NICKUNJ EXIMP ENTERPRISES PVT LTD. vs. ASST. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, RANGE 1(2) AND ANR.

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WP/2860/2012HC Bombay18 June 2014Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE G. S. KULKARNI15 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court dismissed the writ petition at the admission stage. The Court held that the reasons recorded for reopening, when read as a whole, indicated that material obtained during survey proceedings and scrutiny for AY 2008-09 provided a basis for a reasonable belief that income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment for AY 2005-06. Specifically, the Court noted that purchases from M/s. Rahul Industries, to the extent of Rs. 3.81 lacs, were not a subject of inquiry during the original assessment proceedings, meaning there was no prior opinion formed by the Assessing Officer on this specific aspect. Therefore, it could not be considered a mere change of opinion. The Court emphasized that the recording or non-recording of the exact phrase 'failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment' does not by itself confer or oust jurisdiction. The reasons must be read in their entirety to ascertain if there was a failure to disclose necessary facts. The Court made it clear that its observations were prima facie and made in the context of writ jurisdiction, leaving all contentions open to be urged by the petitioner during the reassessment proceedings before the Assessing Officer.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Nickunj Eximp Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., filed a writ petition challenging a notice dated December 7, 2010, issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, by the Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax (ACIT) to reopen the assessment for Assessment Year (AY) 2005-06. The petition also challenged the ACIT's order dated June 12, 2012, rejecting the assessee's objections to the reopening. The original assessment for AY 2005-06 was completed under Section 143(3) on March 27, 2007. The reasons for reopening, provided on July 11, 2011, and supplemented on April 2, 2012, indicated that during survey proceedings and scrutiny for AY 2008-09, evidence of bogus purchase bills from non-existent/bogus suppliers was found, with a rough working of Rs. 35 crores from AY 2005-06 to AY 2010-11. The assessee objected to the reopening, arguing it was beyond four years and that all material facts were disclosed during the original assessment, making it a case of change of opinion.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the notice for reopening assessment for AY 2005-06, issued beyond four years from the end of the assessment year, is valid under Section 147 of the Act, particularly in the absence of any failure by the assessee to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment? 2. Whether the reopening of assessment constitutes a mere change of opinion by the Assessing Officer, given that the original assessment under Section 143(3) had already considered the disclosed facts? Assessee's Contentions: - The reopening notice dated December 7, 2010, was issued beyond the four-year period from the end of AY 2005-06. As per the proviso to Section 147, reopening beyond four years requires reason to believe that income escaped assessment coupled with the assessee's failure to disclose material facts. The assessee claims no such failure occurred. - The original assessment under Section 143(3) was based on verified details. The chart annexed to the reasons for reopening for AY 2005-06 lists only two suppliers, Rahul Industries and Symphony Metalam P. Ltd., with purchases totaling Rs. 50,41,851. The assessee had provided details of all suppliers, including Symphony Metalam, during the original assessment proceedings, which involved scrutiny of purchases exceeding Rs. 10 lacs. Therefore, the reopening is based on a change of opinion without new material. Revenue's Contentions: - The reasons recorded for reopening indicate fresh information was accessed during scrutiny for AY 2008-09 and survey proceedings, revealing bogus purchase bills. This new information provided the Assessing Officer with reason to believe that income had escaped assessment. - The revenue argued that the purchases from Rahul Industries (Rs. 3.81 lacs) were not a subject of inquiry during the original assessment, thus it was not a case of change of opinion but rather the discovery of new material. The revenue also contended that the reasons, when read as a whole, indicated a failure to disclose material facts.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 148,Section 147,Section 143(3),Section 133A,Section 226

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ASN 1/15     IN THE HIGH COURT  OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO.2860 OF 2012 Nickunj Eximp Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.  Sir Joravar Bhavan.          93, Maharshi Karve Road, Marine Lines,  Mumbai 400 020. PA No.AABCN 0991K. ….Petitioner.                vs. 1) Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Range 1(2), having his office at  Room No.535, 5th floor, Aayakar Bhavan, M.K.Road, Mumbai 400 020. 2) Commissioner of Income Tax­1, having his office at Aayakar Bhavan, M.K.Road, Mumbai 400 020. ....Respondents. Mr. J.D. Mistry,Senior Advocate i/by K. Gopal along with Jitendra Singh  for the Petitioner. Mr. Suresh Kumar for the Respondent.  CORAM :      M. S. SANKLECHA AND    G.S. KULKARNI, JJ.             DATE    :    18 JUNE  2014

