THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX - 9 vs. IMPACT CONTAINERS PVT. LTD.

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ITXA/114/2012HC Bombay04 July 2014Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE S.C. DHARMADHIKARI, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE B.P. COLABAWALLA43 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the provisions of Section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, cannot be invoked if the recipient of the loan or advance is not a shareholder in the lending company. The court concurred with the view taken by the Delhi High Court in Commissioner of Income Tax v/s Ankitech Pvt Ltd (2012) 340 ITR 14, which reaffirmed the principle laid down in Commissioner of Income Tax v/s C.P. Sarathy Mudaliar and Ors. The court reasoned that the legislative intent behind Section 2(22)(e) is to tax dividend income that is disguised as loans or advances to shareholders or to concerns in which such shareholders have a substantial interest. However, the deeming provision applies only when the recipient is a shareholder or the payment is made for the individual benefit of a shareholder. The court found that the Tribunal's decision, holding that the addition was to be deleted because the assessee company was not a shareholder in the lending entity, was not perverse and did not suffer from any error of law. Therefore, the appeals did not raise any substantial question of law. All appeals raising similar grounds were disposed of accordingly.

What were the facts?

These appeals were filed by the Revenue challenging orders of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal). The Tribunal had held that Section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, could not be invoked because the assessee company was not a shareholder in the lending company. The Revenue's argument was that even though the assessee was not a direct shareholder, it was a common shareholder in the lending company. The appeals consolidated various cases involving different assessees and assessment years, all concerning the applicability of Section 2(22)(e) to loans or advances made by companies to entities where the shareholders of the lending company had a substantial interest.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the provisions of Section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, can be invoked when the recipient of a loan or advance is not a shareholder in the lending company, but a shareholder of the lending company has a substantial interest in the recipient company? Assessee's contentions: The assessee argued that Section 2(22)(e) is applicable only when the recipient of the loan or advance is itself a shareholder of the lending company. They relied on the judgment in Commissioner of Income Tax v/s C.P. Sarathy Mudaliar and Ors. (1966) 177 ITR 393 (Madras High Court) and the Delhi High Court's decision in Commissioner of Income Tax v/s Ankitech Pvt Ltd (2012) 340 ITR 14 (Delhi). They contended that the legislative intent of Section 2(22)(e) was to tax dividend income disguised as loans to shareholders or concerns in which shareholders have a substantial interest, and this intent is fulfilled when the recipient is a shareholder. Revenue's contentions: The Revenue argued that Section 2(22)(e) should be invoked even if the assessee is not a direct shareholder, as long as a shareholder of the lending company has a substantial interest in the recipient company. They contended that the amendment to Section 2(22)(e) was intended to cover such situations.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 2(22)(e)

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL  JURI ICTION

INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 114 OF 2012 The Commissioner of Income Tax­9 ..Appellant The Commissioner of Income Tax­2 ..Appellant Vs. Thacker and Co. Ltd. ..Respondent Aswale 1/43 CNR No : HCBM020232132011 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 3163 OF 2010 The Commissioner of Income Tax­6 ..Appellant Vs. Galaxy Knives Pvt. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.3170 OF 2010 The Commissioner of Income Tax­19 ..Appellant Vs. Kand M Construction Co. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 5029 OF 2010 The Commissioner of Income Tax­10 ..Appellant The Commissioner of Income Tax­2 ..Appellant Vs. Sunder Automobiles Pvt. Ltd. ..Respondent Aswale 2/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1028 OF 2011 The Commissioner of Income Tax­19 ..Appellant Vs. Kalpak Builders ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1351 OF 2011 The Commissioner of Income Tax­19 ..Appellant Vs. Kalpak Development Corpn. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1844 OF 2011 The Commissioner of Income Tax Central II ..Appellant Vs. M/s. SS Kantilal Ishwarlal Securities The Commissioner of Income Tax­4 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Shreepati Commodities Pvt.Ltd. ..Respondent Aswale 3/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 316 OF 2012 The Commissioner of Income Tax­1 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Condor Travels & Tours P. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 317 OF 2012 The Commissioner of Income Tax­1 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Condor Travels & Tours P. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 318 OF 2012 The Commissioner of Income Tax­1 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Condor Travels & Tours P. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 398 OF 2012 The Commissioner of Income Tax­4 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Kogta Global Pvt. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1069 OF 2012 The Commissioner of Income Tax­7 ..Appellant Vs. M/s.ORXY Fisheries Pvt. Ltd. ..Respondent Aswale 4/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1162 OF 2012 The Commissioner of Income Tax­10 ..Appellant Vs. M/s.Nittany Creative P. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1647 OF 2012 The Commissioner of Income Tax­4 ..Appellant Vs. Shreepati Holdings & Finance Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 16 OF 2013 The Commissioner of Income Tax­7 ..Appellant Vs. M/s.Satish Motors (Akola) Pvt.Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 540 OF 2013 The Commissioner of Income Tax Central­ II ..Appellant Vs. Siddhivinayak Realites Pvt. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 578 OF 2013 The Commissioner of Income Tax­10 ..Appellant Vs. Hemisphere Infrastructure India P.Ltd. ..Respondent Aswale 5/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 694 OF 2013 AND ITS/4909/MUM/2011 The Commissioner of Income Tax­10 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Page 3 Fashions Pvt. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1174 OF 2013 AND ITA/4311/MUM/2011 The Commissioner of Income Tax Central­II ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Siddhivinayak Realities P. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1399 OF 2013 AND ITA/8287/MUM/2011 The Commissioner of Income Tax­8 ..Appellant Vs. Poona Galvanizers Pvt. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1499 OF 2013 AND ITA 7554/MUM/2011 Aswale 6/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 The Commissioner of Income Tax­10 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Gold Coin Hospitality Pvt. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1666 OF 2013 AND ITA/7232/M/2010 The Commissioner of Income Tax­10 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Victoria Realty P. Ltd. ..Respondent WITH INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1870 OF 2013 ND ITA/8750/2010 The Commissioner of Income Tax­9 ..Appellant Vs. M/s. Suyog Pharmaceuticals P.Ltd. ..Respondent Mr. Vimal Gupta, Senior Advocate a/w Ms. Padma Divakar, for the Revenue in ITXA NOS.114/12,2281/10,6823/10,1647/12. Mr. Vimal Gupta, Senior Advocate a/w Ms. Anamika Malhotra, for the Revenue in ITXA 4151/09 Ms. A. Vissanjee a/w Mr. S. J. Mehta, for Assessee in ITXA 114/12. Mr. Hiro Rai a/w   S. S. Shetty, for Assessee in ITXA 4102 and 4151/09. Mr.   Suresh   Kumar,   for   Revenue   in   3163/10,   3170/10, Aswale 7/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 5029/10,1028/11,316/12, 317/12, 318/12,1870/13,1351/11. Mr. F. B. Andhyarujina, Senior Advocate a/w Mr. S. G. Dalal and Ms. Shraddha Vavhal i/b. Ms.Pallavi Divekar,for Assessee in ITXA 3170/10. Mr.A.   K.   Jasani,   for   the   Assessee   in   ITXA   5029/10,   5346/10, 154/12, 398/12, 1647/12, 16/13. Mr. Subhash Shetty, for Assessee in ITXA 1162/13, 694/13. Mr B. V. Jhaveri, for Assessee in ITXA 6823/10, 1399/13, 1870/13. Ms. Aarti Sathe, for Assessee in ITXA 1028/11, 1351/11. Mr. A. R. Malhotra a/w N. A. Kazi for Revenue in ITXA 154/12, 398/12, 540/13,1174/13. Mr. Deepak Pralshawala a/w Mr. Vishnu H. Hadade,for the Assessee in ITXA 316/12, 317/12, 318/12. Mr. Abhay Ahuja, for Revenue in ITXA 5346/10,1351/11, 1069/12, 16/13. Mr.   Tejveer   Singh,   for   Revenue   in   ITXA   1162/112,   1499/12, 1666/13,578/13. Mr. Arvind Pinto, for Revenue in ITXA 694/13, 1399/13. Mr.   K.   Shivram,   Sernior   Advocate   a/w   Mr.   Rahul   Hakani   and Neelam Jadhav, for the Assessee in ITXA 1666/13. Mr. Jignesh P. Shah, for Assessee, in ITXA Nos. 1499 and 578/13. CORAM :­  S.C. DHARMADHIKARI  & B.P.  COLABAWALLA, JJ.

