NICKUNJ EXIMP ENTERPRISES PVT LTD. vs. ASST. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, RANGE 1(2) AND ANR.
What did the High Court hold?
The High Court dismissed the writ petition at the admission stage. The Court held that the reasons recorded for reopening, when read as a whole, indicated that material obtained during survey proceedings and scrutiny for AY 2008-09 provided a basis for a reasonable belief that income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment for AY 2005-06. Specifically, the Court noted that purchases from M/s. Rahul Industries, to the extent of Rs. 3.81 lacs, were not a subject of inquiry during the original assessment proceedings, meaning there was no prior opinion formed by the Assessing Officer on this specific aspect. Therefore, it could not be considered a mere change of opinion. The Court emphasized that the recording or non-recording of the exact phrase 'failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment' does not by itself confer or oust jurisdiction. The reasons must be read in their entirety to ascertain if there was a failure to disclose necessary facts. The Court made it clear that its observations were prima facie and made in the context of writ jurisdiction, leaving all contentions open to be urged by the petitioner during the reassessment proceedings before the Assessing Officer.
What were the facts?
The assessee, Nickunj Eximp Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., filed a writ petition challenging a notice dated December 7, 2010, issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, by the Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax (ACIT) to reopen the assessment for Assessment Year (AY) 2005-06. The petition also challenged the ACIT's order dated June 12, 2012, rejecting the assessee's objections to the reopening. The original assessment for AY 2005-06 was completed under Section 143(3) on March 27, 2007. The reasons for reopening, provided on July 11, 2011, and supplemented on April 2, 2012, indicated that during survey proceedings and scrutiny for AY 2008-09, evidence of bogus purchase bills from non-existent/bogus suppliers was found, with a rough working of Rs. 35 crores from AY 2005-06 to AY 2010-11. The assessee objected to the reopening, arguing it was beyond four years and that all material facts were disclosed during the original assessment, making it a case of change of opinion.
What were the issues?
1. Whether the notice for reopening assessment for AY 2005-06, issued beyond four years from the end of the assessment year, is valid under Section 147 of the Act, particularly in the absence of any failure by the assessee to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment? 2. Whether the reopening of assessment constitutes a mere change of opinion by the Assessing Officer, given that the original assessment under Section 143(3) had already considered the disclosed facts? Assessee's Contentions: - The reopening notice dated December 7, 2010, was issued beyond the four-year period from the end of AY 2005-06. As per the proviso to Section 147, reopening beyond four years requires reason to believe that income escaped assessment coupled with the assessee's failure to disclose material facts. The assessee claims no such failure occurred. - The original assessment under Section 143(3) was based on verified details. The chart annexed to the reasons for reopening for AY 2005-06 lists only two suppliers, Rahul Industries and Symphony Metalam P. Ltd., with purchases totaling Rs. 50,41,851. The assessee had provided details of all suppliers, including Symphony Metalam, during the original assessment proceedings, which involved scrutiny of purchases exceeding Rs. 10 lacs. Therefore, the reopening is based on a change of opinion without new material. Revenue's Contentions: - The reasons recorded for reopening indicate fresh information was accessed during scrutiny for AY 2008-09 and survey proceedings, revealing bogus purchase bills. This new information provided the Assessing Officer with reason to believe that income had escaped assessment. - The revenue argued that the purchases from Rahul Industries (Rs. 3.81 lacs) were not a subject of inquiry during the original assessment, thus it was not a case of change of opinion but rather the discovery of new material. The revenue also contended that the reasons, when read as a whole, indicated a failure to disclose material facts.
Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?
Section 148,Section 147,Section 143(3),Section 133A,Section 226
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Cited by 5 judgments on BharatTax
See all citing judgments →Counted from the text of the judgments hosted here. Most recent first.
