ARONI COMMERCIALS LTD MUMBAI vs. THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX 2(1) AND ORS

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WP/137/2014HC Bombay11 February 2014Author: HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA23 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the writ petition was maintainable. It found that the Assessing Officer (AO) had acted with undue haste in passing the assessment order dated December 19, 2013, despite being aware of the petitioner's intention to challenge the reopening proceedings and the pendency of a similar matter before the Court. The Court rejected the revenue's submission that the AO was unaware of the Asian Paints decision, stating that all authorities within the Court's jurisdiction are bound by its pronouncements. The Court found that the AO's actions appeared to be an attempt to overreach the Court and present a fait accompli. Consequently, the assessment order dated December 19, 2013, was set aside. Regarding the reopening itself, the Court held that the notice dated March 28, 2013, and the order dated November 20, 2013, were unsustainable. The Court reasoned that the grounds for reopening were based on a change of opinion, not on tangible material. The internal audit report was an opinion, not factual material. The grounds for rejecting objections were factually incorrect. Moreover, the consistent treatment of similar transactions as capital gains in previous assessment years by the revenue indicated an absence of a reasonable belief that income had escaped assessment. The Court relied on the principle of consistency in tax treatment when facts are identical year to year, as laid down in Gopal Purohit (supra). Therefore, the notice and the order rejecting objections were set aside.

What were the facts?

The petitioner, Aroni Commercials Limited, filed a writ petition challenging a notice dated March 28, 2013, under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, to reopen assessment for AY 2008-09. They also challenged the order dated November 20, 2013, rejecting their objections to the reopening, and the assessment order dated December 19, 2013, passed under Section 143(3) read with Section 147. The revenue raised a preliminary objection that an appeal under the Act was the appropriate remedy, as an assessment order had been passed. The petitioner argued that the Assessing Officer (AO) acted in haste and in defiance of the Bombay High Court's decision in Asian Paints Limited vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income-Tax, which mandates a four-week period after rejecting objections before proceeding with reassessment.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the writ petition is maintainable despite the passing of an assessment order, given the alleged haste and defiance of judicial precedent by the Assessing Officer? 2. Whether the notice dated March 28, 2013, under Section 148 of the Act for reopening assessment for AY 2008-09 is valid? 3. Whether the order dated November 20, 2013, rejecting the petitioner's objections to the reopening of assessment for AY 2008-09 is sustainable? Assessee's contentions: The AO passed the assessment order in undue haste, disregarding the Bombay High Court's ruling in Asian Paints Limited vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income-Tax (2008) 296 ITR 90 (Bom), which mandates a four-week waiting period after rejecting objections. The petitioner had informed the revenue about the pending challenge to the reopening. The grounds for reopening were based on a change of opinion and not on any tangible material. The internal audit report was merely an opinion and not tangible material. Furthermore, the grounds for rejecting objections were factually incorrect, and the revenue had consistently treated similar transactions as capital gains in earlier years, indicating a lack of reasonable belief that income had escaped assessment. Revenue's contentions: The revenue argued that the writ petition should be dismissed on the ground of an alternative remedy, as an assessment order had been passed. They also contended that the decision in Asian Paints (supra) was not brought to the notice of the AO.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 148,Section 143(3),Section 147

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ASN 1/23 WP-137-14 .sxw IN THE HIGH COURT  OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL   JURI ICTION WRIT PETITION NO.137 OF 2014 Aroni Commercials Limited ] incorporated under the Companies Act, ] 1956 and having its Registered Office at ] 209­210, 2nd floor, Arcadia Building, 195, ] Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021. ] ...Petitioner. vs.

1.

The Dy. Commissioner of Income ] Tax­2(1), Room No.561, Aaykar ] Bhavan, M.K. Marg, Mumbai­20. ]

2.