DATE     :­  JULY 4, 2014. Aswale 8/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 ORAL JUDGMENT:­ In these Appeals which have been filed by the Revenue,  the challenge is to the order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal holding that the provisions of Section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act,1961(for short “I. T. Act) cannot be invoked as the assessee company   was   not   a   shareholder   in   the   lending   company.   The argument in all these Appeals on behalf of the Revenue is that, though the assessee is a common shareholder with controlling stake in the lending company, the Tribunal  found that Section 2(22)(e) of the I. T. Act, is not attracted and this finding raises a substantial question of law. 2 It was then contended that the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal has applied the ratio of its own special bench decision in the case of Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax v/s Bhaumik Colour Pvt Ltd reported in 2009 (313) ITR (AT)146(Mumbai)(SB), equally the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal has proceeded on the footing that the view taken in the case of Bhaumik Colour Pvt Ltd(supra) has been approved by the Division Bench of this Court in the case Aswale 9/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 of Commissioner of Income Tax v/s. Universal Medicare Pvt Ltd reported in 2010(324) ITR 263 (Bom).

When each of these Appeals had appeared for admission on different dates, it was requested that they may not be disposed of by applying the ratio of this Court's judgment in Universal Medicare Pvt Ltd(supra) because the Revenue wants to urge that the view taken in the Universal Medicare's case requires reconsideration. 4 Since this was the request coming from the Revenue  in all Appeals, we decided with the consent of the Revenue to place these matters on a single working day so that on this limited point we can hear the counsel appearing for the Revenue and equally that of the   assessee.     It   is  admitted  position   that   if  we   hold   that   the judgment in the case of Universal Medicare(supra) does not require reconsideration, then, the individual appeals have to be decided against the Revenue by upholding the view taken by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal. Aswale 10/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 It is on this footing that the matters were placed today.

