M/S. ALLANASONS LTD. vs. THE DEPUTY COMMISSIOONER OF INCOME TAX CIRCLE 1(1)

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WP/801/2005HC Bombay17 June 2014Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE G. S. KULKARNI12 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court allowed the petition. It held that for reopening an assessment beyond four years from the end of the relevant assessment year, two conditions must be cumulatively satisfied: (a) a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment, and (b) such escapement must have arisen due to the assessee's failure to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment. The Court clarified that while the absence of the specific phrase 'failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts' might not automatically oust jurisdiction if the reasons recorded, read as a whole, imply such failure, in the present case, the reasons recorded did not indicate any such failure. The reasons solely relied on subsequent judicial pronouncements, which, by themselves, do not constitute a failure to disclose material facts necessary for reopening beyond the four-year period. The Court also distinguished the revenue's reliance on A.L.A. Firm, noting it dealt with existing binding decisions at the time of assessment and not subsequent ones, and concerned the normal limitation period, not the extended one. Therefore, the impugned notice was found to be without jurisdiction.

What were the facts?

The assessee, M/s. Allanasons Limited, filed a writ petition challenging a notice dated January 10, 2005, issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, to reopen the assessment for Assessment Year (AY) 1998-99. For AY 1998-99, the assessee declared income of Rs. 2.47 Crores after claiming a deduction of Rs. 17.67 Crores under Section 80HHC. The Assessing Officer (AO) passed an assessment order on March 7, 2001, determining the income at Rs. 9.57 Crores after reducing the Section 80HHC deduction to Rs. 10.67 Crores. The notice to reopen was issued more than four years after the end of AY 1998-99. The assessee objected, arguing the notice was without jurisdiction as there was no failure to disclose material facts. The AO rejected these objections on February 28, 2005, alleging such failure for the first time.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the notice dated January 10, 2005, issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for reopening the assessment for AY 1998-99 is without jurisdiction, considering it was issued more than four years after the end of the relevant assessment year and the reasons recorded do not indicate any failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment? (Question of law and mixed fact and law, turning on Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961). Assessee's arguments: - The reasons recorded for issuing the notice do not mention any failure to fully and truly disclose material facts, making the notice without jurisdiction, citing Hindustan Lever Ltd. v. R.B. Wadkar. - The requirement of failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts is a sine qua non for issuing a notice beyond four years, and the reasons do not indicate this. - The basis for the notice is subsequent court decisions, which do not, by themselves, constitute a failure to disclose material facts. Revenue's arguments: - It is open to the AO to reopen an assessment under Section 143(3) based on subsequent decisions, citing A.L.A. Firm v. Commissioner of Income-Tax. - The order rejecting objections dated February 28, 2005, alleges failure to disclose material facts, thus validating the notice.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 148,Section 143(3),Section 147,Section 80HHC

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
wp-801-2005 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO.801 OF 2005 M/s. Allanasons Limited ] a Company registered under the  ] Companies Act, 1956 having its  ] Registered Office at Allana House, ] Allana Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 001. ] .. Petitioner. V/s. 1 The Deputy Commissioner of Income ] Tax Circle 1(1), having his office at ] Room No.533, Aayakar Bhavan, ] M. K. Road, Mumbai 400 020. ] 2 The Additional Commissioner of  ] Income Tax Range I, having his ] office at 5th Floor, Aayakar Bhavan, ] M. K. Road, Mumbai 400 020. ] 3 The Commissioner of Income Tax, ] City I, having his office at 3rd Floor, ] Aayakar Bhavan, M. K. Road, ] Mumbai 400 020. ] 4 Union of India, having his office at  ] Aayakar Bhavan, M. K. Road, ] Mumbai 400 020. ] .. Respondents. Mr.   Jitendra   Jain   with   Mr.   Murlidharan   V.   C.   i/b.   M/s.   Joy   Legal  Consultants, for the Petitioner. Mr. Suresh Kumar,  for the Respondents. CORAM:  M.S.SANKLECHA, &         G.S. KULKARNI, JJ. DATE    :  17th JUNE, 2014. S.R.JOSHI 1 of 12 CNR No : HCBM020052922005 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:24 wp-801-2005