The Union of India, ] through the Secretary, ] Department of Revenue, ] Ministry of Finance, North Block ] New Delhi­110 001. ] ...Respondents. Mr. Percy Pardiwala, Senior Advocate along with Mr. Atul K. Jasani for the Petitioner. Mr. P.C.Chhotaray for the Respondents. CORAM :    MOHIT S. SHAH, C.J. AND

M.S. SANKLECHA, J. RESERVED ON        :   23  JANUARY  2014 PRONOUNCED ON :    11 FEBRUARY 2014 JUDGMENT (PER M.S. SANKLECHA, J.):­ Rule, returnable forthwith. By consent of the parties the petition is taken up for final disposal. CNR No : HCBM020255512013 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 2/23 WP-137-14 .sxw 2) By this petition under Article 226  of the Constitution of India, the petitioner   challenges  the following:­ a) A notice dated 28 March 2013 under Section 148   of   the   Income   Tax   Act,   1961   (“the   Act”) seeking to reopen  assessment for the Assessment Year (“A.Y”.) 2008­09; b) The order dated 20 November 2013 passed by   respondent   No.1­Deputy   Commissioner   of Income   Tax   (“Assessing   officer”)   rejecting   the petitioner's objection to reopening of assessment for A. Y. 2008­09; c) The   assessment   order   dated   19   December 2013 passed by the Assessing Officer under Section 143(3) read with Section 147 of the Act  for A. Y. 2008­09. 3) At the very outset, Mr. Chhotaray, learned Counsel for the   respondent­revenue   raises   a   preliminary   objection   to   the petition viz. that as an Assessment Order dated 19 December 2013 has already been passed, the issue of challenge to re­opening of assessment could be challenged by filing an appeal under the Act. Therefore, on this short ground alone, the petition be dismissed. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 3/23 WP-137-14 .sxw 4) As   against   the   above,   Mr.   Percy   Pardiwala,   learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submits that the sequence of events in this case warrants this petition being entertained.  It was by   order   dated   20   November   2013   that   the   Assessing   Officer rejected the petitioner' objection to re­opening of assessment for A. Y. 2008­09 by notice dated 28 March 20103. This Court in Asian proceeding   for   A.Y.   2008­09   in   this   Court.   Moreover,   on   18 December   2013   the   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   had   been informed that the   challenge to   the order dated 20 November 2013  is posted for admission on 23 December 2013 in this Court. Inspite   of   the   above,   the   Assessing   officer   has   passed   the assessment order dated 19 December 2013. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 4/23 WP-137-14 .sxw 5) Mr. Chhotaray, the learned Counsel for the revenue on being confronted with the decision of this Court in Asian Paints (supra) submits that the aforesaid decision was not brought to the notice of the Assessing Officer. Therefore, not being aware of the decision of  Asian Paints (supra)  the Assessing Officer proceeded further in taking up the reassessment even though the period of four weeks from the date of  the order dated  20 November 2013 over ruling the petitioner's objection had not expired. At this stage, we   asked   Mr.   Chhotaray   whether   the   Assessing   Officer   would withdraw his assessment order dated 19 December 2013 in view of the decision of Asian Paints  (supra) being brought to his notice. However,     Mr. Chhotaray   expressed inability   to withdraw the assessment order dated 19 December 2013. 6) It is axiomatic that the law declared by this Court is binding on all authorities functioning within the juri iction of this Court.  It is not open to the Assessing Officer to feign ignorance of the law declared by this Court and pass orders in defiance of the law laid down by this Court. We do not accept this submission made on behalf of the revenue that the Assessing Officer was not aware of the decision of this Court in Asian Paints (supra).  On the contrary, it appears that the order dated 19 December 2013 was passed only to make the entire proceeding pending before this Court redundant and to present the Court with a fait accompli. This   is   particularly so as the petitioner had on 18 December Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 5/23 WP-137-14 .sxw 2013   informed   the   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   that   a   writ petition has been filed challenging the order dated 20 November 2013 in respect of  A. Y. 2008­09 and is posted for admission on 23 December 2013. It is averred in the   petition that the Assessing Officer  was informed at the hearing held on  10 December 2013, that it is preparing a petition to challenge the re­opening for A. Y. 2008­09 on identical grounds as done in  earlier Assessment Year namely  A.   Y.  2007­08   which  is  pending  in   this  Court   and ad interim relief has also been granted, restraining the revenue from proceeding with the assessment for A. Y. 2007­08. The passing of an order on 19 December 2013 by the Assessing Officer in undue haste and thereafter contending that in view of alternative remedy, the writ petition should not be entertained,   does not   appear bonafide.   This undue haste in passing the impugned order dated 19 December 2013 is  an attempt to  overreach the Court and to thwart the petitioner's challenge to the impugned order dated 20 November 2013 pending before this Court. 