JUDGMENT: (Per M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) In this petition, the   challenge is to     a notice dated 7 December 2010  of the Assessing Officer issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act,1961 (“the Act”) seeking to reopen the assessment for the Assessment Year 2005­06 along with the order dated 12 June CNR No : HCBM020173752012 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 2/15 2012 of the Assessing  Officer rejecting the petitioner's objection to the reasons for issuing the impugned notice dated 7 December 2010. 2) On   31   October   2005,   the   petitioner   filed   its   return   of income   declaring   its   income   at   Rs.43.05   lacs   for   A.Y.   2005­06. Thereafter,   on   27   March   2007,   the   Assessing   Officer   passed   an assessment order   under Section 143(3) of the Act determining the petitioner's income at Rs.50.36 lacs for A.Y. 2005­06. 3) Thereafter, the impugned notice dated  7 December 2010 was   issued   under   Section   148   of   the   Act   seeking   to   reopen   the petitioner's assessment  for A.Y. 2005­06. On 11 July 2011, the reasons recorded for reopening the assessment for assessment year 2005­06 were furnished to the petitioner. The reasons recorded for reopening assessment read as under:­ “The assessee company is engaged in trading of   various   industrial   products   viz.   Crucibles, graphites, spare parts of industry equipments safety equipments,   safety   masks   etc.   The   suppliers   of trading goods  of the company both foreign as well as domestics. The clients  of the company include Indian   Ordinance   authorities,   DRDO   BARC   apart from other private corporate. During the  scrutiny  proceedings  in  the  past assessment   years   as   well   as   pending   scrutiny proceedings for assessment year 2008­09 (pending with Addl. CIT), it is noticed that certain suppliers were found as bogus and additions are made on the issue. For A.Y.2007­08 addition on GP from bogus sales   turnover   as   well   as   investment   in   bogus Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 3/15 purchase amounting to Rs.4.76 crores was made and the case is pending before CIT(A). Verification   of   the   suppliers   indicated   one party M/s. Saileela Trading P. Ltd. from which the assessee had shown purchase worth Rs.14.5 crores for A.Y. 2008­09.This supplier has been proved as bogus   biller   during   the   course   of   various searches/survey by Mumbai investigation Wing. Knowing   this   fact   as   well   as   the   status   of additions made in the past assessment years, it was decided to undertake action u/s. 133A of the I. T. Act to   find   out   further     evidences   strengthening   the bogus   purchase   transactions.   The   result   of   survey clearly   brings   out   findings   supporting   and strengthening   the   evidences   regarding   the   bogus purchase transactions done by the assessee company from year to year. A rough working of Rs.35 crores (from   A.Y.2005­06   to   A.Y.2010­11)   worth   of purchase are found to be from the parties which are non existent/bogus billers. The chart annexed shows the year wise amount of bogus transactions done by the assessee. Hence, accordingly I have reason to believe that income chargeable to tax for A.Y. 2005­ 067 has escaped assessment. Issue notice u/s. 148.” Date : 7/12/2010 ­ (S.N. Bhatia), Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax 1(2),Mumbai. The petitioner made a grievance of not receiving a chart stated to be annexed to the reasons. Therefore, on 2nd April  2012 the Assessing Officer   furnished   the petitioner with another copy of the reasons recorded along  with    a chart  annexed to  the  reasons   for Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 4/15 reopening the assessment. 3) The petitioner by its letter dated 23 April 2012 objected to the impugned notice dated 7 December 2010. The objection was on the ground that the proposed reopening of assessment for A.Y. 2005­06 was beyond the period of 4 years from the end of the assessment year in the absence of any failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose truly and fully   all   material   facts   necessary   for   assessment.   Besides,   it   was contended that as all the material was  on record  and  a subject matter of assessment under Section 143(3) of the Act, the proposed reopening of assessment was not warranted.   On 12 June 2012, the Assessing Officer   rejected   the   objections   of   the   petitioner   to   the   proposed reopening   of     assessment.   The  rejection  was   on  the  basis   that  the material had been obtained during survey proceedings and assessment proceedings for assessment year 2008­09 which indicated that for the assessment year 2005­06 bogus bills had been received to evidence purchases. So far as change of opinion is concerned it was pointed out that the issue of alleged bogus bills by the petitioner 's supplier is a new fact to which no mind had been applied earlier. Thus, it is contended that there was no change of opinion. 4) Mr.   