Mr. Gupta, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue would submit that insofar as the facts in Income  Tax Appeal   No.   114   of   2012   are   concerned,   the   reasoning   of   the Tribunal travels much beyond the section.  In his submission, the Tribunal's reading of the section namely 2(22)(e) of the I. T. Act, is plainly incorrect.  There is no requirement of the assessee, in this case,   being   a   shareholder   in   the   recipient   concern   within   the meaning of Section 2 (22) (e) of the I. T. Act.  The assessee is not required to be a shareholder therein.   The lender is a company within   the   meaning   of     Clause   (e).   According   to   Mr.   Gupta, shareholder of the lender company is also closely connected with the concern which is a recipient of the loan or advance.  Therefore, the recipient being required to be a registered shareholder of the lender   company,   cannot   be   spelled   out   from   the   provision   in question. He also then submits that the judgment in the case of Universal Medicare is distinguishable on facts.  There, the assessee was not the recipient of the loan or advance in money.  Thus, the Aswale 11/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 Division Bench of this Court in Universal Medicare was not required to go into the second aspect of the matter.  The Division Bench, yet, answered   the   second   question   framed   by   it   and   termed   as   a substantial question of law.  Though that is based on the findings of the Tribunal, particularly, as to whether the recipient was required to   be   a   shareholder   of   the   recipient,   all   such   findings   and observations are in the nature of obiter dictum.   They are not binding on this Court.   Therefore, this Court is free to take an independent view.   In any event, if this Court is not inclined to agree with the Division Bench in the case of Universal Medicare, then, the matter can be referred to a larger bench. 7 In supporting the above arguments, Mr. Gupta places heavy reliance upon a circular which has been issued and which according to him, fully sets out the intent of the legislature.   Mr. Gupta submits that the Finance Act, 1987 was amended with effect from 1st  April 1988. Inviting our attention to sub­clause(e), as it stood before the amendment, and thereafter, Mr. Gupta would submit that the judgments rendered including by the Division Bench of this Aswale 12/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 court and  the Special Bench  of the Tribunal ignore completely the fact   that     with   deletion   of   Sections   104   to   109   there   was   a likelihood of closely held companies not distributing their profits to shareholders by way of dividends but by way of loans or advances so that these are not taxed in the hands of the shareholders. To forestall this manipulation, the amendment has been made and full effect therefore must be given to the amended provisions or else, the intent of the legislature would be completely frustrated and defeated.  He, therefore, submits that the view in consonance with the intent of the legislature is reflected in this circular and though it may not have a binding effect, it affords sufficient guide and assists this Court in interpreting the provisions. 8 He   has  taken   us  through  the   judgments  rendered  by  the Special Bench of the Tribunal and equally in the case of Universal Medicare. 9 The argument of Mr. Gupta has been adopted by the other counsel appearing for the Revenue namely Mr. Malhotra, Mr. Pinto, Aswale 13/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 Mr. Suresh Kumar and Mr. Ahuja.