7) In  the above  circumstances,  we  set  aside  the  order dated 19 December 2013 passed by the Assessing Officer under Section 143(3) read with Section 147 of the Act for A. Y. 2008­09. 8) We shall now deal with the petitioner's challenge to re­ opening of assessment for A. Y. 2008­09 by impugned   notice dated 28 March 2013 and impugned order dated 20 November Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 6/23 WP-137-14 .sxw 2013 rejecting the petitioner's objection to its   re­opening. Facts relevant to the above challenge are as under:­ a) On 30 September 2008, the petitioner  filed its return of income for A. Y. 2008­09. In its computation of income the petitioner has disclosed income from business and profession at Rs.28.71 lacs besides disclosing short term capital gains at Rs.3.68 crores and long term capital gain at Rs.3.71 crores. b) Thereafter, on 17 August 2009, a notice under Section 143(2) of the Act was issued to the petitioner calling upon the petitioner to attend the office of the Assessing Officer and produce the   copies   of     the   balance   sheet,   Profit   and   Loss   Account, Computation of income and Audit report. On 27 August 2009, the petitioner filed particulars asked for and attended the hearing with the Assessing Officer on 28 August 2009. c) During   the   course   of   the   assessment   proceedings, certain details were sought for from the petitioner particularly a note on the nature of its activities.  By its letter dated 9 July 2010 the petitioner  pointed  out that it was engaged in the business of financing, trading and investment in shares and securities. d) In response to a query made by the Assessing Officer during   the   hearing   in   course   of   assessment   proceedings,   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 7/23 WP-137-14 .sxw petitioner by communication dated 8 September 2010 explained in detail as to why its profit on sale of investments should  be taxed as capital gain and not as profits and gains of business. In support reliance was  placed upon the   CBDT Circular No.4/2007 dated 15 June   2007   wherein   parameters   have   been   laid   down   for   the purpose of making a distinction between shares held as investment and shares held as stock in trade.   Further by communication dated   13   September   2010,   the   petitioner   furnished   sample contract notes, Demat Accounts and shareholding pattern of the companies to whom loans were advanced. e) The   Assessing   Officer   was   satisfied   with   the explanation offered by the petitioner with regard to its claim that purchase/sale  of shares offered to tax under the head capital gain was a result of   investment activity resulting in  assessment order dated 12 October 2010 for A. Y.  2008­09. By the above assessment order  the income was   determined at Rs.4.15 crores under the normal provisions of the Act and at Rs.7.82 crores under Section 115JB of the Act.   In fact, the assessment order also disallowed certain expenses under Section 14A of the Act incurred  in respect of the   exempted income viz. long term capital gains as well as dividend income. f) On 28 March 2013 the Assessing officer issued a notice under Section 148 of the Act to the petitioner seeking to reopen Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 8/23 WP-137-14 .sxw the assessment  for A.Y. 2008­09 for the purposes of reassessment. On receipt of the notice, the petitioner sought the reasons for the re­opening of the assessment for A.Y. 2008­09. In response the Assessing   Officer   communicated   the   following   reasons   for reopening the assessment:­ “It   is   observed   that   the   assessee   is   only engaged   in   the   business   of   share   trading   and regularly doing purchase and sale of shares. The assessee has manipulated the affairs in such a way that where scrip has been sold within twelve months, it is claimed as short term capital gains and taxed at a lower rate by applying section 111A.As   assessee   is   engaged   in   share   trading activity   only,   all   income/receipts   should   be treated as business income including short terms capital   gain.   Reliance   is   also   placed   on   the Board's Circular No.4 dated 15 June 2007. In   view   of   the   above,   I   have   reason   to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment   for   A.Y.   2008­09   by   reason   of   the failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly the income under the correct head and all material facts necessary for the assessment of income, resulting in the income being assessed at low   rate/claimed   exempt.   Accordingly,   the assessment for A.Y. 2008­09 is re­opened by issue of notice u./s. 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961.” g) On 19 November 2013, the petitioner filed its objection to the reasons for  reopening of the assessment for A.Y. 2008­09. In particular, it was stated that the notice for re­opening was received Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 9/23 WP-137-14 .sxw by the petitioner only on 17 September 2013.Therefore, the notice was beyond  4 years from the end of the relevant assessment year. It was also pointed out that the very  issue  viz. of assessing gains arising from sale/ purchase of shares was assessable as capital gain or business profit had been examined by the Assessing Officer during   the   course   of   assessment.   