- DCIT, Circle-2(2), New Delhi v. Anant Raj Ltd., New DelhiDelhi · 2020-11-27
- DCIT, Circle-2(2), New Delhi v. Anant Raj Ltd., New DelhiDelhi · 2020-11-27
- Anant Raj Ltd., New Delhi v. DCIT, Circle-2(2), New DelhiDelhi · 2020-11-27
- Sterling Jewels Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai v. ACIT 5(3)(2), MumbaiMumbai · 2019-10-03
- Tanaya Gems & Jewellery Exports Ltd, Mumbai v. DCIT 5(3)(2), MumbaiMumbai · 2019-06-24
Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
JUDGMENT: (Per M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) In this petition, the challenge is to a notice dated 7 December 2010 of the Assessing Officer issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act,1961 (“the Act”) seeking to reopen the assessment for the Assessment Year 200506 along with the order dated 12 June CNR No : HCBM020173752012 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 2/15 2012 of the Assessing Officer rejecting the petitioner's objection to the reasons for issuing the impugned notice dated 7 December 2010. 2) On 31 October 2005, the petitioner filed its return of income declaring its income at Rs.43.05 lacs for A.Y. 200506. Thereafter, on 27 March 2007, the Assessing Officer passed an assessment order under Section 143(3) of the Act determining the petitioner's income at Rs.50.36 lacs for A.Y. 200506. 3) Thereafter, the impugned notice dated 7 December 2010 was issued under Section 148 of the Act seeking to reopen the petitioner's assessment for A.Y. 200506. On 11 July 2011, the reasons recorded for reopening the assessment for assessment year 200506 were furnished to the petitioner. The reasons recorded for reopening assessment read as under: “The assessee company is engaged in trading of various industrial products viz. Crucibles, graphites, spare parts of industry equipments safety equipments, safety masks etc. The suppliers of trading goods of the company both foreign as well as domestics. The clients of the company include Indian Ordinance authorities, DRDO BARC apart from other private corporate. During the scrutiny proceedings in the past assessment years as well as pending scrutiny proceedings for assessment year 200809 (pending with Addl. CIT), it is noticed that certain suppliers were found as bogus and additions are made on the issue. For A.Y.200708 addition on GP from bogus sales turnover as well as investment in bogus Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 3/15 purchase amounting to Rs.4.76 crores was made and the case is pending before CIT(A). Verification of the suppliers indicated one party M/s. Saileela Trading P. Ltd. from which the assessee had shown purchase worth Rs.14.5 crores for A.Y. 200809.This supplier has been proved as bogus biller during the course of various searches/survey by Mumbai investigation Wing. Knowing this fact as well as the status of additions made in the past assessment years, it was decided to undertake action u/s. 133A of the I. T. Act to find out further evidences strengthening the bogus purchase transactions. The result of survey clearly brings out findings supporting and strengthening the evidences regarding the bogus purchase transactions done by the assessee company from year to year. A rough working of Rs.35 crores (from A.Y.200506 to A.Y.201011) worth of purchase are found to be from the parties which are non existent/bogus billers. The chart annexed shows the year wise amount of bogus transactions done by the assessee. Hence, accordingly I have reason to believe that income chargeable to tax for A.Y. 2005 067 has escaped assessment. Issue notice u/s. 148.” Date : 7/12/2010 (S.N. Bhatia), Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax 1(2),Mumbai. The petitioner made a grievance of not receiving a chart stated to be annexed to the reasons. Therefore, on 2nd April 2012 the Assessing Officer furnished the petitioner with another copy of the reasons recorded along with a chart annexed to the reasons for Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 4/15 reopening the assessment. 3) The petitioner by its letter dated 23 April 2012 objected to the impugned notice dated 7 December 2010. The objection was on the ground that the proposed reopening of assessment for A.Y. 200506 was beyond the period of 4 years from the end of the assessment year in the absence of any failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment. Besides, it was contended that as all the material was on record and a subject matter of assessment under Section 143(3) of the Act, the proposed reopening of assessment was not warranted. On 12 June 2012, the Assessing Officer rejected the objections of the petitioner to the proposed reopening of assessment. The rejection was on the basis that the material had been obtained during survey proceedings and assessment proceedings for assessment year 200809 which indicated that for the assessment year 200506 bogus bills had been received to evidence purchases. So far as change of opinion is concerned it was pointed out that the issue of alleged bogus bills by the petitioner 's supplier is a new fact to which no mind had been applied earlier. Thus, it is contended that there was no change of opinion. 