Mistry,   learned   Senior   Counsel   appearing   for   the petitioner submits that the grievance of the petitioner to the impugned notice and the reasons  recorded both dated 7 December 2010 are as under:­ Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 5/15 a) The impugned notice dated 7 December 2012 has been issued beyond the period of 4 years from the end of the assessment year 2005­06. Such cases are covered by the  proviso to Section 147 of the Act and unless there is reason to believe that income chargeable  to tax has escaped assessment coupled with the failure on the part of an assessee to disclose   truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment,  then such  a notice would be beyond juri iction. In this case,   it is submitted that   there was no failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary   for assessment; and b) In this case the   assessment order dated 27 March 2007 was passed under Section 143(3) of the Act. All the facts were disclosed and the Assessing Officer passed the assessment order dated 27 March 2007   after   verifying   all   the   details   furnished   by   the   petitioner.   In particular,  our attention is drawn to the fact that in the chart annexed to the reasons recorded   which gives a list of alleged purchases from parties which are non existent/bogus bills  for assessment year 2005­06, they were only  two suppliers alleged   as under:­ Sr.No. Name of the Supplier Amount of Purchase a) Rahul Industries Rs.03.81,795/­ b) Symphony Metalam P. Ltd. Rs.46,60,056/­ Total:­ Rs.50,41,851/­ Out of these two, he points out that during the assessment proceedings the Assessing Officer had asked for details of purchase and sales   of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 6/15 more than Rs.10 lacs by the individual parties.   This is evident by a questionre issued by the Assessing officer     which is annexed to the affidavit in rejoinder filed by the petitioner.   In response the petitioner had   given   details   of   all   its   suppliers   including   Symphony   Metalam Private Ltd. Therefore, according to   the petitioner the same was not only a fact disclosed but also a subject matter of scrutiny at the time when the original assessment order was passed. In view of the above, it is   submitted   that   the   entire   exercise   is   only   a   change   of   opinion. Besides, it was emphasized that there was no new material which would warrant a change of opinion. 5) Mr.   Suresh   Kumar,   learned   Counsel   appearing   for   the revenue in support of the impugned order submits as under:­ a) The   reasons   recorded   for   issuing   the   impugned   notice dated 7 December 2010 clearly indicates that fresh   information was accessed     during   the   scrutiny   proceeding   for   subsequent   years   i.e. assessment year 2008­09 as well as a result of survey proceedings. The information obtained   indicated that the petitioner had only obtained bills/accommodation  entries  from   some  of  its    so   called   suppliers without having received any goods. Non disclosure of the fact that the suppliers are bogus by the petitioner during the original proceedings would lead to the conclusion that there was failure to   truly and fully disclose all material facts necessary for assessment; and b) There   was   no   change   of   opinion   on   the   part   of   the Assessing Officer in issuing notice dated 7 December 2010. This is for the reasons that when the Assessing Officer had examined the supplier's Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 7/15 list  during the assessment proceeding for assessment year 2005­06 it was on the basis that the same were genuine. Now there is information available that some of the suppliers were not genuine. This is fresh information and acting on the same cannot be said to be change of opinion. In view of the above, it  is submitted that the petition may not be entertained. 6)(a) It   is   well   settled   that   where   an   efficacious   alternative remedy is available to a petitioner, the Court would be slow to exercise its   extra   ordinary  writ   juri iction   as   a   matter   of   self   restraint.   In proceedings for reopening of assessment taken by the revenue it is open to   an   assessee   to   contend   before   the   Assessing   Officer   that   the reopening   is   not   sustainable   in   law   and   that   on   merits   also     the reassessment proceedings are not sustainable. The  orders passed by the Assessing Officer for reopening are open to  challenge along with the order passed on merits  by way of an appeal to the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), thereafter to the Tribunal and if a substantial question of law arises in that case by an appeal to the High Court. Thus, there is an efficacious alternative remedy provided under the Act. (b) However,   even where there is an   efficacious alternative remedy available under the Act, we do exercise our extra ordinary writ juri iction where initiation of proceeding  is itself without juri iction i.e. in the absence of basic juri ictional fact  being satisfied . The writ juri iction is exercised by us so as to ensure that the subject is not put to unnecessary hardship/harassment by reopening the assessment for the  earlier year   without  satisfaction  of the  preconditions  provided under Section 147 and 148 of the Act. This is for the reason that  the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 8/15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 9/15 to tax has escaped assessment would be the subjective satisfaction on examination of material before the Assessing Officer. In case there is some material for the Assessing Officer to reach a prima facie view that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment or that the conditions precedent   as   provided   under   Section­147   and   148   of   the   Act   are satisfied then  the court would not substitute its own judgment to that of the Assessing officer.   