This   was   evident   from   the petitioner's letter dated 8 September 2010  to the Assessing Officer during the assessment  proceeding leading to the assessment order dated 12 October 2010. In view of the above, it was submitted that the  re­opening is only on the basis of change of opinion as there is no fresh tangible material which would warrant reopening   of concluded assessment even within a period of 4 years from the end of the relevant assessment year. h) On 20 November 2013, the Assessing officer passed an order (received by petitioner on 22 November 2013) titled “order removing objections” holding that reopening of the assessments by notice dated 28 March 2013 was valid.   The order dated 20 November 2013 holds that 're­opening is not due to any change of opinion but on clear observation that the assessee did not carry out any business activity other than Share Trading'. Further no details regarding computation of short term capital gain or sample copies of the purchase/sale note were furnished during the assessment proceeding.   In   the   circumstances,   according   to   the   Assessing Officer reopening of the assessment was valid and justified. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 10/23 WP-137-14 .sxw 9) Mr. Percy Pardiwala, learned Senior Counsel in support of the petition submits as under: a) The   impugned   order   dated   20   November   2013, rejecting the petitioner's objection to notice  dated  28 March 2013 under Section 148 of the Act is unsustainable.   This is for the reason that reopening is being done on mere change of opinion which   does   not   constitute   a   reason   to   believe   that   income chargeable  to tax has escaped assessment.  The very basis of the reasons for re­opening viz. the gains arising from purchase and sale of shares is taxable as business income and not as capital gain was   examined   during   the   course   of   assessment   proceedings, leading to  the assessment order dated 12 October 2010. This is evident from the petitioner's letter dated 8 September 2010 during Assessment proceedings. Thus, this notice for re­opening is only on account of change of opinion i.e.  a different interpretation/view of facts which were  already examined in the original proceedings leading to order dated 12 October 2010. b) The   impugned   order   dated   20   November   2013 rejecting the petitioner's objections to re­opening the assessment proceeds on a   factually incorrect basis i.e. no sample copy of purchase/sale   note   or   Demat   statement   was   furnished   by   the assessee during the course of assessment proceeding. This, in spite Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 11/23 WP-137-14 .sxw of the fact that the petitioner by its    letter dated 13 September 2010 had furnished copies  of its De­mat Account  as well as sale/ purchase note during the proceeding leading to the assessment order dated 12 October 2013; and c) The Assessing Officer completely ignored the fact that in assessment  proceedings  for  earlier years i.e A.Y. 2005­06 and 2006­07 and even in the subsequent A.Y. 2009­10, the petitioner has been treated as investor in shares and not as trader in shares. In fact, attention was drawn to order dated 25 November 2011 for A. Y. 2009­10 where the  petitioner had claimed  a loss on short term capital account, it was not set off against business income. In fact, if the revenue had applied the same test  which it now seeks to apply i.e. profit/loss on sale of shares is on account of business then a set off would be permissible   of the capital loss against business   profits   and   no   tax   would   be   payable.   In   the   above circumstances, it was submitted that purchase/sale of shares as investments was to be taxed under the head 'capital gain' alone  on the principle of consistency as held by this Court in CIT v/s. Gopal Purohit (2011) 336 ITR 287. 10) As against the above, Mr. Chhotaray, learned Counsel appearing for the respondent­revenue in support of the impugned notice dated 28 March 2013 and the impugned order dated 19 November 2013 submits as under:­ Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 12/23 WP-137-14 .sxw a) The issue whether income received on account of sale of shares is chargeable to tax as business income or not was not a subject matter of consideration during the assessment proceedings leading to the order dated 12 October 2010 in respect of A.Y. 2008­09. This is evident from the fact that the assessment order dated 12 October 2010 does not even advert to this issue.  In the circumstances, as this issue is being considered for the first time, no question of change of opinion on the part of the Assessing Officer   can   arise.     It   was   submitted  that     during   the   original assessment proceedings leading to order dated 12 October 2010, no opinion has been formed on this issue by the Assessing Officer; b) The entire exercise for reopening assessment for A.Y. 2008­09   was   on   the   basis   of   the   audit   objections   dated   29 September 2011 received by Assessing officer   from the Internal Audit Wing of the respondent.  A copy of the Audit report dated 29 September 2011 was handed across the bar. It was submitted that this   audit   report   has   pointed   out   that   the   petitioner   had manipulated its account in such a manner that the regular business of   the   assessee   of   trading   in   shares   was   hidden   resulting   in business income  of trading  in shares being taxed as capital gain arising out of investment.   