4) Mr. Mistry, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the petitioner submits that the grievance of the petitioner to the impugned notice and the reasons recorded both dated 7 December 2010 are as under: Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 5/15 a) The impugned notice dated 7 December 2012 has been issued beyond the period of 4 years from the end of the assessment year 200506. Such cases are covered by the proviso to Section 147 of the Act and unless there is reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment coupled with the failure on the part of an assessee to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment, then such a notice would be beyond juri iction. In this case, it is submitted that there was no failure on the part of the petitioner to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment; and b) In this case the assessment order dated 27 March 2007 was passed under Section 143(3) of the Act. All the facts were disclosed and the Assessing Officer passed the assessment order dated 27 March 2007 after verifying all the details furnished by the petitioner. In particular, our attention is drawn to the fact that in the chart annexed to the reasons recorded which gives a list of alleged purchases from parties which are non existent/bogus bills for assessment year 200506, they were only two suppliers alleged as under: Sr.No. Name of the Supplier Amount of Purchase a) Rahul Industries Rs.03.81,795/ b) Symphony Metalam P. Ltd. Rs.46,60,056/ Total: Rs.50,41,851/ Out of these two, he points out that during the assessment proceedings the Assessing Officer had asked for details of purchase and sales of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 6/15 more than Rs.10 lacs by the individual parties. This is evident by a questionre issued by the Assessing officer which is annexed to the affidavit in rejoinder filed by the petitioner. In response the petitioner had given details of all its suppliers including Symphony Metalam Private Ltd. Therefore, according to the petitioner the same was not only a fact disclosed but also a subject matter of scrutiny at the time when the original assessment order was passed. In view of the above, it is submitted that the entire exercise is only a change of opinion. Besides, it was emphasized that there was no new material which would warrant a change of opinion. 5) Mr. Suresh Kumar, learned Counsel appearing for the revenue in support of the impugned order submits as under: a) The reasons recorded for issuing the impugned notice dated 7 December 2010 clearly indicates that fresh information was accessed during the scrutiny proceeding for subsequent years i.e. assessment year 200809 as well as a result of survey proceedings. The information obtained indicated that the petitioner had only obtained bills/accommodation entries from some of its so called suppliers without having received any goods. Non disclosure of the fact that the suppliers are bogus by the petitioner during the original proceedings would lead to the conclusion that there was failure to truly and fully disclose all material facts necessary for assessment; and b) There was no change of opinion on the part of the Assessing Officer in issuing notice dated 7 December 2010. This is for the reasons that when the Assessing Officer had examined the supplier's Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 7/15 list during the assessment proceeding for assessment year 200506 it was on the basis that the same were genuine. Now there is information available that some of the suppliers were not genuine. This is fresh information and acting on the same cannot be said to be change of opinion. In view of the above, it is submitted that the petition may not be entertained. 6)(a) It is well settled that where an efficacious alternative remedy is available to a petitioner, the Court would be slow to exercise its extra ordinary writ juri iction as a matter of self restraint. In proceedings for reopening of assessment taken by the revenue it is open to an assessee to contend before the Assessing Officer that the reopening is not sustainable in law and that on merits also the reassessment proceedings are not sustainable. The orders passed by the Assessing Officer for reopening are open to challenge along with the order passed on merits by way of an appeal to the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), thereafter to the Tribunal and if a substantial question of law arises in that case by an appeal to the High Court. Thus, there is an efficacious alternative remedy provided under the Act. (b) However, even where there is an efficacious alternative remedy available under the Act, we do exercise our extra ordinary writ juri iction where initiation of proceeding is itself without juri iction i.e. in the absence of basic juri ictional fact being satisfied . The writ juri iction is exercised by us so as to ensure that the subject is not put to unnecessary hardship/harassment by reopening the assessment for the earlier year without satisfaction of the preconditions provided under Section 147 and 148 of the Act. This is for the reason that the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 8/15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 9/15 to tax has escaped assessment would be the subjective satisfaction on examination of material before the Assessing Officer. In case there is some material for the Assessing Officer to reach a prima facie view that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment or that the conditions precedent