On the other­hand, Ms. Vissanjee, appearing on behalf of the assessee supported by other counsel would urge that the view taken by this Court in the case of Universal Medicare is the only view possible.  It is submitted on behalf of the assessee that even after the amendment and insertion of the words with regard to beneficial ownership of shares, the position in law is not altered.  The view taken that the recipients must satisfy the requirement of being a shareholder, is the correct view of the legal provision and requires no alteration, all the more when the Special Bench judgment of the Tribunal   in the case of Bhaumik Colour Pvt Ltd(supra) stands approved not only by the Division Bench of this Court, but several High   Courts   namely   Delhi   High   Court,   Rajasthan   High   Court, Allahabad High Court and High Court of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is submitted that the judgments rendered by these High Courts and particularly the Delhi High Court would show that there is nothing erroneous and this circular, therefore, cannot override the clear legal   provision.     The   wording   thereof   cannot   be   ignored   by Aswale 14/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 preferring the language of the circular.  That would mean the Court interprets the legal provisions in the light of their understanding of the executive or revenue.  It is submitted that interpretation of a legal   provision   is   the   duty   and   function   of   the   Court.     Such circulars, therefore,  have no binding force or effect and the Court must go by the language of the statute. 11 Reliance   is   placed   upon   the   judgments   which   have   been compiled before us by the assessee's counsel. 12 With the assistance of the learned Senior Counsel appearing for the Revenue and the assessees, we have perused Section 2 (22) (e) of the I. T. Act.  The same reads thus:­ 2 (22) " dividend" includes­ (a)............ . (b) …...... (c) ….... . (d) …....... (e) any payment by a company, not being a company in which the public   are   substantially   interested,   of   any   sum   (whether   as representing a part of the assets of the company or otherwise)  made after the 31st day of May, 1987 , by way of advance or loan to a shareholder, being a person who is the beneficial owner of shares (not being shares entitled to a fixed rate of dividend whether with or Aswale 15/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 without a right to participate in profits) holding not less than ten per cent of the voting power, or to any concern, in which such shareholder   is   a   member   or   a   partner   and   in   which   he   has   a substantial interest (hereafter in this clause referred to as the said concern) or any payment by any such company on behalf, or for the individual benefit, of any such shareholder, to the extent to which the company in either case possesses accumulated profits. but" dividend" does not include­­ (i) a distribution made in accordance with sub­ clause (c) or sub­ clause (d) in respect of any share issued for full cash consideration, where   the   holder   of   the   share   is   not   entitled   in   the   event   of liquidation to participate in the surplus assets; (ia) a distribution made in accordance with sub­ clause (c) or sub­ clause   (d)   in   so   far   as   such   distribution   is   attributable   to   the capitalised profits of the company representing bonus shares allotted to its equity shareholders after the 31st day of March, 1964 ,  and before the 1st day of April, 1965 ];] (ii) any advance or loan made to a shareholder    or the said concern] by a company in the ordinary course of its business, where the lending of money is a substantial part of the business of the company; (iii)  any  dividend  paid  by  a company  which  is  set  off  by  the company against the whole or any part of any sum previously paid by it and treated as a dividend within the meaning of sub­ clause (e), to the extent to which it is so set off. Explanation 1­ The expression" accumulated profits", wherever it occurs in this clause, shall not include capital gains arising before the 1st day of April, 1946 , or after the 31st day of March, 1948 , and before the 1st day of April, 1956 . Explanation 2­ The expression" accumulated profits" in sub­ clauses (a), (b), (d) and (e), shall include all profits of the company up to the date of distribution or payment referred to in those sub­ clauses, Aswale 16/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 and in sub clause (c) shall include all profits of the company up to the date of liquidation,    but shall not, where the liquidation is consequent on the compulsory acquisition of its undertaking by the Government   or   a   corporation   owned   or   controlled   by   the Government under any law for the time being in force, include any profits   of   the   company   prior   to   three   successive   previous   years immediately preceding the previous year in which such acquisition took place]. Explanation 3.­ For the purposes of this clause,­ (a) "concern" means a Hindu undivided family, or a firm or an association of persons or a body of individuals or a company; (b) a person shall be deemed to have a substantial interest in a concern, other than a company, if he is, at any time during the previous year, beneficially entitled to not less than twenty per cent of the income of such concern;] ­­­ 13 A bare perusal thereof, would indicate that term “dividend” includes any distribution by a company of accumulated profits, any distribution   to   its   shareholders   by   a   company   of   debentures, debenture­stock, or deposit certificates in any form, whether with or without interest,  any distribution made to the shareholders by the   company   on   its   liquidation,   any   distribution   made   to   the shareholder by a company on the reduction of its capital and all this is dealt with by clauses (a) to (d) of Section 2(22) of the I. T. Act. Aswale 17/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 Then comes clause (e) which says that any payment by a company   and   not   being   a   company   in   which   the   public   are substantially interested, of any sum (whether as representing a part of the assets of the company or otherwise) made after 31st  May 1987, but by way of advance or loan to a shareholder being a person who is the beneficial owner of the shares not being  shares entitled to a fixed rate of dividend whether with or without a right to participate in profits holding not less than 10% of the voting power.  This is one category and second one is a payment by way of advance or loan to any concern in which such shareholder is a member or partner and in which he has  substantial interest.  The third category is any payment by any such company  for individual benefit   of   any   such   shareholders   to   the   extent   of   which   the company in either case possesses accumulated profits. 15 Later part of  this definition states as to what is not included in “dividend” and the legislature has carefully specified that any advance   or   loan   made   to   a   shareholder   or   concern   in   which shareholder is a member or partner and in which he has substantial Aswale 18/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 interest, by the company in ordinary course of his business where the lending of money is a substantial part of the business of the company or  any dividend paid by a company which is set off by the company against the whole or any part of sum previously paid by it and treated as a dividend within the meaning of sub­clause (e) to the extent to which it is so set off, is not dividend within the meaning of this definition. 16 We are strictly not concerned with clauses (iv) and (v) which payments are not termed as dividend or Explanations 1 and 2. Explanation (3) states that for the  purpose of this clause namely clause (a) "concern” means a Hindu undivided family or a firm or an association of persons or  a body of individuals or a company. The explanation also states and explains that a person shall be deemed to have a substantial interest in a concern, other than a company, if he is, at any time during the previous year, beneficially entitled to not less than 20% of income of such concern. 17 We   would,   for   the   sake   of   appreciation   of   the   rival Aswale 19/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 contentions note the  facts in the Appeal which is styled as Income Tax Appeal No.114 of 2012. There, return of income was filed by the assessee  declaring total income of Rs.3,77,11,467/­. The return was   processed   under   Section   143(1)   of   the   I.   T.   Act.     The assessment was subsequently rectified   determining   the assessed income at Rs.3,32,31,204/­ . The case was selected for scrutiny. The assessee company is engaged in the business of  manufacture and   sale   of   printed   Aluminum   Collapsible   Tubes   and   Auxiliary Machine   used   in   manufacture   of   tube.     What   is   relevant   and material for our purpose is dis­allowance under Section 2(22)(e) of the  I. T.  Act.   During  the assessment  year  under  consideration namely 2006­2007, credit entries were found in the books of the assessee   company.     M/s   Bhavin   Containers   Pvt   Ltd,   M/s   Patel Aluminium Pvt Ltd, M/s. Lans Metal Pvt Ltd and   M/s. Patcart Packaging Pvt Ltd had lent an advanced monies to the assessee company.  One M. I. Patel, Director of the Assessee company holds more than 10% of equity shares in all the companies noted above. He   also   holds   more   than   20%   of   the   shares   of   the   assessee company.  The Assessing Officer perused the balance sheet of the Aswale 20/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 respective   companies   and   it   revealed   that   the   reserves   and surpluses   in   all   these   companies   are   more   than   the   amount standing to the credit of these companies.  This is the position in the case of all companies except M/s. Patcart Packaging Pvt Ltd and that is how he arrived at the conclusion that the requirement of Section 2(22) (e) of the I. T. Act is satisfied and the balance namely credit entries found in the books of the assessee company were considered for dis­allowance under Section 2(22)(e) of the Act. 18 Aggrieved  and dissatisfied with the adverse order passed by the Assessing Officer also to the above effect so also initiation of proceedings for imposition of penalty that the matter was carried in Appeal inter­alia on this ground.  We are not concerned with the other dis­allowances made by the Assessing Officer and which were also   subject   matter   of   the   Appeal   before   the   Commissioner   of Income Tax, Mumbai.   In the appellate order, the Commissioner noted ground no.6 which is the addition made of Rs.96,16,924/­ as deemed   dividend.     The   Commissioner   referred   to   the   factual position and the arguments and found that the impugned credit Aswale 21/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 balances   are   not   the   sums   received   from   the   related   concern, having common shareholders as a loan or advance so that it could attract the provisions of Section 2(22) (e) of the I. T. Act.   The credit balances represent cost of goods or services received by the Appellants and which cannot be treated as an advance or loan. Holding thus, he could have concluded that the credit entries are not covered by this provision and the payment does not fall therein. However, he assumed that the share holding pattern is such that the provisions of Section  2(22)(e) will be attracted, but  concluded that the other argument, namely, deemed dividend can be assessed only in the case of a person who is   a shareholder of the lender company   and   not   in   the   hands   of   the   person   other   than   the shareholder, deserves acceptance. That is how paragraph nos.6.3 and 6.4 of the order of the Commissioner would read.  In coming to this conclusion, he relied upon the order of the special bench of the Tribunal in the case of Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax v/s Bhaumik Colour Pvt Ltd. 19 The result of this discussion was that the Commissioner of Aswale 22/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 Income Tax(Appeals) partly allowed the Appeal of the assessee.

The Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax(Revenue) carried the   matter in Appeal.   The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, in Income Tax Appeal No.1597 of Mum/2010 and in dealing with this ground, in paragraph no.6 of the order dated 13th April 2011, held as under:­ “ The second ground is that the CIT(A) erred in  deleting the addition of Rs.96,16,924/­ made under section 2(22) (e) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. On this point there is an order of the Tribunal in the case of DCIT v/s M/s. Patel Aluminium Pvt  Ltd  in ITA  No.1598/Mum/2010 dated 19.01.2011. The  controversy  in  this  case was whether an addition for deemed dividend can be made in the hands of the recipient of the amount even though he is not a shareholder of the lender company.  It was held, following   the   decision   of   the   Special   Bench   of   the Tribunal in the case of ACIT v/s Bhaumik Colour P. Ltd (2009) 313 ITR (AT) 146 (Mum)(SB) that in order to attract the applicability of section 2 (22) (e) the recipient of the amount from the company has to be a registered shareholder of the company.   In the present case the following credit balances were shown in the assessee's account in the following companies: (i)M/s. Bhavin Containers P.Ltd Rs.38,75,412/­ (ii)M/s.Patel Aluminium Pvt Ltd Rs.93,978/­ (iii)M/s Lans Metal Pvt Ltd Rs.28,94,357/­ (iv)M/s.Patcart Packaging Pvt Ltd Rs.44,31,466/­ The finding of the CIT(A) is that the assessee is not a Aswale 23/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 shareholder in any of the aforesaid companies. According to   the   Assessing   Officer,   one   M.   I.   Patel   who   was   a director of the assessee company held more than 10% of the equity shares of the above four companies and he also held   more   than   20%   of   the   shares   of   the   assessee company.  But even the Assessing Officer has not found that the assessee company was a shareholder  of any of the four companies. In such circumstances the CIT(A) was right in deleting the addition   made under section 2(22)(e) following the order of the Special Bench cited above.   It is also to be noted that the reasoning of the Special Bench has been upheld by the Hon'ble Bombay Hon'ble   Bombay   High   Court   have   been   noticed   and followed in the order of the Tribunal in the case of M/s. Patel Aluminium Pvt Ltd(supra).  Respectfully following the judgment of the Hon'ble Bombay High Court, we confirm the decision of the CIT(A) and dismiss the second ground.” 21 As a result of the above quoted conclusion the Revenue's Appeal was dismissed. 22 We find that in identical factual position, the  Revenue in the case of Universal Medicare  formulated two questions and termed them   as   substantial   questions   of   law.     They   were   posed   for consideration and determination of this Court.  They were  pressed during the course of arguments, as well.  The judgment in the case Aswale 24/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 of   Universal   Medicare   takes   note   of   the   questions   of   law   and particularly, question no.

2.

The ratio of the decision of the special bench of the Tribunal in the case of Bhaumik Colour Pvt Ltd., was also   a   question   posed   for   answer   by   this   Court   in   Universal Medicare (supra). 23 Thereafter, the Tribunal's findings have been referred to at page no.267 of the report.  In paragraph no.7, the Division Bench referred to the definition of the term “dividend” as appearing in the I. T. Act and which we have reproduced above, and then held as under: “The Tribunal in Appeal has reversed the findings of the Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   (Appeals)   on   two   counts. Firstly, the Tribunal held that the provisions of Section 2(22)(e) would be attracted if a loan was taken by the shareholder from any closely held company. In the present case, the Tribunal noted that the amount was part of a fraud committed on the assessee and the transaction was not reflected in its books of account. In the circumstances, Section   2(22)(e)   was   held   not   to   apply.   Secondly,   the Tribunal held that even otherwise, the amount would have to be taxed in the hands of the shareholder who obtained the benefit and not in the hands of the assessee.

7.

Under Section 56, income of every kind which is not to be   excluded   from   the   total   income   under   the   Act   is chargeable  to   income  tax   under  the  head   income   from other sources, if it is not chargeable to income tax under Aswale 25/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 any of the heads specified in items (a) to (e) of Section 14. Under Clause (1) of sub­section (2), income by way of dividend   is   chargeable   to   income   tax   under   the   head income   from   other   sources.   Section   2(22)   provides   an inclusive   definition   of   the   expression   'dividend'   for   the purposes of the Act. Section 2(22)(e) is as follows: (22) "dividend" includes ­ (a) to (d).... (e) any payment by a company, not being a company in which the public are substantially interested, or any sum (whether   as   representing   a   part   of   the   assets   of   the company or otherwise) made after the 31st day of May, 1987, by way of advance or loan to a shareholder, being a person who is the beneficial owner of shares (not being shares entitled to a fixed rate of dividend whether with or without a right to participate in profits) holding not less than ten per cent of the voting power, or to any concern in which such shareholder is a member or a partner and in which he has a substantial interest (hereafter in this clause referred to as the said concern) or any payment by any such company on behalf, or for the individual benefit, of any such shareholder, to the extent to which the company in either case possesses accumulated profits; 8. Clause (e) of Section 2(22) is not artistically worded. For facility of exposition, the contents can be broken down for analysis: (i) Clause (e) applies to any payment by a company not being   a   company   in   which   the   public   is   substantially interested of any sum, whether as representing a part of the assets of the company or otherwise made after the 31 May 1987; (ii) Clause (e) covers a payment made by way of   a   loan   or   advance   to   (a)   a   shareholder,   being   a beneficial owner of shares (not being shares entitled to a fixed rate of dividend whether with or without a right to participate in profits) holding not less than ten per cent of the   voting   power;   or   (b)   any   concern   in   which   such shareholder is a member or a partner and in which he has a substantial interest; (iii) Clause (e) also includes in its purview any payment made by a company on behalf of or Aswale 26/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 for the individual benefit, of any such shareholder; (iv) Clause (e) will apply to the extent to which the company, in   either   case,   possesses   accumulated   profits.   The remaining part of the provision is not material for the purposes   of   this   Appeal.   By   providing   an   inclusive definition of the expression 'dividend', Clause 2(22) brings within   its   purview   items   which   may   not   ordinarily constitute   the   payment   of   dividend.   Parliament   has expanded   the   ambit   of   the   expression   'dividend'   by providing an inclusive definition.