ORAL JUDGMENT (Per M. S. Sanklecha,J.) The Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, assails the notice dated 10th January 2005 issued under Section 148 of the Income  Tax  Act,   1961   (the   Act).   By  the   impugned  notice  dated  10th January 2005, the Assessing Officer has sought to re­open the assessment for the Assessment Year 1998­99. 2 The relevant facts necessary for disposing of the Petition are as under:­ (a) For the Assessment Year 1998­99, the Petitioner filed its return of income declaring its income at Rs.2.47 Crores. The income of Rs.2.47 Crores was arrived at by claiming a deduction of Rs.17.67 Crores under Section 80HHC of the Act; (b) On 7th  March 2001, the Assessing Officer passed an Assessment Order under Section 143(3) of the Act, determining the Petitioner's income at Rs.9.57 Crores. This was so determined after having reduced   the   deduction   under   Section   80HHC   of   the   Act   to Rs.10.67 Crores; (c) On 10th January 2005, the impugned notice under Section 148 of the Act was issued, seeking to re­open the assessment for the Assessment Year 1998­99. Thereafter on 28th  January 2005, the reasons recorded for re­opening were furnished to the Petitioner. The reasons recorded at the time of issuing the impugned notice reads as under:­ S.R.JOSHI 2 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 “Assessee has been allowed deduction u/s. 80HHC as under:­ Trading profit Rs.5,29,09,932/­ Profit from manufacturing Rs.7,00,54,773/­ Deduction on incentives Rs.12,38,59,372/­ Deduction allowed Rs.10,67,14,531/­ When the deduction was allowed the judgment of Mangalya Trading and Investment Ltd (ITA 6354/Mum./98 dt. 23/4/2004) was not available at the time of completion of assessment u/s. 143(3).  The decision of ITAT Mumbai has been endorsed by the Hon'ble High Court in the case of Rohan Dyes & Intermediates Ltd. v/s. CIT dated 9/8/2004. In view of these judgments the deduction u/s. 80­HHC would not available on the balance incentives, even where the 90% of the incentives exceeds the (Net) loss from the exports.   As per judgment of IPCA Laboratories Ltd. of Supreme Court (266 ITR 521) and the losses in export of trading goods should be adjusted against the profits of manufacture goods for vis­a­versa while computing the deduction u/s. 80­HHC.  Therefore, in view of the decision of IPCA Laboratories Ltd. and Rohan Dye and Intermediates Ltd, the   deduction   u/s.   80­HHC   will   not   available   on   balance incentives   if   there   is   no   net   profit   from   trading   and manufacturing export. After adjusting the loss of Rs.7,00,54,773/­ from manufacturing   export   against   trading   profit   of Rs.5,29,09,932/­, there is net loss of Rs.1,71,44,841/­.  Since the assessee do not have profit from exports, the deduction on incentives is not available in view of decision of Rohan Dye & Intermediates Ltd. cited above.   Therefore, I have reason to believe that income has escaped assessment.  Approval has been granted   by   CIT­I,   Mumbai   vide   letter   dt.   6/1/2005   for   re­ opening assessment u/s. 147. Therefore, assessment proceeding are re­opened u/s. 147. Issue notice u/s. 148 of the I.T. Act.” (d) The assessee filed its objections and in particular urged that the impugned notice dated 10th January 2005 is without juri iction. This was on the ground that the impugned notice is issued after the expiry of four years from the end of the Assessment Year 1998­99 S.R.JOSHI 3 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 and the reasons recorded do not indicate any failure on the part of   the   Petitioner   to   fully   and   truly   disclose   all   material   facts necessary   for   assessment.   Besides,   other   objections   were   also raised; and (e) By   an order   dated   28th    February 2005, the Assessing Officer rejected the Petitioner's objections to re­opening of the  assessment for Assessment Year 1998­99. It was only in the order rejecting the objections that the Assessing Officer alleged for the first time that the Petitioner had failed to truly and fully disclose all material facts necessary for assessment. 3 It is this notice dated 10th January 2005 and the consequent order dated 28th February 2005 rejecting Petitioner's objections to re­ opening of the assessment for the Assessment Year 1998­99 which is challenged in this Petition. This Petition was admitted on 19th April 2005 and the revenue was restrained by an interim order from acting on the impugned notice  dated 10th  January 2005. 4 Mr. Jain, learned Counsel appearing in support of the Petition submits that :­ (i) the reasons as recorded for issuing the impugned notice dated 10th January 2005 does not mention any failure on the part of the Petitioner to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment.     Thus,   in   view   of   the   decision   of   this   Court   in Hindustan  Lever   Ltd.   v/s.   R.   B.   Wadkar   268   ITR   332,   the impugned notice is without juri iction; (ii) in  any  case,  the  reasons  as recorded for issue of impugned notice S.R.JOSHI 4 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 dated 10th January 2005  do  not  indicate any failure on the part of the Petitioner to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment.  The aforesaid requirement is sine­qua­non for issue of a notice beyond a period of four years from the end of the relevant   Assessment   Year   i.e.   Assessment   Year   1998­99   for   re­ assessment; and (iii) the only basis for issuing the impugned notice dated 10th January 2005 as recorded in the reasons is subsequent decisions of Tribunal and Courts.  It is a settled position in law that decisions rendered by Court subsequent to assessment orders do not by itself amounts to failure to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment. In view of the above, it is submitted that the Petition be allowed. 5 As against the above, Mr. Suresh Kumar, learned Counsel appearing for the respondent­revenue in support the impugned notice dated 10th January 2005 as well as the order rejecting the objections dated 28th February 2005 urges as under:­ (i) It is open to the Assessing Officer to re­open the assessment passed under Section 143(3) of the Act in view of decision rendered subsequent to the assessment order passed by the Assessing Officer. In support, reliance is placed upon the decision of the Apex Court in the matter of A.L.A. Firm v/s. Commissioner of Income Tax 189 ITR 2085; and (ii) In  any  case, the  reasons  rejecting  the objections on 28th February S.R.JOSHI 5 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 2005 allege  failure on the part of the Petitioner to make full  and true disclose all material facts  necessary  for assessment. Therefore,   the   impugned   notice   is   valid   in   law   and   the Petition be dismissed. 6 It is well settled that in terms of the proviso to Section 147 of the Act any assessment sought to be opened beyond a period of four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year, the twin juri ictional conditions have to be cumulatively satisfied :­