as provided under Section147 and 148 of the Act are satisfied then the court would not substitute its own judgment to that of the Assessing officer. In such cases it is best to have these issues determined in the first instance by the authorities including the appellate authorities and if so necessary to be examined by High Court in it appellate juri iction. (c) Thus we would exercise our writ juri iction to interdict a proceeding under Section 148 of the Act seeking to reopen an assessment only when the same is clearly without juri iction and not otherwise as a matter of self restraint. We are constrained to reiterate the above long settled position of self restraint in exercise of our extraordinary writ juri iction only because we have noticed that in a number of cases the petitioners approach us in our writ juri iction as though we are an appeal Court and it is their statutory right that the Court must in all cases interfere with reopening of assessment. We trust that henceforth these filters would be kept in mind while seeking to invoke the writ juri iction of this Court. However, we wish to make it clear that where ever there is palpable injustice or a notice on the face of it is without juri iction or the proceedings leading to disposal of the objections is in breach of natural justice, infringement of fundamental rights or where the constitutionally of statue is challenged, then even in a petition challenging a notice under Section 148 of the Act we would in appropriate cases exercise our writ juri iction notwithstanding the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 10/15 availability of an alternative remedy. 7) Now, we shall examine the present facts. The petitioner has contended that the impugned notice dated 7 December 2010 was beyond the period of 4 years from the end of the relevant assessment year i.e. 200506 and the juri ictional requirement of reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment on account of failure of the petitioner to disclose all material facts truly and fully at the time of the original assessment is not satisfied. 8) It was first contended by the petitioner that the escapement of tax on income must arise out of failure to disclose fully and truly all facts necessary for assessment of income. In this case, it is submitted that all documents including the bills received from Rahul Industries and M/s. Symphony Metalam Private Ltd. as well as other suppliers were disclosed by the assessee during the original assessment proceedings leading to assessment order dated 27 March 2007. Therefore, there has been no failure to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment. The aforesaid submission on the part of the petitioner ignores the fact that it was only on account of survey proceedings under Section 133A of the Act and also during the assessment proceedings for assessment year 200809 that information was obtained that the certain purchases were made from non existing/ bogus dealers. The information pertaining to assessment year 200506 suggested that Rahul Industries and M/s. Symphony Metalam Private Ltd. were either non existing or engaged in issuing bogus bills. The shield under the proviso to Section 147 of the Act can come to the petitioner's aid only if there has been a full and true disclosure of all Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 11/15 facts necessary for assessment. In case there is a prima facie doubt about the truthfulness and/or completeness of the disclosure at the time of original assessment in view of information obtained later the provisions cannot aid the petitioner at the stage of notice under Section 148 of the Act. It is likely that during the assessment proceedings the assessee may be able to satisfy the Assessing Officer that there was a true and full disclosure. Once the Assessing Officer has received information that invoices issued by M/s. Rahul Industries are bogus then the same is necessarily to be the subject matter of enquiry during the reassessment proceedings. The information that bills produced were not genuine does give rise to a reasonable belief in the mind of the Assessing Officer that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment, as recorded in the reasons as under: “.........The result of survey clearly brings out findings supporting and strengthening the evidences regarding bogus purchase transaction done by the assessee company for year to year. A rough working of Rs.35 crore (for A.Y. 200506 to A.Y. 201011) worth of purchases are found to be from parties which are nonexistent/bogus billers. The chart annexed shows the year wise amount of bogus transaction due by the assessee. Hence, accordingly I have reason to believe that income chargeable to tax for A.Y.200506 has escaped assessment.” As stated earlier that at the time of issuing a notice under Section 148 of the Act, it is not necessary for the Assessing Officer to conclusively arrive at a finding that there has been escapement of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 12/15 income. At the stage of issue of the notice the only requirement is to examine whether on the available material a reasonable person could form a reasonable view to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. This satisfaction has necessarily to be the subjective satisfaction of the Assessing Officer and unless it is shown by the petitioner that such a reasonable belief as arrived at by the Assessing Officer in the facts of the case is just not possible, this Court will not stall proceedings for reassessment duly initiated. In this case, we are of the view that the satisfaction of the Assessing Officer to form a reasonable belief that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment is not unreasonable. 