9.

In order that the first part of Clause (e) of Section 2(22) is attracted, the payment by a company has to be by way of an advance or loan. The advance or loan has to be made, as   the   case   may   be,   either   to   a   shareholder,   being   a beneficial owner holding not less than ten per cent of the voting   power   or   to   any   concern   to   which   such   a shareholder is a member or a partner and in which he has a substantial interest. The Tribunal in the present case has found that as a matter of fact no loan or advance was granted to the assessee, since the amount in question had actually been defalcated and was not reflected in the books of   account   of   the   assessee.   The   fact   that   there   was   a defalcation seems to have been accepted since this amount was   allowed   as   a   business   loss   during   the   course   of assessment   year   2006­2007. Consequently,   according   to the   Tribunal   the   first   requirement   of   there   being   an advance or loan was not fulfilled. In our view, the finding that there was no advance or loan is a pure finding of fact which does not give rise to any substantial question of law. However, even on the second aspect which has weighed with the Tribunal, we are of the view that the construction which has been placed on the provisions of Section 2(22) (e) is correct. Section 2(22)(e) defines the ambit of the expression 'dividend'. All payments by way of dividend have to be taxed in the hands of the recipient of the dividend namely the shareholder. The effect of Section 2(22) is to provide an inclusive definition of the expression dividend. Clause (e) expands the nature of payments which can be classified   as   a   dividend.   Clause   (e)   of   Section   2(22) Aswale 27/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 includes a payment made by the company in which the public is not substantially interested by way of an advance or loan to a shareholder or to any concern to which such shareholder   is   a   member   or   partner,   subject   to   the fulfillment of the requirements which are spelt out in the provision. Similarly, a payment made by a company on behalf,   of   for   the   individual   benefit,   of   any   such shareholder is treated by Clause (e) to be included in the expression 'dividend'. Consequently, the effect of Clause (e) of Section 2(22) is to broaden the ambit of the expression 'dividend'   by   including   certain   payments   which   the company   has   made   by   way   of   a   loan   or   advance   or payments made on behalf of or for the individual benefit of a   shareholder.   The   definition   does   not   alter   the   legal position that dividend has to be taxed in the hands of the shareholder. Consequently in the present case the payment, even assuming that it was a dividend, would have to be taxed not in the hands of the assessee but in the hands of the shareholder. The Tribunal was, in the circumstances, justified in coming to the conclusion that, in any event, the payment could not be taxed in the hands of the assessee. We may in concluding note that the basis on which the assessee is sought to be taxed in the present case in respect of the amount of  Rs. 32,00,000/­ is that  there was a dividend under Section 2(22)(e) and no other basis has been suggested in the order of the Assessing Officer.” We are of the opinion that the Revenue cannot urge before us that the conclusion rendered by the Division Bench in the case of Universal Medicare on the second aspect which had weighed  with the Tribunal in that case, is merely an observation or in the  nature of   obiter dictum and that cannot be said to be the ratio of the judgment is the first contention before us.  We are unable to accept Aswale 28/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 this contention for more than one reason.  The Universal Medicare's case also was a Revenue's appeal.  In Universal Medicare, the Court was dealing with three questions termed as substantial questions of law on behalf of the Revenue.  The Revenue specifically urged that the Tribunal's findings on the first as well as the second aspect are erroneous   and   raised     substantial   questions   of   law.     It   was contended that the Tribunal could not have arrived at a factual