(a) there must be a reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped the assessment; and (b) such  escapement of  income  should have  arisen on  account  of failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for assessment. Further as held by this Court in  Hindustan Lever Ltd.(supra)  the exercise of  juri iction has to be examined on the basis of the reasons recorded at the time of issuing the impugned notice.  It is not open to the Revenue to substitute or make addition to the reasons recorded at the time of issuing the impugned notice. 7 In   the   light   of   the   above   position   in   law   for   exercise   of juri iction,   we   would   consider   the   present   facts   in   the   light   of   the submissions made before us. 8 We shall first examine the submission of Mr. Jain, the learned Counsel for the Petitioner that in the absence of the reasons for re­opening S.R.JOSHI 6 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 mentioning 'failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment', the re­opening notice under Section 148 of the Act is without juri iction.   In support, reliance is placed on the decision of Hindustan Lever Ltd.(supra).  The observations which support is the Petitioner are:­ “20:­ The   reasons   recorded   by   the   Assessing   Officer nowhere state that there was failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for the assessment of that assessment year. It is needless to mention that the reasons are required to be read as they were recorded by   the   Assessing   Officer.   No   substitution   or   deletion   is permissible. No additions can be made to those reasons. No inference can be allowed to be drawn based on reasons not recorded. It is for the Assessing Officer to disclose and open his mind   through   reasons   recorded   by   him.   He   has   to   speak through his reasons. It is for the Assessing Officer to reach the

conclusion as to whether there was failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for his assessment for the concerned assessment year. It is for the Assessing Officer to form his opinion. It is for him to put his opinion on record in black and white. The reasons recorded should be clear and unambiguous and should not suffer from any vagueness. The reasons recorded must disclose his mind. Reasons are the manifestation of the mind of the Assessing Officer. The reasons recorded should be self­explanatory and should not keep the assessee guessing for the reasons. Reasons provide   link between conclusion and evidence. The reasons recorded must be based on evidence. The Assessing Officer, in the event of challenge to the reasons, must be able to justify the same based on material available on record. He must disclose in the reasons as to which fact or material was not disclosed by the assessee   fully   and   truly   necessary   for   assessment   of   that assessment year, so as to establish the vital link between the reasons and evidence. That vital link is the safeguard against arbitrary reopening of the concluded assessment. The reasons recorded by the Assessing Officer cannot be supplemented by filing  affidavit  or  making  an  oral submission, otherwise, the S.R.JOSHI 7 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 reasons which were lacking in the material particulars would get supplemented, by the time the matter reaches the Court, on the strength of the affidavit or oral submissions advanced.”