It was on the basis of the aforesaid material   received   from   the   audit   that   notice   to   reopen   the assessment for assessment year 2008­09 was issued. This was the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 13/23 WP-137-14 .sxw tangible material before the Assessing Officer which warranted reopening the assessment for assessment year 2008­09 even if it is assumed that all facts were available to   the Assessing Officer during the assessment proceedings leading to Assessment Order dated 12 October 2010; and c) Merely because the petitioner's claim for being charged to tax under the head 'capital gain' instead of the head “Profits and gains of  business or profession had been accepted for earlier and subsequent years by the revenue   it would not follow that for assessment year 2008­09 under consideration,  the same has to be blindly   accepted.   It   is   submitted   that   each   assessment   year   is separate   assessment   year.   Therefore,   in   the   present   facts   the Assessing Officer has reasonable belief that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment and on the basis of the such belief is entitled to re­open the Assessment. 11) In   this   case   we   are   dealing   with   the   reopening   of assessment   completed   by   order   dated   12   October   2010   under Section 143(3) of the Act. The law with regard to reopening of assessment is fairly settled by decisions of Courts. The power of the Assessing Officers under Sections 147 and 148 of the Act  to reopen an assessment is classified into two :­ (a) Reopening of assessment within a period of 4 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 14/23 WP-137-14 .sxw ITR 561   in the context of   Sections 147/148 of the Act     that reason to believe found therein does not give arbitrary powers to reopen   an   assessment.   The   concept   of   change   of   opinion   is excluded/omitted   from   the   words   reason   to   believe.     Thus   a change of opinion would not be reason to believe that income Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 15/23 WP-137-14 .sxw chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. Besides the power to reassess is not a power to review. Further  reopening must be on the basis of tangible material. 12)

Therefore the  power to reassess cannot  be exercised on the basis of mere change of opinion i.e. if all facts are available on record and a particular opinion is formed,  then merely because there is change of opinion on the part of the Assessing Officer notice under Section 147/148 of the Act is not permissible. The powers under Section­147/148  of the Act cannot be exercised to correct errors/mistakes on the part of the Assessing Officer while passing   the   original   order   of   assessment.   There   is   a   sanctity bestowed   on   an   order   of   assessment   and   the   same   can   be disturbed by exercise of powers under Sections 147/148 of the Act only on satisfaction of the juri ictional requirements.     Further, the   reasons   for   reopening   an   assessment   has   to   be tested/examined only on the basis of the reasons recorded at the time of issuing a notice under Section 148 of the Act seeking to reopen an assessment. These reasons cannot be improved upon and/or supplemented much less substituted by affidavit and /or oral     submissions.   Moreover,   the   reasons   for   reopening   an assessment should be that of the Assessing Officer alone  who   is issuing the notice and he cannot act merely on the dictates of any another   person   in   issuing   the   notice.   Moreover,   the   tangible material upon the basis of which the Assessing Officer comes to the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 16/23 WP-137-14 .sxw reason   to   believe   that   income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped assessment can come to him from any source,  however, reasons for the reopening has to be only of the Assessing Officer issuing the notice. At the stage of issuing notice under Section 148 of the Act to reopen a concluded assessment the satisfaction of the Assessing Officer   issuing   the   notice   is   of   primary   importance.   This satisfaction must be  prima facie satisfaction of having    a reason to believe that  income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. At the stage of the issuing of the notice under Section 148 of the Act  it is not necessary for the Assessing officer to establish beyond doubt  that income   indeed has escaped assessment. 13) Keeping in view the above broad parameters of the juri iction   of   the   Assessing   Officer   to   reopen     assessments completed under Section 143(3) of the Act, the impugned notice and   order     have     to   be   examined.     Counsel   for   the   parties proceeded on the basis that the impugned notice dated 28 March 2013 seeking to reopen the assessment for   A.Y. 2008­09 was a notice within a period of four years from the end of the relevant assessment year. Therefore, in such a case the test of failure to disclose truly and fully all material facts necessary for assessment during   the   original   assessment   proceedings   does   not   arise   for consideration.  