9) The petitioner next emphasized the fact that the assessment was completed under Section 143(3) of the Act. Further, during the course of assessment proceedings the petitioner was specifically asked by the Assessing Officer to furnish the details of sales and purchase of more than Rs.10 lacs. Consequently, the purchases of Rs.46,61,056/ from M/s. Symphony Metalam P. Ltd. was a subject matter of examination by the Assessing Officer during the original assessment proceedings. It is submitted that on the same set of facts as were in existence during assessment proceedings leading to order dated 27 March 2007 the Assessing Officer now seeks to take a view different from that taken earlier. This submission over looks the fact that so far as the purchases from Rahul Industries to the extent of Rs.3.81 lacs is concerned, on which also reliance is placed by the revenue to reopen the assessment, was never a subject matter of enquiry by the Assessing Officer during the proceedings leading to assessment order dated 27 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 13/15 March 2007. Thus, so far as purchases from Rahul Industries are concerned, there can be no occasion for change of opinion as there was no opinion formed by the Assessing officer at the time when the original assessment order was passed. It is only during the course of survey proceedings and scrutiny proceedings for Assessment Year 2008 09 that information was received that the bills were not genuine. 10) under: “From the notes to the audited accounts, it is seen that while valuing closing stock, Central Excise and customs duty leviable on stock lying in godown was not considered as forming part of cost of the closing stock. Although no such duty was paid during the relevant previous year, liability to pay such duty Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 14/15 arises immediately on manufacture of excisable goods. Also, the Board's Instruction No.1389 dated March 24, 1981. provides for inclusion of Central excise and customs duty in valuation of inventory. In view of this position, I have reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment inasmuch as excise and customs duty leviable, Rs.5.85 crores has not been added to the value of the closing stock, while completing the scrutiny assessment under section 143(3) on January 29, 1999.” It was in the above context, that this Court held that “The reasons recorded by the Assessing Officer nowhere state that there was a failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for the assessment of that assessment year”. The above observation has to be read in the light of the reasons recorded for reopening the assessment. The recording or non recording of the words “failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment” would not by itself bestow or oust juri iction. One would necessarily have to read the reasons as a whole to find out whether or not there has been a failure to disclose truly and fully all necessary facts for assessment. In the present case, the reasons recorded clearly indicates that scrutiny proceedings for assessment year 200809 and survey action taken under Section 133A of the Act has brought on record evidence indicating bogus purchase bills from various parties, one of them being M/s. Rahul Industries for the assessment year 200506 as indicated in the chart annexed to the reasons recorded. Therefore, in the facts of the present case the impugned notice and the reasons recorded to our mind does indicate that there is relevant material obtained during the survey and Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22
ASN 15/15 assessment proceedings for assessment year 200809 on the basis of which a reasonable person could reasonably form the belief that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. 11) It is in the above circumstances, that we do not interfere at this stage with the impugned notice for reassessment issued under Section 148 of the Act. However, we must make it clear that our observations are prima facie observations and made in the context of whether or not we should exercise our writ juri iction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. The petitioner may during the assessment proceedings have a complete answer to the charge of bogus bills issued by Rahul Industries or others. The Assessing Officer will not in any manner be influenced by the observations made by us in this order while examining the petitioner's case on merits including the petitioner's submission that reopening proceedings are not justified in the present facts during the reassessment proceedings. All contentions are left open to be urged by the petitioner before the Assessing Officer. 12) In view of the above, the petition is dismissed at the stage of admission. No order as to costs. (G.S. KULKARNI, J.) (M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:22 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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