In such cases it is best to have these issues determined   in   the   first   instance   by   the   authorities   including   the appellate authorities  and if so necessary to be examined by High Court in it appellate juri iction. (c) Thus we would exercise our writ juri iction to interdict a proceeding   under   Section   148   of   the   Act   seeking   to   reopen     an assessment only when the same is clearly without juri iction and not otherwise as a matter of self restraint.  We are constrained to  reiterate the   above   long   settled   position   of   self   restraint   in   exercise   of   our extraordinary writ juri iction only because we have noticed that in a number of  cases the  petitioners   approach us in our writ juri iction as though  we are an appeal Court and it is their statutory right that  the Court must in all cases interfere with reopening of assessment.  We trust that henceforth  these filters would be  kept in mind while seeking to invoke the  writ juri iction of this Court. However, we wish to make it clear that where ever there is palpable injustice or a  notice on the face of it  is without juri iction or the proceedings leading to disposal of the objections is in  breach of natural justice, infringement of fundamental rights or where the constitutionally of statue is challenged, then even in a petition challenging a notice under Section 148 of the Act we would in appropriate cases exercise our  writ juri iction notwithstanding the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 10/15 availability of an alternative remedy. 7) Now, we shall examine the present facts. The   petitioner has contended that the impugned notice dated 7 December 2010 was beyond the period of 4 years from the end of the relevant assessment year i.e. 2005­06 and the juri ictional requirement of reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment  on account of failure of the petitioner  to disclose all material facts truly and fully at the time of the original assessment is not satisfied. 8) It was first contended by the petitioner that the escapement of tax on income must arise out of failure to disclose fully and truly all facts necessary for assessment of income.  In this case, it is submitted that all  documents including the bills received from Rahul Industries and M/s. Symphony Metalam Private Ltd. as well as other suppliers were   disclosed   by   the   assessee   during   the   original   assessment proceedings   leading   to   assessment   order   dated   27   March   2007. Therefore,  there has  been  no failure  to  disclose truly  and  fully  all material facts   necessary for assessment. The aforesaid submission on the part of the petitioner ignores the fact that it was only on account of survey proceedings under Section 133A of the Act and also during the assessment proceedings for assessment year 2008­09 that information was obtained that the certain purchases were made  from non existing/ bogus dealers. The information pertaining to assessment year 2005­06 suggested  that Rahul Industries and M/s. Symphony Metalam Private Ltd. were either non existing or engaged in issuing bogus bills. The shield under the proviso to Section 147 of the Act can come to the petitioner's aid only if there has been a full and true disclosure of all Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 11/15 facts necessary for assessment. In case there is a prima facie doubt about the truthfulness and/or completeness of the disclosure at the time of   original   assessment   in   view   of   information   obtained   later   the provisions cannot aid the petitioner at the stage of notice under Section 148 of the Act. It is likely that during the assessment proceedings the assessee may be able to satisfy the Assessing Officer that there was a true   and   full   disclosure.     Once   the   Assessing   Officer   has   received information that invoices issued by M/s. Rahul Industries are bogus then the same is necessarily to be the subject matter of enquiry during the reassessment proceedings. The information   that  bills produced were not genuine does  give rise to a reasonable belief in the mind of the   Assessing   Officer   that     income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped assessment, as recorded in the reasons  as under:­ “.........The   result   of   survey   clearly   brings   out   findings supporting and strengthening the evidences regarding bogus purchase transaction done by the assessee company for year to year. A rough working of Rs.35 crore (for A.Y. 2005­06 to A.Y. 2010­11) worth of purchases are found to be from parties which are nonexistent/bogus billers.   The   chart   annexed   shows   the   year   wise   amount   of   bogus transaction due by the assessee. Hence, accordingly I have reason to believe  that  income   chargeable  to   tax   for  A.Y.2005­06   has   escaped assessment.” As stated earlier that at the time of issuing a notice under Section 148 of the Act, it is not necessary for the Assessing Officer to conclusively  arrive  at   a  finding   that   there  has   been   escapement   of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 12/15 income. At the stage of issue of the notice the only requirement is to examine whether on the available material a reasonable person could form a reasonable view to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped   assessment.   This   satisfaction   has   necessarily     to   be   the subjective  satisfaction of the Assessing Officer and unless it is shown by the   petitioner   that   such   a   reasonable   belief     as   arrived   at   by   the Assessing Officer in the  facts of the case is just  not possible,  this Court will not stall proceedings for reassessment duly initiated. In this case, we are of the view that the satisfaction of the Assessing Officer to form a   reasonable   belief   that   income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped assessment is not unreasonable. 