark or similar property is not what Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 12 ITXA23/12 is found out in the Assessee's case, then, we do not see how the basic information to guide the Indian resident with regard to the installation and use of the equipment at site and any sum paid therefor would fall within this definition.  In such circumstances, the finding of fact does not suffer from any perversity or error of law apparent on the face of the record. INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.41 OF 2012

15.

Heard Mr Pinto, learned counsel appearing on behalf of   the   Revenue   and   Mr   Pardiwalla,   learned   counsel   for   the Respondent.  The distinguishing feature in this Appeal according to Mr Pinto is that the payment of Doish Marks 1,34,046 received by the Respondent – Assessee is not only on account of supply of the equipment but transfer of all rights including granting of a licence.  In such circumstances, explanation 2(i)  of clause (VI) of sub­section (1) of section 9 of the said Act wholly applies and this Appeal therefore raises substantial question of law.

16.

Mr Pinto invites our attention to paragraphs 6 and 7 of the order passed by the CIT (Appeals) stated to be in favour of the Assessee.     He also invites our attention to the Tribunal's order impugned in this Appeal and upholding the view of the CIT Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 13 ITXA23/12 (Appeals).  Mr Pinto submits that both the  Commissioner and the Tribunal have ignored the definition of the term 'royalty' and admitted facts and  rendered a finding which is totally perverse.

17.

Upon reading the two order and concurrent finding therein, we are unable to agree with Mr Pinto.  It is true that the payment of Doish Marks 1,34,046     converted at the relevant time   in   the   Indian   Rs.25,77,801       received   by   the   Assessee includes the licence and engineering fees but the Commissioner noted that the Indian resident M/s Madras Fertilizers Ltd. offered the payment of Doish Marks 27,000  to tax in India.  Further, the Commissioner as also the Tribunal noted that similar payments were not taxable in India and they do not fall in the definition of the term 'royalty' or fees for technical services given in Article 30 of the Indo Danish Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement.  The Commissioner may have referred to the definition of the term 'royalty' in the above referred explanation of the Income Tax Act 1961 but found that consistently a view has been taken and with reference   to   the   Indo   Danish   Double   Taxation   Avoidance Agreement that the payment in this case cannot be said to be royalty.  We are of the opinion that any larger or wider question Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 vrd 14 ITXA23/12 need not be considered or gone into.  Suffice it to hold that the Tribunal   and   the   Commissioner   took   a   possible   view   of   the matter and by relying on the stipulations of Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement.   The Commissioner and Tribunal   have

therefore   not   rendered   any   finding   which   can   be   termed   as perverse or vitiated by error of law apparent on the face of the record.  The finding recorded and concurrently is in consonance with the peculiar facts and circumstances of the present case.  For these reasons, even this Appeal does not raise any substantial question of law.  It is dismissed with no order as to costs. INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.51 OF 2012

18.

We have heard Mr Pinto and perused the order under challenge.   We do not find that this case is different from the other cases which we have dealt with.  For the reasons we have recorded in the companion Appeals, this Appeal does not raise any substantial question of law, it fails and is dismissed.   No order as to costs.

( B.P.  COLABAWALLA J. ) (S.C. DHARMADHIKARI J. ) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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