In   the   present  facts    the  notice     to  reopen  the assessment for A.Y. 2008­09 was issued on 28 March 2013 and the reasons seeking to reopen the assessment is that the petitioner had Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 17/23 WP-137-14 .sxw so   written/   manipulated   its   account   that   the   normal   business profits in share trading was claimed as short term capital gain so as to attract the lower rate of tax. 14) We find that during the assessment proceedings   the petitioner  had by a letter dated 9 July 2010  pointed out that they were engaged in the business of financing trading and investment in shares and securities. Further, by a letter dated 8 September 2010 during the course of assessment proceedings on a specific query made by the Assessing Officer, the petitioner has disclosed in detail as to why its profit on sale of investments   should not be taxed  as  business  profits   but     charged  to  tax  under   the  head capital gain. In support of its contention the petitioner had also relied upon CBDT Circular No.4/2007 dated 15 June 2007. (The reasons for reopening furnished by the Assessing Officer   also places reliance upon CBDT Circular dated 15 June 2007). It would therefore, be noticed that the   very ground on which the notice dated   28   March   2013   seeks   to   reopen   the   assessment   for assessment year 2008­09 was considered by the Assessing Officer while originally passing assessment order dated 12 October 2010. This by itself demonstrates the fact that notice dated 28 March 2013 under Section 148 of the Act seeking to reopen assessment for A.Y. 2008­09 is based on mere change of opinion. However, according to  Mr. Chhotaray, learned Counsel for the revenue  the aforesaid  issue now raised has not been  considered earlier as the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 18/23 WP-137-14 .sxw same is not  referred to in the assessment order dated 12 October 2010 passed for A.Y. 2008­09. We are of the view that once a query is raised during the assessment proceedings and the assessee has replied to it, it follows that the query raised   was a subject of consideration   of   the   Assessing   Officer   while   completing   the assessment. It is not necessary that an assessment order should contain reference and/or discussion to disclose its satisfaction in respect of the query raised. If an  Assessing Officer has to record the consideration bestowed by him   on all issues raised by him during the assessment proceeding even where he is satisfied then it would be impossible  for the Assessing Officer to complete all the assessments which are required to be scrutinized by him under Section 143(3) of the Act. Moreover, one must not forget that the manner in which an assessment order  is to be drafted is  the sole domain of the Assessing Officer and it is not open to an assessee to insist that the assessment order must   record all the questions raised   and the satisfaction in respect thereof of the Assessing Officer.  The only requirement is that the Assessing Officer ought to have considered the objection now raised in the grounds for issuing notice under Section 148 of the Act, during the original assessment proceedings. There can be no doubt in the present facts as evidenced by a letter dated 8 September 2012 the very issue of taxability of   sale of shares under the head   capital gain or the head   profits and gains from business was a subject matter of consideration   by   the   Assessing   Officer   during   the   original Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 19/23 WP-137-14 .sxw assessment proceedings leading   to an order dated 12 October 2010. It   would   therefore,   follow   that   the   reopening   of   the assessment by impugned notice dated 28 March 2013 is   merely on   the basis of change of opinion of the Assessing Officer from that   held   earlier   during   the   course   of   assessment   proceeding leading   to   the   order   dated   12   October   2010. This   change   of opinion does not constitute justification and/or reasons to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. 15) It was contended by Mr. Chhotaray appearing for the revenue   that   this   is   not   a   case   of   change   of   opinion   as   the reopening  is based on fresh tangible material namely audit report furnished by the internal audit department of the revenue. This material viz. audit report dated 29 September 2011 could  never have been considered by the Assessing Officer while passing his assessment order dated 12 October 2010. We find that neither the reasons furnished to the petitioner disclose  the material obtained from the     audit report of the internal audit department of the revenue   as the basis for reopening assessment nor the     order dated 20 November  2013 rejecting the petitioner's objection state Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 20/23 WP-137-14 .sxw issuance of notice and no further reasons either orally at  the bar or by filing of an affidavit can be considered to meet the challenge to   reopening   of   an   assessment.     