9) The   petitioner   next   emphasized     the   fact   that   the assessment was completed under Section 143(3) of the Act. Further, during   the   course   of   assessment   proceedings   the   petitioner   was specifically asked by the Assessing Officer to furnish the details of sales and purchase  of more than Rs.10 lacs. Consequently, the  purchases of Rs.46,61,056/­ from M/s. Symphony Metalam P. Ltd.   was a subject matter   of   examination   by   the   Assessing   Officer   during   the   original assessment proceedings. It is submitted that on the same set of facts as were in existence during assessment proceedings leading to order dated 27 March 2007 the Assessing Officer now seeks to take a view different from that taken earlier. This submission over looks the fact that so far as the purchases from Rahul Industries to the extent of Rs.3.81 lacs is concerned,  on which also reliance is placed   by the revenue  to reopen the assessment, was never a subject matter of enquiry by the Assessing Officer during the proceedings leading to  assessment order dated 27 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 13/15 March   2007. Thus,   so   far   as   purchases   from   Rahul   Industries   are concerned, there can be no occasion for change of opinion as there was no opinion formed by the Assessing officer at the time   when the original assessment order was passed. It is only during the course of survey proceedings and scrutiny proceedings for Assessment Year 2008­ 09  that information was received that the bills were not genuine. 10) under:­ “From the notes to the audited accounts, it is seen that while valuing closing stock,  Central Excise and customs duty leviable on stock lying in godown was not considered as forming part of cost of the closing stock. Although no such duty was paid during the relevant previous year, liability to pay such duty Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 14/15 arises   immediately   on   manufacture   of   excisable goods. Also, the Board's Instruction No.1389 dated March 24, 1981. provides for inclusion of Central excise and customs duty in valuation of inventory. In view of this position, I have reason to believe that income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped   assessment inasmuch   as   excise   and   customs   duty   leviable, Rs.5.85 crores has not been added to the value of the closing   stock,   while   completing   the   scrutiny assessment   under   section   143(3)   on   January   29, 1999.” It was in the above context, that   this   Court held that “The reasons recorded by the Assessing Officer nowhere state that there was a failure on the part of the assessee  to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for  the assessment    of that assessment  year”. The above observation has to be read in the light of the reasons recorded for reopening the assessment. The recording or non recording of the words “failure   on   the   part   of   the   assessee   to   disclose   fully   and   truly   all material facts necessary for assessment”  would not by itself  bestow or oust  juri iction. One would necessarily have to read the reasons as a whole to find out whether or not there has been a failure to disclose truly and fully all necessary facts for assessment. In the present case, the reasons  recorded  clearly  indicates that  scrutiny proceedings for assessment year 2008­09 and survey action taken under Section 133A of the Act has brought on record evidence indicating bogus purchase bills from various parties, one of them  being M/s. Rahul Industries for the assessment year 2005­06 as indicated in the chart annexed to the reasons   recorded.   Therefore,   in   the   facts   of   the   present   case   the impugned notice and the reasons recorded to our mind does indicate that   there   is   relevant   material   obtained   during   the   survey   and Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22

ASN 15/15 assessment proceedings for assessment year 2008­09 on the basis of which   a   reasonable   person   could   reasonably   form   the   belief     that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. 11) It is in the above circumstances, that  we do not  interfere at this stage with the impugned notice for reassessment issued under Section   148   of   the   Act.   However,  we  must   make  it   clear  that   our observations are prima facie observations and made in the context of whether or not we should exercise our writ juri iction under Article 226   of   the   Constitution   of   India.   The   petitioner   may   during   the assessment proceedings have a complete answer to the charge of bogus bills issued by Rahul Industries or others. The Assessing Officer will not in any manner be influenced by the observations made by us in this order while examining the petitioner's case on merits including the petitioner's submission that reopening proceedings are not justified in the   present     facts       during   the   reassessment   proceedings.   All contentions  are  left  open to  be  urged  by  the  petitioner  before  the Assessing Officer. 12) In view of the above, the petition is dismissed at the stage of admission. No order as to costs. (G.S. KULKARNI, J.) (M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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