conclusion that  Section 2 (22) (e) could not be attracted.  If a loan was taken by a shareholder from any closely held company and findings   of   fact   are   that   the   amount   was   a   part   of   the   fraud committed on the assessee and the transaction was not reflected in its books of accounts would not mean that Section 2(22)(e) is not applicable or attracted.  The Tribunal held that it does not apply in the light of such factual  position.  However, it was also urged that the Tribunal's second conclusion that even if the factual aspect denotes payment within the meaning of Section 22(2) (e) of the I. T. Act, that would have to be taxed in the hands of the shareholder who obtained the benefit and not in the hands of the assessee, raises substantial questions of law. Aswale 29/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 It is in that regard that the above reproduced observations of the Hon'ble Division Bench have been made.  The Division Bench held that even on the second aspect, the construction which has been placed on the provision (Section 2(22)(e)) by the Tribunal is correct.  All payments by way of dividend have to be taxed in the hands of the recipient  of the dividend namely the shareholder.  The section provides inclusive definition of term dividend and rather explaining the nature of payment which can be classified as such, therefore, the Division Bench concluded that this definition does not alter the legal position that dividend has to be taxed in the hands of the shareholder. In the facts of the case noted by the Division Bench assuming the payment was dividend, it would have to be taxed not in the hands of the asseessee namely Universal but in the hands of the shareholder. 25 Once the correctness of this conclusion is put in issue before us and it is strenuously urged that it requires reconsideration, then, we   cannot   accept   the   first   contention   of   the   Revenue   that   the observations in the Division Bench judgment on the second aspect Aswale 30/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 are mere obiter dictum and not a ratio and thus binding on us. They are a binding precedent as the Division Bench was directly called upon to answer the question based on the second aspect or the   conclusion   on   the   second   point/ground     urged   before   the Tribunal. 26 It is then urged that the Division Bench judgment in Universal Medicare does not take into consideration the amendments that have been made to the statute from time to time. It is urged that the amendment specifically refers to a person who is a beneficial owner of the shares.  It is submitted that there are several words which have been  substituted by the amendment. The words “ being a person who is a beneficial owner of share”, therefore, cannot be given   the   same   meaning   as   is   assigned   to   it   in   the   judgment delivered   by   the   Hon'ble   Supreme   Court   in   the   case   of Aswale 31/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 in   mind that the legislature stepped­in to amend the sub­clause with some definite intent and purpose.   The purpose was not to allow circumvention or bye passing a statute like the I. T. Act 1961. Therefore,   any   reference   to   the   position   of   the shareholders/members of a company as is to be found in the Indian Company Act, 1956 is wholly unwarranted and uncalled for.  The words “shareholder being a person who is the beneficial owner of the   assessee”,   therefore,   must   receive   an   interpretation   in consonance with the legislative intent.  That being not to restrict it to a shareholder registered as such, that we will have to take a second look at the view taken by this Court in  Universal (supra). This argument is opposed by the counsel of the assessee by pointing out not only the judgment in the Universal Medicare takes care of all these aspects but interpretation placed on the provision in that judgment has  found   favour  with  several  High Courts and the leading judgment of the Delhi High Court which follows the view taken in Universal Medicare is relied upon. 27 We   have   perused   the   provision   carefully   and   equally   the Aswale 32/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 judgment in the case of Universal Medicare and the view following the same rendered by several High Courts.  We are of the opinion that   there   is   no   merit   in   the   contentions   of   the   Revenue   that Universal Medicare was either erroneously decided or that the view taken   in   Universal   Medicare   requires   reconsideration.     In   that regard,  we must not brush aside the binding precedent or the judgment   of   a   co­ordinate   bench   simply   because   some   of   the arguments canvassed before us were either not canvassed or if canvassed were not considered.   The binding precedent can be ignored only if it is per­incuriam. Such is not the stand before us. All that is urged is several facets and which emerge from a reading of section namely Section 2(22) together with its sub­clauses have not been noticed  by the Division Bench while deciding Universal's case. 28 We are unable to agree with the Revenue in this behalf.  What we have noted is that the legislature  has incorporated and inserted the   definition   of   the   term   “dividend”.     It   is   made   inclusive   of distribution of profits, any distribution to the shareholders by a Aswale 33/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 company of debentures, debenture­stock, or deposit certificate in any form, or distribution made to the shareholders upon liquidation of a company.  Equally, amount distributed on reduction of capital is termed as dividend.   What is also then included is a payment made by a company to its shareholder.  That is by way of advance or loan to him.  This is included so as to visit the shareholder with a liability to pay tax.   It is eventually, the shareholder who will pay tax on the same.   The shareholder cannot escape   that liability merely because the loan or advance has been made over to any concern in which such shareholder is a member or a partner and in which he has substantial interest.  Earlier, legislature noted that the shareholder would receive the sum from a company and which is not   strictly   falling   within   the   concept   of     “dividend”.     Firstly, because that was received by way of advance or loan, secondly, an attempt was made to show that the advance or loan is not to the shareholder who is registered as such but to a concern in which he is a member or a partner and in which he may have a substantial interest   but   that   cannot   be   termed   as   advance   or   loan   to   the shareholder.     With   a   view   to   take   care   of   such   stand   of   the Aswale 34/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 shareholders and not allow them to escape the liability to pay tax that the definition came   to be   broadly worded by indicating therein the reference to any concern.  Equally, any payment made by such company on behalf of the shareholder or for individual benefit of any shareholder to the extent to which the company in other case possesses accumulated profits has also been brought in. Thus, in addition to distribution of accumulated profit, debenture stock or deposit certificate etc, a payment of the aforesaid nature has been termed as “dividend” and included in the definition.  At the same time, the legislature has taken care not to include any advance or loan made to a shareholder or the said concern in which such shareholder is a member or a partner and in which he has substantial interest in the ordinary course of the business of the company and where lending of money is substantial part of the business   of   the   company.     Equally,   any   dividend   paid   by   the company which is set off by the  company against the whole or any part of any sum previously paid by it and treated as a dividend within the meaning of sub­clause (e), to the extent to which it is so set off, is also excluded  advisedly. Aswale 35/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 We are also of the opinion that any reference to Explanation 3 and particularly the definition of term “concern” will not advance or   carry   the   Revenue's   case   any   further.     Eventually,   it   is   the shareholder who is registered as such who is entitled to receive the dividend.  Merely because the payment is made to him by way of advance or loan was not termed as such earlier that the legislature has   inserted   such   a   payment   in   the   definition   of   the   term “dividend”   and   made   the   definition   wide   and   broad   so   also inclusive. 30 We do not see how with this legal position and the status of the   shareholder   recognized   in   law   can   be   ignored   while interpreting Section 2 (22) (e) of the I. T. Act.   Precisely, this is what has been done by this Court in the judgment rendered in the case of Universal Medicare.  It is not necessary  for us to make a detailed reference to the order of the Special Bench of the Tribunal in the case of Bhaumik  Colour Pvt Ltd.  Suffice it to hold that the view taken by this Court in the case of M/s. Universal Medicare does not require any reconsideration.   We are not in agreement Aswale 36/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 with Shri Gupta that the definition does not contemplate or does not stipulate any requirement of assessee being a shareholder of the assessee like the one in the present case.   The view taken in the present case that the recipient/assessee was not a shareholder, thus is in consonance with the legal position noted by us hereinabove. 31 We are of the further view that this Court merely restated this principle and which remains unaltered throughout from the case of Rameshwarlal   Sanwarmal   v/s   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax reported   in   1980   (122)   I.   T.   R.   page   1   (SC).     The   Hon'ble Supreme Court held that it is only where a loan is advanced by the company to the registered shareholder and other conditions set out in Section 2 (6A) (e) of the then prevailing I.T. Act 1922 are satisfied that the amount of the loan would be liable to be regarded as deemed dividend within the meaning of that provision.  The loan granted to the beneficial owner of the share, who is not registered shareholder would not fall within the meaning  of Section 2 (6A) (e) of the I. T. Act.   What the section is designed to strike at is advance or loan to a shareholder and the word shareholder can Aswale 37/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 mean only the registered shareholder.  The Hon'ble Supreme Court following the judgment in the case of  Commissioner of Income Tax v/s C. P. Sarathy reported in 1972 (83) ITR 170(SC)  held that the beneficial owner of shares whose name does not appear in the register of the shareholders of the company cannot be said to be a shareholder though he may be beneficially entitled to the shares but he is not a shareholder.  Mr. Gupta, appearing before us for the Revenue   would   submit   that     much   water   has   flown   after   the decision   in   the   case   of   Rameshwarlal   and  C.   P.   Sarathy(supra) because the provision has been amended since then.   The fiction