The aforesaid observations of our Court must be read in the light of the reasons recorded by the Assessing Officer for re­opening in the above case at paragraph 11 which reads as under:­ “11:­ On being noticed, respondents appeared and filed their counter affidavit disclosing the reasons recorded prior to the issuance of the notice under Section 148. The said reasons recorded read as under : "From the notes to the audited accounts, it is seen that while valuing closing stock, central excise and customs duty leviable on stock lying in godown was not considered as forming part of cost of the closing stock. Although no such duty was paid during the relevant previous year, liability to pay such duty arises   immediately  on  manufacture  of excisable  goods.  Also, Board's Instruction No. 1389 dated March 24, 1981, provides for inclusion of central excise and custom duty in valuation of inventory. In view of this position, I have reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment inasmuch as excise and customs duty leviable, Rs. 5.85 crores has not been added to the value of the closing stock, while completing the scrutiny assessment under Section 143(3) on 29th Jan., 1999." It would, therefore, be noticed that on reading of the reasons recorded as a whole it would not lead to a conclusion that there was any failure on the part of the assessee therein to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment. It was in the above context that observations of non­averment of failure to disclose all facts truly and fully were made. We are of the view that the words “failure on the  part  of  the assessee to disclose fully and truly   all material   facts   necessary for S.R.JOSHI 8 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 assessment”   is   not   a   magician's   mantra   which   alone   would   give juri iction to re­open an assessment.  Just as it would not be open to the revenue to urge that the mere use of words 'failure on the part of the assessee   to   disclose   fully   and   truly   all   material   facts   necessary   for assessment', the abscenee of the  above words will not by itself oust the juri iction to re­assess. We are of the view that if on reading of the reasons recorded as a whole implies/ points/ evidences a failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment, then the exercise of juri iction cannot be faulted.  We, therefore, do not accept the submission that the absence of the words 'failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment' would make the issue of notice under Section 148 of the Act without juri iction. 9 However, in the facts of the present case, the reasons as recorded, when read as a whole do not indicate even remotely any failure on the part of the Petitioner to disclose fully and truly any material facts necessary for assessment. The only reason recorded in this case by the Assessing Officer for re­opening is the subsequent decisions of Tribunal and Courts. There is no whisper of any facts indicating that the Petitioner had not having disclosed any fact which led to a reasonable belief that income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped   assessment.   Therefore,   in   the present facts, we are clearly of the view that the reasons as recorded for issuing the impugned notice dated 10th January 2005 do not satisfy the juri iction requirement in case of notice issued beyond a period of four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year i.e. 1998­99. S.R.JOSHI 9 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 The   contention   of   Mr.   Suresh   Kumar,   learned   Counsel appearing for the Revenue that the order rejecting the objections dated 28th  February  2005   did     allege   failure   to   disclose   truly   and  fully   all material facts and the same would be therefore satisfy the juri ictional requirement. In  view of the decision of this Court in Hindustan Lever Ltd. (supra) as found in paragraph 20 thereof quoted herein above, we are required to only examine the reasons recorded at the time of issuing the impugned notice dated 10th January 2005 under Section 148 of the Act to ascertain whether or not the Assessing Officer has juri iction to re­open the assessment. On examination of the reasons, we have come to the

conclusion that the impugned notice does not satisfy the juri ictional requirement   of   reasonable   belief   that   income   chargeable   to   tax   has escaped assessment on account of the assessee failure to disclose truly and fully material facts necessary for assessment. 11 Moreover, the reasons recorded at the time of issuing the impugned notice itself relied upon various decisions of the Court rendered subsequent to the Assessment Year to conclude   that there has been an escapement of income.   This escapement of income by itself would not give juri iction to the Assessing Officer to open an assessment beyond a period of four years of assessment unless it is coupled with a failure to disclose   truly   and fully disclose all material facts necessary for the assessment.   This   Court   in   the   matter   of  DIL   Ltd.   v/s.   Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax and Others 346 ITR 296  while dealing with  a Petition  where  notice was issued beyond a period of four  years on the basis  of  the  amendment in to Section 115(j)(b)  of  the  Act with retrospective   effect  from  1st April  2001  has  observed  that  “ In view of S.R.JOSHI 10 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 the retrospective amendment   of   law by Parliament, the Assessing Officer may have reason to believe that income has escaped assessment.  But that in itself is not sufficient for reopening an assessment beyond the period of four years.  Beyond the period of four years when an assessment is sought to be reopened, there must be a failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly   disclose all material facts necessary for assessment.”   In the above facts, this Court concluded that re­opening of an assessment beyond a period of four years from the end of the Assessment Year in the absence of any failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary for the assessment would not give juri iction to issue notice under Section 148 of the Act. 12 Before parting, we  may  point out that the reliance  placed by  Mr. Suresh Kumar, learned Counsel appearing for the Revenue upon the decision of the Apex Court in the matter of A.L.A. Firm (supra) is not applicable to the present facts.  For the reason that  the  above case did not deal with decisions rendered by Court after the conclusion of the Assessment Year or after passing of the Assessment Order as in this case but   it   dealt   with   situation   where   the   original   Assessment   Order   was passed overlooking a binding decision of Court in existence at the time when the order was passed. Besides, the decision dealt with the normal period of limitation and not the extended  period  of  limitation  as  in the present case. Moreover, it  dealt  with  the preamended Section 147  of the Act. Therefore, the aforesaid decision is  not  applicable  to  the facts in the present case. S.R.JOSHI 11 of 12 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-801-2005 In view of the above, we allow the Petition in terms of prayer clause (a).  No order as to costs. (G.S.KULKARNI,J.) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.)

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