Therefore,   it   would   not   be permissible for Mr. Chhotaray to advance  submissions on the basis of an audit report which was not  basis of the reasons recorded at the time of issuing notice under Section 148 of the Act. 16) Be that as it may, even if, one examines audit report dated 29 September 2011 from the internal audit  department it would   be   noticed   that   the   basis   of   the   audit   report   is   the interpretation/inference drawn by the auditors from the accounts submitted by the petitioner to the department during the course of its assessment proceedings. The reasons as indicated in the audit report are similar to the reasons as set out in the grounds for reopening the   assessment by the Assessing officer. Neither the audit report nor the ground for reopening assessment disclose any tangible material for the purpose of reopening the assessment but relies   upon   opinion/inferences   drawn   by   the   internal   audit department   on   existing   material   and   these   inferences/opinion differ  from the one drawn by the Assessing Officer while passing assessment order dated 12 October 2010. Tangible material would mean   factual   material   and   not   inference/opinion   on   material already   in   existence   and   considered   during   the   assessment proceedings.  This is not a case of any new fact being available  by virtue of internal audit which could lead to a reasonable belief Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 21/23 WP-137-14 .sxw that   income   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped   assessment.   The internal   audit   report   dated   29   September   2011     is   an opinion/inference on facts i.e. the accounts and therefore, would not be tangible material to reopen an assessment. 17) One   of   the   grounds   set   out   in   order   dated   20 November   2013   for   rejecting   the   petitioner's   objection   on reopening the assessment for A.Y. 2008­09 was that the petitioner had   failed to furnish sample contract note, Dmet account and shareholding   pattern   of   the   companies   to   whom   loans   were advanced. This ground is factually incorrect. In fact,  the petitioner by   its     letter   dated   13   September   2010     had     supplied     the Assessing officer   with sample of contract note, Demet account statement and also share  holding pattern of the companies to whom the loans were advanced. It therefore, follows that grounds for rejecting the petitioner's objection to reopen the assessment are contrary to the facts on record and therefore, cannot be  sustained. 18) It was also urged by the petitioner that for the earlier assessment   year   as   well   as   subsequent   assessment   year   the petitioner has been treated as investor in shares and not as trader. This would be a submission on merits of the matter and normally would not have been dealt with it in a challenge to reopening of assessment.  However, we are considering the same as the peculiar facts of this case  would indicate the absence of reason to believe Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 22/23 WP-137-14 .sxw that income has escaped assessment. This is so, as much after the objection of the internal audit dated 29 September 2011   the Assessing Officer while  passing the assessment order dated 25 November 2011 for  A.Y.2009­10 had treated  the petitioner's loss on sale of shares  as loss on investment and classified it as short term capital loss and not as business loss. This was only because the revenue was conscious of the fact that if the capital gain/loss was   to be treated as business loss for A.Y. 2009­10 (as is now contended by the revenue for A.Y. 2008­09) then in that event the petitioner would have   an opportunity to set off   its profit of Rs.75.60 lacs on account of profit and gain of business  from the losses suffered on sale/purchase of   shares of Rs.1.59 crores. In such a case no tax at all  would be   payable. The aforesaid order dated 25 November 2011 for A.Y. 2009­10 by the Assessing Officer continues to reflect the view of the Assessing Officer   that the profits and gains on account on sale of shares arises out of the petitioner's   investment in shares and is not taxable as business income. This Court in the matter of Gopal Purohit (supra)   has taken a view   that   though the principle of res­judicata is not applicable to tax matters   as each year is separate and distinct, nevertheless where facts are identical from year to year, there has to be  uniformity and consistency in treatment. In view of the above, the fact that the revenue has been treating  the profit on sale of shares   as taxable under the head capital gain the same should be done in this year also in the absence of different facts. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09

ASN 23/23 WP-137-14 .sxw 19) On all the aforesaid grounds, we are of the view that the impugned notice dated 28 March2013 under Section 148 of the Act seeking to reopen the assessment for A.Y.2008­09 and the order dated 20 November 2013  rejecting the petitioner's objection to reopen the assessment for A.Y. 2008­09 are not sustainable in law. The entire proceeding for reopening the assessment for A.Y. 2008­09 had emanated only on account of change of opinion on the part of the Assessing Officer. 20) In view of the discussion in Paragraphs 3 to 7 herein above, we set aside the assessment order   dated 19 December 2013. We also  hold that there  was no reason for the Assessing Officer to have had a reasonable belief that income chargeable to tax   has   escaped   assessment.   Accordingly,   we   set   aside   the impugned  notice dated 28 March 2013  issued under Section­148 of the Act as well as the impugned  order dated 20 November 2013 passed by the Assessing Officer rejecting  the petitioner's objection to reopen the assessment for A.Y. 2008­09. 21) The petition is allowed. No order as to costs. CHIEF JUSTICE

( M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 04:18:09 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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