therefore must be carried to its logical end and its purpose should not   be   defeated   by   narrow   construction   as   was   placed   on   the provision prior to its amendment.  In other words, the amendment was brought in only because of such view having taken earlier, is his submission. 32 We are unable to accept it because of the consistent view taken and that even if the words as noted by us  herein­above have been inserted in the definition so as to make reference to the Aswale 38/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 beneficial owner of the shares, still the definition essentially covers the payment to the shareholder and the position of the shareholder as noted in the Supreme Court's decision, cannot undergo any change.  That legal position and status of the shareholder being the same, we do not see how the view prevailing from Commissioner of Income   Tax  v/s  C.   P.  Sarathy(supra)  is  in   any  way   said  to  be changed.  That is how all the judgments subsequent thereto have been   rendered.     The   reliance   placed   by   Ms.   Vissanjee   on   the judgment   of   the   Division   Bench   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of Commissioner of Income Tax, Patiala v/s Shahzada Nand and Sons and Ors, reported in (1966) 177 ITR 393,  is therefore, apposite.   Equally, her reliance on the judgment of the Division Bench of Delhi High Court is well placed.  We have noted that the Delhi High Court and even after exhaustive amendment to Section 2(22)(e) held that the payment made to any concern would not come   within   the   purview   of   this   sub­clause   so   long   as   it contemplated   shareholders.     The   Division   Bench   of   Delhi   High Court has made detailed reference to all the decisions in the field. It has also referred to the order passed by the Special Bench of the Aswale 39/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 Tribunal in arriving at the same conclusion.  In the Commissioner of Income Tax v/s Ankitech Pvt Ltd reported in 2012 (340) ITR page 14,  the Hon'ble Delhi High Court referred to both Sarathy Mudaliar and Rameshwarlal Sanwarmal (supra), extensively.   It also referred to the arguments of the Revenue which are somewhat similar   to   those   raised   before   us.     It   is   in   dealing   with   these arguments that the Division Bench concluded that all the three limbs of the section   analyzed in Universal Medicare denote the intention that closely held  companies namely companies in which public are not substantially interested which are controlled by a group of members, even though having accumulated profits would not distribute such profit as dividend because if so distributed the dividend   income   would   become   taxable   in   the   hands   of   the shareholders.   Instead   of   distributing   accumulated   profits   as dividend,   companies   distribute   them   as   loan   or   advances   to shareholders   or   to   concern   in   which   such   shareholders   have substantial interest or make any payment on behalf of or for the individual benefit of such shareholder. In such an event, by the deeming provision, such payment by the company is treated as Aswale 40/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 dividend.   The purpose is to tax dividend in the hands of the shareholder.

We do not see how such a view taken by the Delhi High Court and which reaffirms that of this Court in Universal Medicare can be said to be contrary to the legal fiction or the intent and purpose of the legislature in enacting it.   The view taken by the Delhi High Court in the Commissioner of Income Tax v/s Ankitech Pvt Ltd (supra) has thus our respectful concurrence. 34 We do not make reference to the other judgments because this line of reasoning has been followed in the same.   It is not necessary to multiply  our judgment by making reference to each of the orders following the judgment in Ankitech Pvt Ltd and rendered by  Delhi High Court or by the Allahabad High Court and Gujrat High Court. 35 We are of the view that so long as the Tribunal in the matters and   the   Appeals   which   are   brought   before   us   holds   that   the Aswale 41/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 assessee company before it was not a shareholder in any of the entities which have advanced and lent sums, then, the addition is required to be deleted and following the judgment in Universal Medicare(supra) of this Court.   Such a view taken in the present case by the Tribunal, therefore, cannot be termed as perverse or vitiated by any error of law apparent on the face of record.  The Appeal, therefore, does not raise any substantial question of law. 36 Our  judgment   passed  today,   shall  cover   all  such   cases  in which recipient is not shareholder of the lender company.   The Appeals raising such grounds, therefore, would follow this order and even they would stand dismissed as they do not raise any substantial question of law. 37 Equally, if the payment cannot be termed as loan or advance to the shareholder, then, even such a view cannot be termed in the given   facts   and   circumstances   and   without   anything   more   as perverse or vitiated by error of law apparent on the face of the record. Even the Appeals impugning such orders of the Tribunal, Aswale 42/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 therefore, will have to be dismissed and they accordingly stand dismissed.

In the light of the above all the Appeals which raise similar questions as noted by us in the judgment delivered today, would stand disposed of by this order. ( B. P. COLABAWALLA, J.)          (S. C. DHARMADHIKARI, J.) Aswale 43/43 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:21:58 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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